Direct Current Motors
|
|
- Grant Thornton
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Direct Current Motors DC MOTORS The DC machine can operate as a generator and as a motor. Chap 5. Electrical Machines by Wildi, 6 e Lecturer: R. Alba-Flores Alfred State College Spring 2008 When a DC machine operates as a generator, the input to the machine is mechanical power and the output is electrical power. A prime mover rotates the armature of the DC machine, and the DC power is generated in the machine. The prime mover can be a gas turbine, a diesel engine or an electrical motor. The main equation that describes both machines is: E o = Z Φ n/ 60 When the DC machines operates as a motor, the input to the machine is electrical power and the output is mechanical power. If the armature is connected to a DC supply, the motor will develop mechanical torque and power. DC motors can provide a wide range of accurate speed and torque control. In both modes of operation (generator and motor) the armature winding rotates in the magnetic filed and carries current. E o voltage between brushes (or induced voltage) (volts) Z total number of conductors on the armature Φ magnetic flux per pole (Webers) n speed of rotation (rpm) Example 1: DC generator The armature of a 1200 rpm generator has 12 slots. Each coil has 15 turns and the flux per pole is 0.04 Wb. Calculate the induced voltage in the generator. DC motors are built the same way as generators. Consider the following permanent magnet DC generator E o = Z Φ n/ 60 Z = (12 coils) * (15 turns/coil) * (2 conductors/turn) = 360 conductors Eo = Z Φ n / 60 = (360)*(0.04)*(1200) / 60 = 288 volts Z total number of conductors on the armature Assume the armature is initially at rest and a DC source E S is connected. The armature has a resistance R and the magnetic field is created by a set of permanent magnets. As soon as the switch is closed, a large current flows in the armature because its resistance is very low. The forces between the permanent magnet and the magnetic field created by the current in the armature will create a Torque, causing the armature to rotate.
2 As soon as the armature begins to turn, an induced voltage E o is generated. E o = Z Φ n/ 60 In the case of a motor, the induced voltage E o is called counterelectromotive force (cemf) because its polarity always acts against the source of voltage E s The net voltage acting in the armature circuit is ( E s E o ) and therefore the resulting armature current is I = ( E s E o ) / R When the motor is at rest, the induced voltage E o = 0, so that the starting current is I = E s / R As the speed increases, E o, increases and the armature current decreases. Although the armature current decreases, the motor continues to accelerates until it reaches a maximum speed. At no-load this speed is produced by a E o slightly less that E s Note that the starting current may be 20 to 30 times greater than the nominal full-load current in the motor. This will produce a powerful starting torque and a rapid acceleration of the armature. However, protection circuit should be added to avoid damaging the motor. Example 2: DC motor The armature of a permanent-magnet DC generator has a resistance of 3 ohms and generates a voltage of 100 volts when the speed is 1000 rpm. If the armature is connected to a source of 150 volts, calculate a) The starting current b) The counter EMF when the motor runs at 1200 rpm and at 1400 rpm. c) The armature current at 1200 rpm d) The armature current at 1400 rpm b) Because Eo = rpm; therefore Eo = rpm, and Eo = rpm c) The net voltage in the armature circuit at 1200rpm is Es Eo = = 30 V The corresponding armature current is a) Eo is called the counter-electromotive force (cemf) because its polarity always acts against the source voltage Es When the motor is at rest, I = Es / Ra (starting current) = 150/3 = 50 amperes I = (Es Eo)/Ra = 30 / 3 = 10 A d) When the motor speed reaches 1400 rpm, the cemf will be 140 V, almost equal to the source voltage. Under this conditions, the armature current is I = (Es Eo)/Ra = 10 / 3 = 3.33 A Therefore the corresponding motor torque is much smaller than before. Mechanical Power and Torque Eo = Z Φ n/ Z - total number of conductors in the armature Φ - flux per pole (Weber) I = (Es Eo)/Ra n - speed of rotation (rpm) The electrical power supplied to the armature is: Pa = Es I Pa = (Eo +I Ra) I = Eo I+I 2 Ra I 2 Ra is the heat dissipated in the armature Eo I is the electrical power that is converted into mechanical power ( this is the cemf multiplied by the armature current) Torque The mechanical power Pm is given by P m = n T / 9.55 Combining eqs. 1,2 and 3 we can solve for the torque Pm =mechanical power (watts) T = torque (Newton-meter) n = speed of rotation ( rpm ) 9.55 is a constant for units (= 30 / π) T = Z Φ I / 2π P = E o I P Mechnaical power developed by the motor (Watts) Eo Induced voltage in the armature (cemf) (volts) I Total current supplied to the armature (amperes)
