The Role of Communication & Meteorological Satellites in Disaster Management Support - Experience of ISRO Presentation By Indian Delegation 43 rd Session of S&T Session of UN COPUOS 23 rd Feb. 2006, Vienna
DISASTERS IN INDIA - VULNERABILITY Severity Index (Last 50 yrs Data) Analysis based on Extent affected (Population, Area); Loss to Economy, Lives; Frequency of incidence Landslides Tornado Key Vulnerability: 5700 Km Long Coastline - Cyclone-prone 40 Mha - Flood-prone 68% of Net Sown Area (116 Districts) - Droughtprone 55% Total Area - Seismic Zones III - V Sub-Himalayan/ Western Ghats - Landslide-prone Thunderstorms Hailstorms Epidemics Forest fires Pest & Diseases Cyclone Drought Earthquake Flood 0 2 4 6 8 10
Super-cyclone in Orissa during 28-30 Oct 1999 Meteorological imagery from INSAT-2E
Damage due to Earthquake in Bhuj 26 Jan 2001
Areas affected by Tsunami of 2004 in India The worst affected area An archipelago of 572 islands called Andaman & Nicobar Islands Three coastal districts of Tamil Nadu State in South India. The coastal areas of State of Pondicherry. One district of Kerala State in South India. Two districts in Andhra Pradesh.
SPACE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Observation for Information FLOOD MAP DROUGHT MAP Information for Decision DAMAGE MAP HAZARD ZONES RISK MAP Decision for Action
28 29 30 Oct-3gmt Oct-6gmt Oct-9gmt SUPER CYCLONE OVER ORISSA COAST INSAT IMAGES SHOWING THE CYCLONE MOVEMENT Ø CYCLONE FORECASTS BASED ON INSAT VHRR IMAGES Ø USE OF MESOSCALE MODELS FOR IMPROVING TRACK FORECAST
INSAT Pictures of Nov. 9, 2005 55 mm Rain at SHAR during 1000-1430 IST
DROUGHT MONITORING KARNATAKA STATE IRS WiFS based NDVI Severely drought affected districts 1987 1988 1999 BHIWANI DISTRICT Excess (1988) Satellite derived Normal (1991) NDVI Drought (1987) 5 6 7 8 9 10 Fortnight May-July 2000 Increasing NDVI May-July 2001 11 12 13 14 15 16
LAUNCH VEHICLE SATELLITE ARYABHATA 19.04.75 Four Decades of Indian Space Programme Applications driven programme Self reliance in building & launching satellites 2.5 m resolution, 30 Km Swath Stereo mission; +26 / -5 forward/ Aft view Revisit : 5 days Along Track Stereo viewing - first of its kind in the world INSAT-3E 28.09.03 KALPANA-1 12.09.02 INSAT-2E 03.04.99 INSAT-3C 24.01.02 CARTOSAT-1 INSAT-3B 22.03.00 PSLV INSAT-3A 10.04.03 TODAY, 2004 8 GSLV 2 ONE AMONG THE SIX NATIONS GSAT-2 08.05.03 APPLICATIONS IRS-1C 28.12.95 IRS-P3 21.03.96 IRS-1D 29.09.97 IRS-P4 26.05.99 TES 22.10.01 IRS-P6 17.10.03 IRS-P5 05.05.05 42+ 4 Missions
CARTOSAT-1 Image
During Floods Airborne SAR data of 24-Jul-2004 Airborne SAR data over Bihar State Darbhanga Area Kansi * * Sabhan Badhbasti * Simra* Kamrauli * Manlari * * Ganawli * Chatiriya * Jalwara Khirol Nadi DARBHANGA * Baliya * Kadaria Banauli * Rampur * * Bajrdpur Yaunga * FLOOD INUNDATION Bharaul * Baluwahi * Baghmati River Dih Rampur * * Mahnauli Panchobh* Kamalpur * Baghla * Baghia * Taralahi * Chandih * * Ballapur Ekmighat * LAHERIA SARAI Affected Embankment
Programmatic Response to Tsunami Multi-Tasking for Disaster Reduction Tsunami affected A& N Islands ISRO Telemedicine Network Used for locating the missing children.. Multitasking Satcom/ VSATs: Deployable terminals, Mobile WLL VSATs Space + Other IT-enabled Services Tele-education: Broadband System E-Governance Tele-Medicine: Broadband System Emergency Disaster Communication Management Support: Emergency Communication, Vulnerability, Risk & Early Warning Telemedicine Spatial Info. support, Weather info., Farmers Advisory services,.. Trinkat Island Access to: Telephone, Fax, Internet Pre-Event Post-Event
