TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS PART WINDING START

Transcription

1 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS PART WINDING START NEMA NOMENCLATURE 6 LEADS Delta Wye OPER. 9 MODE L L L3 OPEN 7 START 3 7,8,9 T T T3 T7 T8 T9 RUN,7,8 3,9 3 8 MOTOR LEADS 3 7 Double 8 Delta 9 (Extended Delta) NEMA NOMENCLATURE 9 LEADS WYE CONNECTED (LOW VOLTAGE ONLY) T T T3 T7 T8 T9 Together MOTOR LEADS &5&6 NEMA AND IEC NOMENCLATURE LEADS SINGLE VOLTAGE OR LOW VOLTAGE OF DUAL-VOLTAGE MOTORS NEMA W5 W W6 U U U5 IEC W U6 V6 V5 V V T T T3 T7 T8 T9 NEMA,6, 3,5 7, 8,0 9, IEC U,W V,U W,V U5,W6 V5,U6 W5,V6

2 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS THREE-PHASE MOTORS SINGLE SPEED NEMA NOMENCLATURE 6 LEADS SINGLE VOLTAGE EXTERNAL WYE CONNECTION L L L3 JOIN 3 &5& SINGLE VOLTAGE EXTERNAL DELTA CONNECTION 6 L L L3,6, 3,5 3 5 SINGLE AND DUAL VOLTAGE WYE-DELTA CONNECTIONS 6 SINGLE VOLTAGE OPERATING MODE CONNECTION L L L3 JOIN START WYE 3 &5&6 RUN DELTA,6, 3,5 DUAL VOLTAGE* VOLTAGE CONNECTION L L L3 JOIN HIGH WYE 3 &5&6 LOW DELTA,6, 3,5 *Voltage ratio:.73 to

3 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS THREE-PHASE MOTORS SINGLE SPEED NEMA NOMENCLATURE 9 LEADS DUAL VOLTAGE WYE-CONNECTED 3 VOLTAGE L L L3 JOIN HIGH 3 &7,5&8,6&9 LOW,7,8 3,9 &5& DUAL VOLTAGE DELTA-CONNECTED VOLTAGE L L L3 JOIN HIGH 3 &7,5&8,6&9 LOW,6,7,,8 3,5,9 3

4 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS THREE-PHASE MOTORS SINGLE SPEED NEMA NOMENCLATURE LEADS 7 DUAL VOLTAGE EXTERNAL WYE CONNECTION VOLTAGE L L L3 JOIN HIGH 3 &7,5&8,6&9, 0&& LOW,7,8 3,9 &5&6, 0&& DUAL VOLTAGE WYE-CONNECTED START DELTA-CONNECTED RUN VOLTAGE CONN. L L L3 JOIN HIGH WYE 3 &7,5&8,6&9, 0&& DELTA,,0 3, &7,5&8,6&9 LOW WYE,7,8 3,9 &5&6, 0&& DELTA,6,7,,,8, 3,5,9, 0

5 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS THREE-PHASE MOTORS SINGLE SPEED IEC NOMENCLATURE 6 AND LEADS SINGLE AND DUAL VOLTAGE WYE-DELTA CONNECTIONS SINGLE VOLTAGE OPER. CONN. L L L3 JOIN MODE START WYE U V W U&V&W RUN DELTA U,W V,U W,V DUAL VOLTAGE* VOLT. CONN. L L L3 JOIN HIGH WYE U V W U&V&W LOW DELTA U,W V,U W,V *Voltage ratio:.73 to. W6 W W W5 W U U U5 W U6 V6 V5 V V W5 W W V6 DUAL VOLTAGE WYE-CONNECTED START DELTA-CONNECTED RUN W6 U V5 V U U5 U6 V VOLT. CONN. L L L3 JOIN HIGH WYE U V W U&U5,V&V5, W&W5,U6&V6&W6 DELTA U,W6 V,U6 W,V6 U&U5,V&V5, W&W5 LOW WYE U,U5 V,V5 W,W5 U&V&W, U6&V6&W6 U U V V W DELTA U,U5, V,V5, W,W5, W,W6 U,U6 V,V6 V W U U V 5