3 Eo = Z Φ n/ 60 Speed of Rotation In general Eo Es, therefore Es = Z Φ n / 60, and Armature Speed Control If the flux Φ per pole is kept constant, then the speed of the motor n depends only on the armature voltage Es By incrementing or decrementing Es the motor speed can be controlled. n - speed of rotation (rpm) Es - Armature voltage (volts) Z - total number of armature conductors Φ - flux per pole Variable speed by armature voltage control was first used in the early 1930s using a system involving a constant speed AC motor driving a DC generator. The generator's DC output was varied using a rheostat to vary the field excitation and the resulting variable voltage DC was used to power the armature circuit of another DC machine used as a motor. This system is called a Ward- Leonard system. Rheostat Speed Control Rheostat in series with the armature The current in the rheostat produces a voltage drop which subtract from the fixed source voltage E s This method enables us to reduce the speed below its nominal speed This method is only recommended for small motors because a lot of power and heat is wasted in the rheostat, and the overall efficiency is low. Field Speed Control Varying Φ and keeping Es constant Here a rheostat R f is connected in series with the field. As Ix diminish, the flux Φ will diminish, therefore the speed will increase. Despite the weaker filed, the motor develops a greater torque. It will accelerate until Eo is again almost equal to Es. This method is used when the motor has to run above its rated speed. Shunt Motor Under Load Consider a shunt motor rotating at 1200 rpm that is fed by a 120V source. Assume that the line current is 50 A and the shunt-field resistance is 100 ohms. If the armature resistance is 0.2 ohms calculate a) The field current b) The current in the armature c) The cemf d) The mechanical power developed by the motor (hp) R shunt field = 100 ohms Ra = 0.2 ohms I = 50 A Es = 120 V I x = Ia = Eo = P = a) The field current is Ix = 120 / 100 = 1.2 A The armature current is Ia = = 48.8 A b) The voltage drop due to armature resistance is Ia Ra = 48.8 (0.2) = 9.76 V The cemf generated by the armature is Eo = = V
4 C) Series Motor The total power supplied to the motor is Pi = E I = 120 (50) = 6000 W The voltage across the armature is E = 120 V The power absorbed by the armature is Pa = E Ia = 120 (48.8) = 5856 W The power dissipated in the armature is P = Ia 2 R = (48.8) 2 (0.2) = W The Mechanical Power developed by the armature is Pmech = Pa -P = = W Pmech = / 746 = 7.2 hp In this type of motors the field is connected in series with the armature and therefore it must carry the full armature current. When the current is large, the flux is large. If the load current drops to half its normal value, the flux diminish by half so the speed doubles Eo = Z Φ n/ 60 n = 60 Eo / Z Φ Z - total number of conductors in the armature Φ - flux per pole (Weber) n - speed of rotation (rpm) Series motors are used on equipment requiring a high starting torque They are also used to drive devices which must run at high speed at light loads Series Motor (cont.) This series field is composed of a few turns of wire having a cross section sufficient large to carry the current In a series motor the magnetic flux per pole depends upon the armature current and hence, upon the load. (In a shunt motor the magnetic flux per pole is constant). In a series motor at full-load, the flux per pole is the same as that of a shunt motor of identical power and speed. When the series motor starts up, the armature current is higher than normal, therefore the flux per pole is also greater than normal. The starting torque of a series motor is much greater that that of a shunt motor. Series Motor (cont.) If the series motor operates at less that full-load, the armature current and the flux per pole are smaller than normal, and therefore, the speed rise. Care has to be taken if the load is small because the speed may rise to dangerous high values. Series motors must NEVER be operated at no-load Per-unit typical curves series and a shunt motors Example A 15 hp, 240 V, 1780 rpm DC series motor has a full-load rated current of 54 amperes. Assume that its operating characteristics are given by the previous per-unit curve. Compute a) The current and speed when the load torque is 24 N-m b) The efficiency under this conditions Typical speed-torque and current-torque characteristic of a series motor Typical speed-torque and current-torque characteristic of a shunt motor For a full load we have: base power: P = 15hp = (15)*(746) = kw base current: I = 54 A base speed: n = 1780 rpm base torque: T = 9.55 P / n = 9.55*(11.190kW)/1780 rpm = 60 N-m a) A load torque T = 24 N-m, means a per-unit value T(pu) = 24/60 = 0.4 From the per-unit curve we see that for T(pu)= 0.4, we have a speed of 1.4 pu n = n(pu) * n = 1.4 *(1780 rpm) = 2492 rpm From the per-unit curve we see that for T(pu)= 0.4, we have a current of 0.6 pu I = I(pu) * I = 0.6*(54A) = 32.4 A
5 b) For the efficiency we have: Compound Motor Mechanical power: Electrical power: Po = n T / 9.55 = 2492 *(24) / 9.55 = 6263 W Pi = E I = 240 * (32.4) = 7776 W Efficiency: η = Po / Pi = 6263 W / 7776 W = = 80.5 % A Compound DC Motor has a series field and a shunt field. When a compound motor runs at no-load, the armature current I a in the series is low and the mmf of the series field is negligible. However the shunt field is fully excited by current I x and so the motor behaves like a shunt machine: it does not tend to run away at no-load. Compound Motor (cont.) As the load increases, the mmf of the series increases but the mmf of the shunt field remains constant. The total mmf is greater under load that at no-load. The motor speed falls with increasing load and the speed drop from no-load to full-load. Differential Compound Motor If the series field is connected so that it opposes the shunt field, we obtain a Differential Compound Motor. In the differential compound motor, the total mmf decreases with increasing load. The motor speed rises as the load increases, and this may lead to instability. The differential compound motor has very few applications. Typical Speed-Torque characteristics of various DC motors Reversing the direction of rotation of a DC motor To reverse the direction of rotation reverse the armature connections reverse the shunt and series field connections Original connections of a compound motor Reversing the armature connections to reverse the direction of rotation Reversing the field connections to reverse the direction of rotation