Katchal Island before & after Tsunami IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 21-Dec-04 IRS-P6 AWiFS Image of 26-Dec-04
Locale-specific Early Warning System Cyclone Warning Dissemination System (CWDS) Inputs INSAT VHRR Imaging/ Cyclone Tracking Cyclone Warning Cyclone Warning Centre Earth Station C-Band Uplink S-Band Downlink Cyclone Formation More than 250 CWDS Installed in the Coastal Areas Focus: Track, Intensity, Landfall predictions
INSAT MSS Ground Terminals U/L 2670 2690 MHz D/L 2500 2520 MHz PILOT CARRIER U/L 6450 6470 MHz D/L 3680 3689 MHz U/L 2670 2690 MHz D/L 2500 2520 MHz MOBILE REMOTE TERMINAL 2.1 M 11 M S-BAND C-BAND HUB EQUIPMENTS HUB NETWORK MOBILE REMOTE TERMINAL PSTN / DATA / FAX Type-D terminal Briefcase terminal with solar panel on the cover, and battery back-up. Two-way voice link capability. Uplink and downlink work in S-band. Development & evaluation completed, units under field trial. Serviced by a central Hub with DAMA NMS.
Strengthening of Observation Network Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Developed thro Industry Partnership Large No. of AWS - replacing human observers world over Facilitate frequent/ continuous observations Data transmission via satellite to receiving station; and directly as input to numerical models Met. Sensor Data Satellite Transmitter Dedicated Team/ User Dept. Data Processing Center
Strengthening of Observation Network Doppler Weather Radar IMD - ISRO Doppler Weather Radar at Sriharikota Continuous monitoring of severe weather events Key parameters for atmospheric studies Urgent need to expand the Radar network to cover entire coastal areas, NE region, major cities,
Decision Support Centre at NRSA, Hyderabad ALERT (Advance) Info. on Disaster Disaster Forecasting Organizations (CWC, IMD, ) Other Sources (Press/ TV, Local Bodies, NGO) Satellite Data Programming and Acquisition (NRSA Earth Station / NDC) Database, Knowledge Banks Ground / Ancillary Information Data Satellite, Aerial Coarse - High Resolution Optical Microwave Acquisition of data Data Analysis Outputs ASAR/ALTM/DC etc. Flight Planning Defense clearance Data acquisition, processing and transfer to DSC Hardware & software Customized Analysis Tools Dissemination to Users VSAT, FTP, Web page, E-mail etc.
DMS - Infrastructure Aerospace Systems Imaging Hot spot Met/Ocean Observation Emergency communication High Resolution Imaging Laser Terrain Mapper Institutional Interfaces All weather mapping Real Time Mapping Knowledge networks Inputs Decision Support Centre (DSC) Concerns User community Scientific Inputs Rapid Mapping Vulnerability, Risk Policy / Management decision Communications Backbone Terrestrial & Satellite based (Mobile Terminals, VSAT, WLL VSATs, CWDS, S&R,..)
Virtual Private Network under DMS N Knowledge Institutions State Emergency Centres 5.. N 5 4. 4 3.. 3 VPN 2 2 1 Decision Support Centre Nodal Agency 1
Conclusion The Disaster Management Support programme of ISRO is the outcome of the extensive efforts put towards optimally utilizing the capabilities of the space systems to provide critical inputs to the disaster management efforts. Prime Minister of India talking to Tsunami disaster affected people, with satellite communication antenna in the background.