6 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS THREE-PHASE MOTORS TWO SPEED, SINGLE WINDING NEMA NOMENCLATURE 6 LEADS CONSTANT TORQUE CONNECTION Low-speed horsepower is half of high-speed horsepower.* TYPICAL SPEED L L L3 CONNECTION HIGH 6 5 &&3 JOIN WYE LOW OPEN DELTA VARIABLE TORQUE CONNECTION Low-speed horsepower is one-fourth of high-speed horsepower.* TYPICAL SPEED L L L3 CONNECTION HIGH 6 5 &&3 JOIN WYE LOW OPEN WYE CONSTANT HORSEPOWER CONNECTION Horsepower is the same at both speeds. TYPICAL SPEED L L L3 CONNECTION HIGH OPEN DELTA LOW 3 &5&6 JOIN WYE 6 * CAUTION: On European motors horsepower variance with speed may not be the same as shown above

7 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS THREE-PHASE MOTORS TWO SPEED, SINGLE WINDING IEC NOMENCLATURE 6 LEADS U CONSTANT TORQUE CONNECTION V W V U W TYPICAL SPEED L L L3 CONN. HIGH W U V U&V&W JOIN WYE LOW U V W U-V-W OPEN DELTA VARIABLE TORQUE CONNECTION U V W V U W TYPICAL SPEED L L L3 CONN. HIGH W U V U&V&W JOIN WYE LOW U V W U-V-W OPEN WYE 7

8 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS CAPACITOR-START NEMA NOMENCLATURE SINGLE VOLTAGE ROTATION L L CCW,8,5 CW,5,8 P THERMAL PROTECTOR P MAIN (RUN) WINDING 8 AUXILIARY (START) WINDING 5 CAP SWITCH DUAL VOLTAGE (MAIN WINDING ONLY) Auxiliary winding is always at low voltage rating; capacitor should be rated accordingly. THERMAL PROTECTOR MAIN (RUN) WINDING P P 3 8 AUXILIARY (START) WINDING 5 CAP SWITCH VOLTAGE ROTATION L L JOIN HIGH CCW,5 &3&8 CW,8 &3&5 LOW CCW,3,8,,5 CW,3,5,,8 8

9 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS CAPACITOR-START NEMA NOMENCLATURE DUAL VOLTAGE (MAIN AND AUXILIARY WINDING) Capacitors in auxiliary windings are rated for lower voltage. THERMAL PROTECTOR VOLTAGE ROTATION L L JOIN HIGH CCW,8,5 &3,6&7 CW,5,8 &3,6&7 LOW CCW,3,6,8,,5,7 CW,3,5,7,,6,8 The switch in the auxiliary winding circuit has been omitted from this diagram. The connections to the switch must be made so that both auxiliary windings become de-energized when the switch is open. P P MAIN (RUN) WINDING 3 CAP CAP 5 AUXILIARY (START) WINDING ROTATION: CCW Counter-clockwise CW Clockwise The direction of shaft rotation can be determined by facing the end of the motor opposite the drive. TERMINAL MARKINGS IDENTIFIED BY COLOR -Blue 5-Black P-No color assigned -White 6-No color assigned P-Brown 3-Orange 7-No color assigned -Yellow 8-Red NEMA MG -998 (Rev. 3),.. Note: May not apply for some definite-purpose motors. 9

10 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS FOR DC MOTORS (NEMA NOMENCLATURE) SHUNT MOTOR SHUNT FIELD F + INTERPOLES A ARMATURE A - F LINE COMPOUND MOTOR LINE SHUNT FIELD F + INTERPOLES SERIES FIELD ARMATURE A A S S - F LINE LINE SERIES MOTOR + INTERPOLES SERIES FIELD ARMATURE A A S S - LINE LINE All connections are for counterclockwise rotation facing the end opposite the drive. For clockwise rotation, interchange A and A. Some manufacturers connect the interpole winding on the A side of the armature. When the shunt field is separately excited, the same polarities must be observed for a given rotation. 0

11 TERMINAL MARKINGS AND CONNECTIONS FOR DC GENERATORS (NEMA NOMENCLATURE) SHUNT GENERATOR SHUNT FIELD F + INTERPOLES A ARMATURE A - F LINE LINE COMPOUND GENERATOR SHUNT FIELD F + INTERPOLES SERIES ARMATURE FIELD A A S S - F LINE LINE All connections are for counterclockwise rotation facing the end opposite the drive. For clockwise rotation, interchange A and A. Some manufacturers connect the interpole winding on the A side of the armature. For the above generators, the shunt field may be either selfexcited or separately excited. When it is self-excited, connections should be made as shown by the dotted lines. When the shunt field is separately excited, it is usually isolated from the other windings of the machine, but the polarity or the voltage applied to the shunt field should be as shown for the particular rotation and armature polarity. NEMA MG -998 (Rev. 3),., Note 5.