6 Starting a Shunt Motor It we apply full voltage to a stationary shunt motor, the starting current in the armature will be very high and the we run the risk of: burning out the armature damaging the commutator and brushes, due to heavy sparking snapping off the shaft due to mechanical shock damaging the driven equipment because of the sudden mechanical shock One way is to connect a rheostat in series with the armature. The resistance is gradually reduced as the motor accelerates and is eventually eliminated entirely when the machine has attained full speed. A manual face-plate starter for a shunt motor is: Therefore all DC motors must be provided with a means to limit the starting current to reasonable values, usually between 1½ to 2 the full-load current. Cooper contacts are connected to current-limited resistors (R1, R2, etc.) The voltage Es immediately causes full field current I x to flow, but the armature current I is limited by the four resistors in the starter box. The motor begins to turn and, as the cemf E o builds up, the armature current decrements. When the motor speed reaches a constant value, the contact arm is pulled to the next contact, removing resistor R1 from the armature circuit. Therefore the current jumps to a higher value and the motor starts accelerating again to the next highest speed. When the contact arm touches the last contact, the arm is magnetically held in this position by a small electromagnet which is in series with the shunt field. If the supply voltage is suddenly interrupted, or if the field excitation is cut, the electromagnet releases the contact arm, allowing it to return to its initial position. Stopping a Motor Dynamic Braking When a large DC motor is coupled to a heavy inertial load, it may take an hour or more for the system to come to a halt. One way to brake the motor is by mechanical friction A more practical way is to brake the motor electrically, this is done by circulating a reverse current in the armature Dynamic Braking Plugging If the switch is suddenly open, the motor will continue to turn, but its speed will gradually drop due to friction. Because the shunt is still excited then E o continues to exists and the motor behaves as a generator. Now if the switch is closed to connect the external resistor R. The voltage E o will produce an armature current I 2. This current flows in the opposite direction to the original current I 1. A reverse torque is developed and this will bring the machine to a rapid and smooth stop.
7 Dynamic Braking In practice R is chosen so that the initial braking current is about twice the rated motor current. Then the initial braking torque is twice the normal torque of the motor. The speed drops quickly at first and then more slowly, as the armature comes to a halt. Plugging A DC motor can be stopped more rapidly by using the method called Plugging. It consists of suddenly reversing the armature currents by reversing the terminals of the source: The net voltage acting on the armature circuit becomes (Eo + Es) This net voltage would produce an enormous reverse current, around 50 times greater than the full-load armature current. This current will destroy the machine. To prevent this, a resistor R in series with the reversing circuit is added. Speed versus time curves for various braking methods
Motors and Generators
Motors and Generators Electro-mechanical devices: convert electrical energy to mechanical motion/work and vice versa Operate on the coupling between currentcarrying conductors and magnetic fields Governed
More informationLab 8: DC generators: shunt, series, and compounded.
Lab 8: DC generators: shunt, series, and compounded. Objective: to study the properties of DC generators under no-load and full-load conditions; to learn how to connect these generators; to obtain their
More informationMotor Fundamentals. DC Motor
Motor Fundamentals Before we can examine the function of a drive, we must understand the basic operation of the motor. It is used to convert the electrical energy, supplied by the controller, to mechanical
More informationDIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS
DIRECT CURRENT GENERATORS Revision 12:50 14 Nov 05 INTRODUCTION A generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by using the principle of magnetic induction. This principle
More informationDC GENERATOR THEORY. LIST the three conditions necessary to induce a voltage into a conductor.
DC Generators DC generators are widely used to produce a DC voltage. The amount of voltage produced depends on a variety of factors. EO 1.5 LIST the three conditions necessary to induce a voltage into
More informationApplication Information
Moog Components Group manufactures a comprehensive line of brush-type and brushless motors, as well as brushless controllers. The purpose of this document is to provide a guide for the selection and application
More informationEquipment: Power Supply, DAI, Wound rotor induction motor (8231), Electrodynamometer (8960), timing belt.
Lab 13: Wound rotor induction motor. Objective: to examine the construction of a 3-phase wound rotor induction motor; to understand exciting current, synchronous speed and slip in this motor; to determine
More informationEquipment: Power Supply, DAI, Universal motor (8254), Electrodynamometer (8960), timing belt.
Lab 12: The universal motor. Objective: to examine the construction of the universal motor; to determine its no-load and full-load characteristics while operating on AC; to determine its no-load and full-load
More informationPrinciples and Working of DC and AC machines
BITS Pilani Dubai Campus Principles and Working of DC and AC machines Dr Jagadish Nayak Constructional features BITS Pilani Dubai Campus DC Generator A generator consists of a stationary portion called
More informationDHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE2302 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES II UNIT-I SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
1 DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Constructional details Types of rotors EE2302 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES II UNIT-I SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR PART A 1.
More informationEquipment: Power Supply, DAI, Synchronous motor (8241), Electrodynamometer (8960), Tachometer, Timing belt.
Lab 9: Synchronous motor. Objective: to examine the design of a 3-phase synchronous motor; to learn how to connect it; to obtain its starting characteristic; to determine the full-load characteristic of
More information8 Speed control of Induction Machines
8 Speed control of Induction Machines We have seen the speed torque characteristic of the machine. In the stable region of operation in the motoring mode, the curve is rather steep and goes from zero torque
More informationInduction Motor Theory
PDHonline Course E176 (3 PDH) Induction Motor Theory Instructor: Jerry R. Bednarczyk, P.E. 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.pdhonline.org
More informationInductance. Motors. Generators
Inductance Motors Generators Self-inductance Self-inductance occurs when the changing flux through a circuit arises from the circuit itself. As the current increases, the magnetic flux through a loop due
More informationLab 14: 3-phase alternator.
Lab 14: 3-phase alternator. Objective: to obtain the no-load saturation curve of the alternator; to determine the voltage regulation characteristic of the alternator with resistive, capacitive, and inductive
More informationUNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ME269 ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES AND POWER PROCESSING.
UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ME269 ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES AND POWER PROCESSING. Group # First Name Last Name UserID @uwaterloo.ca Experiment #3: DIRECT CURRENT
More informationSYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES The geometry of a synchronous machine is quite similar to that of the induction machine. The stator core and windings of a three-phase synchronous machine are practically identical
More information2. A conductor of length 2m moves at 4m/s at 30 to a uniform magnetic field of 0.1T. Which one of the following gives the e.m.f. generated?
Extra Questions - 2 1. A straight length of wire moves through a uniform magnetic field. The e.m.f. produced across the ends of the wire will be maximum if it moves: a) along the lines of magnetic flux
More information1. The diagram below represents magnetic lines of force within a region of space.
1. The diagram below represents magnetic lines of force within a region of space. 4. In which diagram below is the magnetic flux density at point P greatest? (1) (3) (2) (4) The magnetic field is strongest
More informationLinear DC Motors. 15.1 Magnetic Flux. 15.1.1 Permanent Bar Magnets
Linear DC Motors The purpose of this supplement is to present the basic material needed to understand the operation of simple DC motors. This is intended to be used as the reference material for the linear
More informationChen. Vibration Motor. Application note
Vibration Motor Application note Yangyi Chen April 4 th, 2013 1 Table of Contents Pages Executive Summary ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1. Table
More informationThe DC Motor/Generator Commutation Mystery. Commutation and Brushes. DC Machine Basics
The DC Motor/Generator Commutation Mystery One small, yet vital piece of the DC electric motor puzzle is the carbon brush. Using the correct carbon brush is a key component for outstanding motor life,
More informationPS-6.2 Explain the factors that determine potential and kinetic energy and the transformation of one to the other.