12 FULL-LOAD CURRENTS OF DC MOTORS* (RUNNING AT BASE SPEED) *For conductor slzlng only. FULL-LOAD CURRENT IN AMPERES RATED ARMATURE VOLTAGE HP 90V 0V 80V 0V 500V 550V OVER 00 HP Approx. Amps/hp These are average direct-current quantities. Branch-circuit conductors supplying a single motor shall have an ampacity not less than 5 percent of the motor full-load current rating. Armature current varies inversely as applied voltage. Example: 0 hp motor, 300 volt armature 0 Armature current =0 x = amps 300 The above table is based on Table 30.7 of the National Electrical Code, 00. National Electrical Code and NEC are registered trade marks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc. Quincy, MA

13 FULL-LOAD CURRENTS THREE-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE AND WOUND-ROTOR MOTORS* *For conductor sizing only FULL-LOAD CURRENT IN AMPERES HP 00V 08V 30V 60V 575V 300V 000V OVER 00 HP Approx. Amps/hp Branch-circuit conductors supplying a single motor shall have an ampacity not less than 5 percent of the motor full-load current rating. Based on Table of the National Electrical Code, 00.

14 FULL-LOAD CURRENTS THREE-PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS (UNITY POWER FACTOR) AND SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS* *For conductor sizing only THREE-PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS FULL-LOAD CURRENT IN AMPERES RATED VOLTAGE HP 60V 575V 300V 000V SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS FULL-LOAD CURRENT IN AMPERES RATED VOLTAGE HP 5V 00V 08V 30V Branch-circuit conductors supplying a single motor shall have an ampacity not less than 5 percent of the motor full-load current rating. Based on Table 30.8 of the National Electrical Code, 00. 5

15 MAXIMUM LOCKED-ROTOR CURRENTS THREE-PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE MOTORS NEMA DESIGNS B, C AND D LOCKED-ROTOR CURRENT IN AMPERES 6 RATED VOLTAGE, 60 Hz HP 00V 30V 60V 575V 300V 000V The locked-rotor current of Design B, C and D constant-speed induction motors, when measured with rated voltage and frequency impressed and with rotor locked, shall not exceed the above values. Reference: NEMA MG -998 (Rev. 3),.35.. See NEMA MG -998 (Rev. 3),.35.3 for 50 Hz, 380 volts.

16 GENERAL SPEED-TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS Speed (% of synchronous speed) Design B Design A Design C Design D (5 % slip) Torque (% of full-load torque) LOCKED LOCKED NEMA ROTOR BREAKDOWN ROTOR RELATIVE DESIGN TORQUE TORQUE CURRENT SLIP EFFICIENCY B 70-75%* %* % 0.5-5% Medium or High Applications: Fans, blowers, centrifugal pumps and compressors, motor-generator sets, etc., where starting torque requirements are relatively low. C 00-50%* 90-5%* % -5% Medium Applications: Conveyors, crushers, stirring machines, agitators, reciprocating pumps and compressors, etc., where starting under load is required. D 75% 75% % 5% Medium Applications: High peak loads with or without flywheels, such as punch presses, shears,elevators, extractors, winches, hoists, oil-well pumping, and wire-drawing machines. Based on NEMA MG 0-00, Table. NEMA Design A is a variation of Design B having higher locked-rotor current. *Higher values are for motors having lower horsepower ratings. 7