PS-6.1 Explain how the law of conservation of energy applies to the transformation of various forms of energy (including mechanical energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, light energy, sound energy,
More informationINSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL TUTORIAL 2 ELECTRIC ACTUATORS
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL TUTORIAL 2 ELECTRIC ACTUATORS This is a stand alone tutorial on electric motors and actuators. The tutorial is of interest to any student studying control systems and in particular
More information13 ELECTRIC MOTORS. 13.1 Basic Relations
13 ELECTRIC MOTORS Modern underwater vehicles and surface vessels are making increased use of electrical actuators, for all range of tasks including weaponry, control surfaces, and main propulsion. This
More informationIntroduction. related products. Upon completion of Basics of DC Drives you will be able to: Explain the concepts of force, inertia, speed, and torque
Table of Contents Introduction...2 Totally Integrated Automation and DC Drives...4 Mechanical Basics...6 DC Motors... 12 Basic DC Motor Operation... 15 Types of DC Motors...20 DC Motor Ratings...23 Speed/Torque
More informationInduced voltages and Inductance Faraday s Law
Induced voltages and Inductance Faraday s Law concept #1, 4, 5, 8, 13 Problem # 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 15, 24, 23, 25, 31, 32a, 34, 37, 41, 43, 51, 61 Last chapter we saw that a current produces a magnetic
More informationTuning Up DC Motors and Generators for Commutation and Performance
Tuning Up DC Motors and Generators for Commutation and Performance Rich Hall- National Electrical Carbon Western Mining Electrical Association June 8, 2007, Billings Montana Sometimes your machine may
More informationBasics of Electricity
Basics of Electricity Generator Theory PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM 2014 8/6/2013 Objectives The student will be able to: Describe the process of electromagnetic induction Identify the major components
More informationDC MOTOR ANALYSIS & TROUBLESHOOTING
DC MOTOR ANALYSIS & TROUBLESHOOTING By Don Shaw Condition assessment of DC motors requires a basic understanding of the design and operating characteristics of the various types available: the series motor,
More information*ADVANCED ELECTRIC GENERATOR & CONTROL FOR HIGH SPEED MICRO/MINI TURBINE BASED POWER SYSTEMS
*ADVANCED ELECTRIC GENERATOR & CONTROL FOR HIGH SPEED MICRO/MINI TURBINE BASED POWER SYSTEMS Jay Vaidya, President Electrodynamics Associates, Inc. 409 Eastbridge Drive, Oviedo, FL 32765 and Earl Gregory,
More informationPowerFlex Dynamic Braking Resistor Calculator
Application Technique PowerFlex Dynamic Braking Resistor Calculator Catalog Numbers 20A, 20B, 20F, 20G, 22A, 22B Important User Information Solid-state equipment has operational characteristics differing
More informationSynchronous motor. Type. Non-excited motors
Synchronous motor A synchronous electric motor is an AC motor in which the rotation rate of the shaft is synchronized with the frequency of the AC supply current; the rotation period is exactly equal to
More informationHow To Understand And Understand The Electrical Power System
DOE-HDBK-1011/4-92 JUNE 1992 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Volume 4 of 4 U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 FSC-6910 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release;
More informationGOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BARGUR
UNIT NAME NO OF QNS 1A DC GENERATORS 124 1B DC MOTORS 123 2 TRANSFORMERS 135 THREE PHASE INDUCTION 3A MOTORS 101 SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION 3B MOTORS 110 4 SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS 124 TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
More informationSTUDY GUIDE: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
319 S. Naperville Road Wheaton, IL 60187 www.questionsgalore.net Phone: (630) 580-5735 E-Mail: info@questionsgalore.net Fax: (630) 580-5765 STUDY GUIDE: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM An atom is made of three
More informationIntroduction. Upon completion of Basics of AC Motors you should be able to:
Table of Contents Introduction...2 AC Motors...4 Force and Motion...6 AC Motor Construction... 12 Magnetism... 17 Electromagnetism... 19 Developing a Rotating Magnetic Field...24 Rotor Rotation...29 Motor
More informationBrush DC Motor Basics. by Simon Pata Business Unit Manager, Brushless DC
thinkmotion Brush DC Motor Basics by Simon Pata Business Unit Manager, Brushless DC Ironless DC Motor Basics Technical Note Brushed DC ironless motors are found in a large variety of products and applications
More informationSHIP SERVICE GENERATORS (AC)
CHAPTER 14 SHIP SERVICE GENERATORS (AC) INTRODUCTION All generators change mechanical energy into electrical energy. This is the easiest way to transfer power over distances. Fuel is used to operate the
More informationIntroduction. Three-phase induction motors are the most common and frequently encountered machines in industry
Induction Motors Introduction Three-phase induction motors are the most common and frequently encountered machines in industry - simple design, rugged, low-price, easy maintenance - wide range of power
More informationELECTRODYNAMICS 05 AUGUST 2014
ELECTRODYNAMICS 05 AUGUST 2014 In this lesson we: Lesson Description Discuss the motor effect Discuss how generators and motors work. Summary The Motor Effect In order to realise the motor effect, the
More informationWelcome to Linear Controls Quarterly Training
Welcome to Linear Controls Quarterly Training Introduction to Power Generation Objectives Supply attendees with basic knowledge of power generators and voltage regulators and provide the fundamentals of
More informationDirection of Induced Current
Direction of Induced Current Bar magnet moves through coil Current induced in coil A S N v Reverse pole Induced current changes sign B N S v v Coil moves past fixed bar magnet Current induced in coil as
More informationSingle-Phase AC Synchronous Generator
ST Series Single-Phase AC Synchronous Generator Instructions for Operation and Maintenance English to English translation by R.G. Keen, May 2004. ST Series of Single-Phase AC Synchronous Generators Description
More informationA New Design of Permanent Magnets Reluctance Generator Andi Pawawoi, Syafii
A New Design of Permanent Magnets Reluctance Generator Andi Pawawoi, Syafii Abstract Instantaneous electromagnetic torque of simple reflectance generator can be positive at a time and negative at other
More informationDC generator theory. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
DC generator theory This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS AND THEIR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Many mechanical energy systems are devoted to transfer of energy between two points: the source or prime mover (input) and the load (output). For chemical
More informationVOLTAGE REGULATOR AND PARALLEL OPERATION
VOLTAGE REGULATOR AND PARALLEL OPERATION Generator sets are operated in parallel to improve fuel economy and reliability of the power supply. Economy is improved with multiple paralleled generators by
More informationDrive circuit basics + V. τ e. Industrial Circuits Application Note. Winding resistance and inductance
ndustrial Circuits Application Note Drive circuit basics For a given size of a stepper motor, a limited space is available for the windings. n the process of optimizing a stepper motor drive system, an
More informationSECTION 4 ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT 17: TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS
SECTION 4 ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT 17: TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the reader should be able to Describe the different types of open single-phase motors used to drive
More informationNO LOAD & BLOCK ROTOR TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
INDEX NO. : M-142 TECHNICAL MANUAL FOR NO LOAD & BLOCK ROTOR TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR Manufactured by : PREMIER TRADING CORPORATION (An ISO 9001:2000 Certified Company) 212/1, Mansarover Civil
More informationUNIT 3 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
UNIT 3 AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Automobile Electrical Structure 3.1 Introduction Objectives 3.2 Ignition System 3.3 Requirement of an Ignition System 3.4 Types of Ignition 3.4.1 Battery or Coil Ignition
More informationPreview of Period 16: Motors and Generators
Preview of Period 16: Motors and Generators 16.1 DC Electric Motors What causes the rotor of a motor to spin? 16.2 Simple DC Motors What causes a changing magnetic field in the simple coil motor? 16.3
More informationTips For Selecting DC Motors For Your Mobile Robot
Tips For Selecting DC Motors For Your Mobile Robot By AJ Neal When building a mobile robot, selecting the drive motors is one of the most important decisions you will make. It is a perfect example of an
More informationAC generator theory. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
AC generator theory This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationMILWAUKEE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING LABORATORY SESSION 5 MAGNETIZATION CURVE OF A DC GENERATOR
ILWUKEE SCHL F ENGINEEING LBTY SESSIN 5 GNETIZTIN CUE F DC GENET CUTIN: High voltages are present in this Laboratory Experiment! Do not make any connections with the power on! The power must be turned
More informationCHAPTER 5 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
CHPTER 5 SYNCHRONOUS GENERTOR Summary: 1. Synchronous Generator Construction 2. The Speed of Rotation of a Synchronous Generator 3. The Internal Generated Voltage of a Synchronous Generator 4. The Equivalent
More informationUnit 33 Three-Phase Motors
Unit 33 Three-Phase Motors Objectives: Discuss the operation of wound rotor motors. Discuss the operation of selsyn motors. Discuss the operation of synchronous motors. Determine the direction of rotation
More informationKeywords: synchronous generator, synchronous motor, automatic voltage regulator, V- curves, synchronizing power, hunting, excitation system
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES Tze-Fun Chan Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China Keywords: synchronous generator, synchronous motor, automatic voltage regulator, V- curves, synchronizing power, hunting,
More informationChapter 11. Inductors ISU EE. C.Y. Lee
Chapter 11 Inductors Objectives Describe the basic structure and characteristics of an inductor Discuss various types of inductors Analyze series inductors Analyze parallel inductors Analyze inductive
More informationAC Generators and Motors
AC Generators and Motors Course No: E03-008 Credit: 3 PDH A. Bhatia Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F: (877) 322-4774 info@cedengineering.com