17 FULL-LOAD EFFICIENCIES THREE-PHASE, SQUIRREL CAGE, ENERGY EFFICIENT OPEN MOTORS (NEMA DESIGNS A AND B) POLE POLE 6 POLE HP NOMINAL MINIMUM NOMINAL MINIMUM NOMINAL MINIMUM EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY The full load efficiency of Design A and B motors rated 600 volts or less, when operating at rated voltage and frequency, shall not be less than the minimum efficiency listed in the table above for the motor to be classified as energy efficient. Nominal efficiency represents a value which should be used to compute the energy consumption of a motor or group of motors. Reference: NEMA MG -998 (Rev. 3),.60, Table -. The Energy Policy Act of 99 (USA): The nominal full-load efficiency of electric motors as specified in the Energy Policy Act of 99 is the same as that listed in the table for.0 to 00.0 hp motors. 8

18 FULL-LOAD EFFICIENCIES THREE-PHASE, SQUIRREL CAGE, ENERGY EFFICIENT ENCLOSED MOTORS (NEMA DESIGNS A AND B) POLE POLE 6 POLE HP NOMINAL MINIMUM NOMINAL MINIMUM NOMINAL MINIMUM EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY The full load efficiency of Design A and B motors rated 600 volts or less, when operating at rated voltage and frequency, shall not be less than the minimum efficiency listed in the table above for the motor to be classified as energy efficient. Nominal efficiency represents a value which should be used to compute the energy consumption of a motor or group of motors. Reference: NEMA MG -998 (Rev. 3),.60, Table -. The Energy Policy Act of 99 (USA): The nominal full-load efficiency of electric motors as specified in the Energy Policy Act of 99 is the same as that listed in the table for.0 to 00.0 hp motors. 9

19 NEMA FRAME ASSIGNMENTS THREE-PHASE OPEN MOTORS GENERAL PURPOSE NEMA 3600 RPM 800 RPM 00 RPM 900 RPM PROGRAM HP ORIG. RERATE RERATE ORIG. RERATE RERATE ORIG. RERATE RERATE ORIG. RERATE RERATE T 0 8 5T 5 3 8T T 0 8 5T 8 8T 5 3 8T 0 8 5T 8 5T 5 3 8T 5 5 3T 3 8 5T 5 3 8T 5 5 3T 8 5U 5T T 5 5 8T 8 5U 5T 3 56U 5T T 8 5U 3T 3 56U 5T 36 8U 56T 0 8 5U 3T 3 56U 5T 36 8U 56T 36 86U 8T U 5T 36 8U 5T 36 3U 8T U 86T U 5T 36 86U 56T U 86T 0 36U 3T 5 36S 86U 56T 36 3U 8T 0 36U 3T U 36T

20 30 36S 3S 8TS U 86T U 36T 0U 36T 0 365S 36S 86TS 0 36U 3T 0U 36T 5 05U 365T 50 0S 36US 3TS 05S 365US 36T 5 05U 365T 50U U 0T 60 05S 365US 36TS S 0US 36TS 50U U 0T 505 5U 05T 75 S 0US 36TS 5S 05US 365TS 505 5U 05T T 00 5S 05US 365TS 50S US 0TS T 5T 5 50S US 0TS 505S 5US 05TS 5T S 5US 05TS TS 00 TS 5TS 50 5TS When motors are to be used with V-belts or chain drive, the correct frame size is the one shown but with the suffix letter S omitted. For the corresponding shaft extension dimensions, see Pages

21 NEMA FRAME ASSIGNMENTS THREE-PHASE TEFC MOTORS GENERAL PURPOSE NEMA 3600 RPM 800 RPM 00 RPM 900 RPM PROGRAM HP ORIG. RERATE RERATE ORIG. RERATE RERATE ORIG. RERATE RERATE ORIG. RERATE RERATE T 0 8 5T 5 3 8T T 0 8 5T 8 8T 5 3 8T 0 8 5T 8 5T 5 3 8T 5 5 3T 3 8 8T 5 3 8T 5 5 3T 8 5U 5T T 5 5 8T 8 5U 5T 3 56U 5T T 8 5U 3T 3 56U 5T 36 8U 56T 0 8 5U 5T 3 56U 5T 36 8U 56T 36 86U 8T U 5T 36 8U 5T 36 3U 8T U 86T U 56T 36 86U 56T U 86T 0 36U 3T 5 365S 3U 8TS 365 3U 8T 0 36U 3T U 36T 6