More informationMagnetic electro-mechanical machines
Magnetic electro-mechanical machines Lorentz Force A magnetic field exerts force on a moving charge. The Lorentz equation: f = q(e + v B) f: force exerted on charge q E: electric field strength v: velocity
More informationProf. Krishna Vasudevan, Prof. G. Sridhara Rao, Prof. P. Sasidhara Rao
6 Synchronous motor 6.1 Principle of operation In order to understand the principle of operation of a synchronous motor, let us examine what happens if we connect the armature winding (laid out in the
More informationSimple Analysis for Brushless DC Motors Case Study: Razor Scooter Wheel Motor
Simple Analysis for Brushless DC Motors Case Study: Razor Scooter Wheel Motor At first glance, a brushless direct-current (BLDC) motor might seem more complicated than a permanent magnet brushed DC motor,
More informationSimulation of Electric Drives using the Machines Library and the SmartElectricDrives Library
Simulation of Electric Drives using the Machines Library and the SmartElectricDrives Library J.V. Gragger, H. Giuliani, H. Kapeller, T. Bäuml arsenal research, Vienna 04.09.2006 1 Contents Chapter 1: The
More informationA Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices
A Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices Part PatD5: Last updated: 28th January 2006 Author: Patrick J. Kelly Please note that this is a re-worded excerpt from this patent. It describes a self-contained
More informationAND8008/D. Solid State Control Solutions for Three Phase 1 HP Motor APPLICATION NOTE
Solid State Control Solutions for Three Phase 1 HP Motor APPLICATION NOTE INTRODUCTION In all kinds of manufacturing, it is very common to have equipment that has three phase motors for doing different
More informationIV. Three-Phase Induction Machines. Induction Machines
IV. Three-Phase Induction Machines Induction Machines 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Example 1: A 480V, 60 Hz, 6-pole, three-phase, delta-connected induction motor has the following parameters: R 1 =0.461
More informationGENERATOR SELECTION. a. Three phase - 120/208V, 3 phase, 4W wye; 277/408, 3 phase, 4W wye; * 120/240V 3 phase, 4W Delta
GENERATOR SELECTION Generators must be sized to handle their load based on the continuous KW, kilowatt load, and KVA, kilovoltamp load, and the worst case starting load KW + KVA. They must be derated for
More informationAC Generators. Basic Generator
AC Generators Basic Generator A basic generator consists of a magnetic field, an armature, slip rings, brushes and a resistive load. The magnetic field is usually an electromagnet. An armature is any number
More informationTechnical Guide No. 100. High Performance Drives -- speed and torque regulation
Technical Guide No. 100 High Performance Drives -- speed and torque regulation Process Regulator Speed Regulator Torque Regulator Process Technical Guide: The illustrations, charts and examples given in
More informationUSE OF ARNO CONVERTER AND MOTOR-GENERATOR SET TO CONVERT A SINGLE-PHASE AC SUPPLY TO A THREE-PHASE AC FOR CONTROLLING THE SPEED OF A THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR BY USING A THREE-PHASE TO THREE-PHASE CYCLOCONVERTER
International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April, 2016, pp.19-28, Article ID: IJEET_07_02_003 Available online at http:// http://www.iaeme.com/ijeet/issues.asp?jtype=ijeet&vtype=7&itype=2
More informationPower Quality Paper #3
The Effect of Voltage Dips On Induction Motors by: M D McCulloch 1. INTRODUCTION Voltage depressions caused by faults on the system affect the performance of induction motors, in terms of the production
More informationEvaluating Induction Motor Rotor Bars with Electrical Signature Analysis
Evaluating Induction Motor Rotor Bars with Electrical Signature Analysis Howard W Penrose, Ph.D., CMRP SUCCESS by DESIGN Reliability Services Hello and welcome to our presentation on Evaluating Induction
More informationEðlisfræði 2, vor 2007
[ Assignment View ] [ Print ] Eðlisfræði 2, vor 2007 30. Inductance Assignment is due at 2:00am on Wednesday, March 14, 2007 Credit for problems submitted late will decrease to 0% after the deadline has
More informationEdmund Li. Where is defined as the mutual inductance between and and has the SI units of Henries (H).
INDUCTANCE MUTUAL INDUCTANCE If we consider two neighbouring closed loops and with bounding surfaces respectively then a current through will create a magnetic field which will link with as the flux passes
More informationAP Physics Electricity and Magnetism #4 Electrical Circuits, Kirchoff s Rules
Name Period AP Physics Electricity and Magnetism #4 Electrical Circuits, Kirchoff s Rules Dr. Campbell 1. Four 240 Ω light bulbs are connected in series. What is the total resistance of the circuit? What
More informationCOMPUTER AIDED ELECTRICAL DRAWING (CAED) 10EE65
COMPUTER AIDED ELECTRICAL DRAWING (CAED) EE Winding Diagrams: (i) DC Winding diagrams (ii) AC Winding Diagrams Terminologies used in winding diagrams: Conductor: An individual piece of wire placed in the
More informationABB ! CAUTION. Type COQ Negative Sequence Generator Relay. (50/60 Hertz) 41-161J. Instruction Leaflet
ABB Instruction Leaflet 41-161J Effective: May 1997 Supersedes I.L. 41-161H Dated July 1984 ( ) Denotes Change Since Previous Issue Type COQ Negative Sequence Generator Relay (50/60 Hertz)! CAUTION Before
More informationTHE LUCAS C40 DYNAMO & ITS ARMATURE.
THE LUCAS C40 DYNAMO & ITS ARMATURE. H. Holden, March 2011. The Dynamo as a DC generating machine was used extensively in the pre- Alternator era, from the early 1900 s up to the late 1960 s and early
More informationVariable Voltage Made Easy Using Print No. C-1469-A by Joseph C. Tamsitt Edited by Robert S. Caporale, MSc
Continuing Education: Variable Voltage Variable Voltage Made Easy Using Print No. C-1469-A by Joseph C. Tamsitt Edited by Robert S. Caporale, MSc Learning Objectives After reading this article, you should
More informationCHAPTER 4 DESIGN OF INTEGRAL SLOT AND FRACTIONAL SLOT BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
47 CHAPTER 4 DESIGN OF INTEGRAL SLOT AND FRACTIONAL SLOT BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR 4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the design of 24 slots 8 poles, 48 slots 16 poles and 60 slots 16 poles brushless dc
More informationThree-Phase Induction Motor
EXPERIMENT Induction motor Three-Phase Induction Motors 208V LL OBJECTIVE This experiment demonstrates the performance of squirrel-cage induction motors and the method for deriving electrical equivalent
More informationSynchronous generators are built in large units, their rating ranging from tens to hundreds of megawatts.
II. Synchronous Generators Synchronous machines are principally used as alternating current (AC) generators. They supply the electric power used by all sectors of modern societies: industrial, commercial,
More informationLast time : energy storage elements capacitor.
Last time : energy storage elements capacitor. Charge on plates Energy stored in the form of electric field Passive sign convention Vlt Voltage drop across real capacitor can not change abruptly because
More informationCharger Output AC Ripple Voltage and the affect on VRLA batteries
TECHNICAL BULLETIN 41-2131 Charger Output AC Ripple Voltage and the affect on VRLA batteries Please Note: The information in this technical bulletin was developed for C&D Dynasty 12 Volt VRLA products.
More informationKINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM BY MEANS OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE
ADVANCED ENGINEERING 3(2009)1, ISSN 1846-5900 KINETIC ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM BY MEANS OF FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE Cibulka, J. Abstract: This paper deals with the design of Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems
More informationTransformer circuit calculations
Transformer circuit calculations This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationSX460. Generator Automatic Voltage Regulator Operation Manual
SX460 Generator Automatic Voltage Regulator Operation Manual Self Excited Automatic Voltage Regulator Compatible with Newage SX460* * Use for reference purpose only and not a genuine Newage product. 1.
More informationElectric Motors and Drives
EML 2322L MAE Design and Manufacturing Laboratory Electric Motors and Drives To calculate the peak power and torque produced by an electric motor, you will need to know the following: Motor supply voltage,
More informationAC Induction Motor Slip What It Is And How To Minimize It
AC Induction Motor Slip What It Is And How To Minimize It Mauri Peltola, ABB Oy, Helsinki, Finland The alternating current (AC) induction motor is often referred to as the workhorse of the industry because
More informationWhat Is Regeneration?
What Is Regeneration? Braking / Regeneration Manual Regeneration Overview Revision 1.0 When the rotor of an induction motor turns slower than the speed set by the applied frequency, the motor is transforming
More informationSection 10. Application Manual for NEMA Motors. Special Applications
Special Applications 1 Power Factor Correction 1 Methods of Starting 3AC Induction Motors 5 3 Duty Cycles and Inertia 3 4 Horsepower Determination 30 5 Formulas and General Data 34 Power Factor Correction
More informationSeries and Parallel Circuits
Series and Parallel Circuits Components in a circuit can be connected in series or parallel. A series arrangement of components is where they are inline with each other, i.e. connected end-to-end. A parallel
More informationPermanent Magnet DC Motor
Electricity and New Energy Permanent Magnet DC Motor Courseware Sample 86357-F0 Order no.: 86357-10 Revision level: 12/2014 By the staff of Festo Didactic Festo Didactic Ltée/Ltd, Quebec, Canada 2011 Internet:
More informationElectroMagnetic Induction. AP Physics B
ElectroMagnetic Induction AP Physics B What is E/M Induction? Electromagnetic Induction is the process of using magnetic fields to produce voltage, and in a complete circuit, a current. Michael Faraday
More informationUnderstanding the Alternator
http://www.autoshop101.com THIS AUTOMOTIVE SERIES ON ALTERNATORS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY KEVIN R. SULLIVAN PROFESSOR OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY AT SKYLINE COLLEGE SAN BRUNO, CALIFORNIA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
More informationElectric Power in Airplane. Student: Maja Knezev Course ELEN 615, 31 st August 2006
Electric Power in Airplane Student: Maja Knezev Course ELEN 615, 31 st August 2006 Power sources on aircraft engine driven AC generators, auxiliary power units (APUs), external power and ram air turbines.
More informationGLOLAB Two Wire Stepper Motor Positioner
Introduction A simple and inexpensive way to remotely rotate a display or object is with a positioner that uses a stepper motor to rotate it. The motor is driven by a circuit mounted near the motor and
More informationMATHEMATICAL MODELING OF BLDC MOTOR WITH CLOSED LOOP SPEED CONTROL USING PID CONTROLLER UNDER VARIOUS LOADING CONDITIONS
VOL. 7, NO., OCTOBER ISSN 89-668 6- Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF BLDC MOTOR WITH CLOSED LOOP SPEED CONTROL USING PID CONTROLLER UNDER VARIOUS
More information