22 30 0S 36S 86TS 0 36U 86T U 36T 0U 36T 0 05S 36US 3TS 05 36U 3T 0U 36T 5 05U 365T 50 S 365US 36TS S 365US 36T 5 05U 365T 50U U 0T 60 5S 05US 36TS 5S 05US 36TS 50U U 0T 505 5U 05T 75 50S US 365TS 50S US 365TS 505 5U 05T T S 5US 05TS 505S 5US 05TS T 5T 5 TS TS 5T 50 5TS 5TS When motors are to be used with V-belt or chain drives, the correct frame size is the frame size shown but with the suffix letter S omitted. For the corresponding shaft extension dimensions, see Pages

23 NEMA FRAME DIMENSIONS* FOOT-MOUNTED DC MACHINES F B * Dimensions in inches BA D E E H A FRAME A MAX B MAX D E F BA H H AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT

24 NEMA FRAME DIMENSIONS* FOOT-MOUNTED DC MACHINES CONTINUED * Dimensions in inches FRAME A MAX B MAX D E F BA H 83AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT AT A A A A A A A A A A A A References and tolerances on dimensions: NEMA MG -998 (Rev. 3),.5.,.5.,.5.3 and.9. Frames to 56H, inclusive The H dimension is Width of Slot. Frames AT to 688A, inclusive The H dimension is Diameter of Hole. 5

25 NEMA SIZE STARTERS FOR THREE-PHASE MOTORS MAXIMUM HORSEPOWER THREE-PHASE MOTORS NEMA FULL VOLTAGE AUTOTRANSFORMER PART-WINDING WYE-DELTA SIZE STARTING STARTING STARTING STARTING 00V 30V 60V 00V 30V 60V 00V 30V 60V 00V 30V 60V 575V 575V 575V 575V

26 STARTER ENCLOSURES TYPE NEMA ENCLOSURE General Purpose Indoor Dripproof Indoor 3 Dusttight, Raintight, Sleettight Outdoor 3R Raintight, Sleet Resistant Outdoor 3S Dusttight, Raintight, Sleettight Outdoor Watertight, Dusttight, Sleet Resistant Indoor & Outdoor X Watertight, Dusttight, Corrosion-Resistant Indoor & Outdoor 5 Dusttight, Dripproof Indoor 6 Occasionally Submersible, Watertight, Sleet Resistant Indoor & Outdoor 6P Watertight, Sleet Resistant Prolonged Submersion Indoor & Outdoor Dusttight and Driptight Indoor K Dusttight and Driptight, with Knockouts Indoor 3 Oiltight and Dusttight Indoor HAZARDOUS LOCATION STARTERS 7 Class I, Group A, B, C or D Hazardous Locations Indoor 8 Class I, Group A, B, C or D Hazardous Locations Indoor & Outdoor 9 Class II, Group E, F or G Hazardous Locations Indoor 0 Requirements of Mine Safety and Health Administration CONVERSION OF NEMA TYPE NUMBERS TO IEC CLASSIFICATION DESIGNATIONS (Cannot be used to convert IEC Classification Designations to NEMA Type Numbers) NEMA ENCLOSURE TYPE NUMBER 3 3R 3S and X 5 6 and 6P and K 3 IEC ENCLOSURE CLASSIFICATION DESIGNATION IP0 IP IP5 IP IP5 IP56 IP5 IP67 IP5 IP5 Note: This comparison is based on tests specified in IEC Publication 6059 (00-0). Reference: Information in the above tables is based on NEMA

27 NEMA SIZE STARTERS FOR SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS CONTINUOUS CURRENT HORSEPOWER SIZE OF RATING AT AT CONTROLLER (AMPERES) 5V 30V 00 9 / P / / 5 Reference: NEMA ICS-993, Table --. DERATING FACTORS FOR CONDUCTORS IN A CONDUIT (PAGES 70-7) PERCENT OF VALUES IN NUMBER OF TABLES AS ADJUSTED CURRENT CARRYING FOR TEMPERATURE IF CONDUCTORS NECESSARY & Above 35 Reprinted with permission from NFPA 70-00, National Electrical Code, copyright 00, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts

28 COMMON FRACTIONS OF AN INCH DECIMAL AND METRIC EQUIVALENTS FRACTION DECIMAL mm / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / FRACTION DECIMAL mm 33/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /

29 USEFUL FORMULAS FORMULAS FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS DIRECT TO FIND CURRENT SINGLE PHASE THREE PHASE Horsepower Current Efficiency E x I x EFF E x I x EFF x PF.73 x E x I x EFF x PF x hp 76 x hp 76 x hp E x EFF E x EFF x PF.73 x E x EFF x PF 76 x hp 76 x hp 76 x hp E x I E x I x PF.73 x E x I x PF Power Factor Input watts E x I Input watts.73 x E x I E = Volts I = Amperes EFF = Efficiency (decimal) PF = Power factor (decimal) hp = Horsepower FORMULAS FOR ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS DIRECT TO FIND CURRENT SINGLE PHASE THREE PHASE Amperes Watts Watts Watts Volts Volts x Power factor.73 x Volts x Power factor Volt- Amperes Volts x Amperes.73 x Volts x Amperes Watts Volts x Amperes Volts x Amperes x Power factor.73 x Volts x Amperes x Power factor OHMS LAW CAPACITANCE IN MICROFARADS AT 60 HZ Ohms = Volts/Amperes (R = E/I) Amperes = Volts/Ohms (I = E/R) Volts = Amperes x Ohms (E = IR) Capacitance = Capacitance = 650 x Amperes Volts.65 x kvar (Volts) 98

30 USEFUL FORMULAS TEMPERATURE CORRECTION OF WINDING RESISTANCE R C = R H x (K + T C ) (K + T H ) R H = R C x (K + T H ) (K + T C ) MOTOR APPLICATION FORMULAS OUTPUT Horsepower = VALUE OF K Material K Aluminum 5 Copper 3.5 R C = Resistance at temperature T C (Ohms) R H = Resistance at temperature T H (Ohms) T C = Temperature of cold winding ( C) T H = Temperature of hot winding ( C) Torque (lb. ft) x rpm Kilowatts = Torque (N. m) x rpm Torque (lb. ft) = Horsepower x 55 Torque (N. m) = rpm Kilowatts x 9550 rpm For approximation, use: Full-load torque =.5 ft lb per hp per pole pair at 60 Hz Full-load torque = 3. N m per kilowatt per pole pair at 50 hz TIME FOR MOTOR TO REACH OPERATING SPEED Wk ( lb ft ) Speed change ( rpm) Seconds = 308 Avg. accelerating torque ( lb ft) lb ft =.0 kg m J( kg m ) Speed change ( rpm) kg m = 3.73 lb ft Seconds = 955. Avg. accelerating torque ( N m) Wk J } Inertia of load Load rpm = Inertia of rotor + Motor rpm Average accelerating torque = [(FLT + BDT)/] + BDT + LRT 3 Where: BDT = Breakdown torque FLT = Full-load torque LRT = Locked-rotor torque 99

31 CONVERSION FACTORS Length Area Volume MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN Centimeters x.3937 = Inches Feet x.0 = Inches Feet x.308 = Meters Inches x.5 = Centimeters Inches x 5. = Millimeters Kilometers x.6 = Miles Meters x 3.8 = Feet Meters x = Inches Meters x.09 = Yards Miles x = Feet Miles x.609 = Kilometers Millimeters x = Inches Yards x.9 = Meters Circular mils x 7.85x0-7 = Square inches Circular mils x.785 = Square mils Square centimeters x.55 = Square inches Square feet x.0 = Square inches Square feet x.099 = Square meters Square inches x 6.5 = Square centimeters Square meters x 0.76 = Square feet Square meters x.96 = Square yards Square millimeters x.0055 = Square inches Square mils x.73 = Circular mils Square yards x.836 = Square meters Cubic centimeters x.06 = Cubic inches Cubic feet x.083 = Cubic meters Cubic feet x 7.8 = Gallons Cubic inches x.55 = Ounces (fluid) Cubic meters x 35.3 = Cubic feet Cubic meters x.308 = Cubic yards Cubic meters x 6. = Gallons Cubic yards x.766 = Cubic meters Gallons x.337 = Cubic feet Gallons x = Liters Liters x.6 = Gallons Liters x.057 = Quarts (liquid) Ounces (fluid) x.805 = Cubic inches Quarts (liquid) x.963 = Liters 0