Electricity Rebels--Creating an Energy Revolution

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1 Electricity Rebels--Creating an Energy Revolution Wörstadt, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

2 What Has Made the Revolution Possible? What Has Empowered the Rebels? Grid Access Priority to Renewables Advanced Renewable Tariffs Desire to Make it Work! Jutland, Denmark

3 Electricity Rebels--the Rallying Cry Wind is a Local Resource. It is Our Resource. And We Want to Make Money from it. --Wolfgang Paulsen (Stromrebelle) Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog, Germany

4 Stromrebellen (Electricity Rebels) Democratizing Generation Creating Local Investment Creating Local Jobs Creating Opportunity--and Hope Denmark, Germany, and France, Minnesota, Ontario and...? Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog, Germany

Creating Opportunity--and Hope Denmark, Germany, and

5 German Farmers New Cash Crops Wind Solar PV Bioas Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog, Germany

6 Elements of Success in Germany Right of Interconnection Right to Sell Electricity Right Price for Fixed Period TWh Generated per Year Solar PV Biogenic Biomass Wind Hydro Renewable Tariffs Launched Advanced Renewable Tariffs (FITs) Launched Year

Biomass Wind Hydro Renewable Tariffs Launched Advanced Renewable Tariffs (FITs)

7 Ownership of Renewables in Germany % Farmers & Individuals Own 27,000 MW! Wind, Solar, & Biogas US Wind: ~35,000 MW Owned by Utilities, Subsidiaries, & Developers Wörstadt, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

8 German Ownership of Wind in 2010: 27,000 MW Individuals Farmers 2% 52% 14,500 MW ~$30 Billion! 21% Developers 7% 16% 2% Utilities Investment Funds Industrial

9 German Ownership of Biogas in 2010: 2,300 MW Developers Utilities Investment Funds Industrial 3% 6% 0% 5% 13% 1,600 MW Individuals Others 0% 72% Farmers USA Biogas: 50 MW!

10 German Ownership of Solar PV in 2010: 17,000 MW Farmers Individuals 21% 39% Developers Utilities 8% 3% 8% 19% 1% 10,000 MW ~$60 Billion! Investment Funds Others Industrial

11 Cost of German EEG (2010) ~$110/yr/household EEG 10% Business Tax 16% Electricity Tax 8% Concession 8% CHP Act 0% Generation 58% BMU: EEG Surcharge 0.023/kWh, 2010.

12 The Farmers of Nordfriesland 0.5% of California 2,000 km2; 165,000 Population 850 MW of Wind 90% Community-Owned 6,000 Investors (4% of Population) <1% of Land Area 1.3 TWh/yr More than Altamont, More than San Gorgonio ~Tehachapi Pass 100 million ($150 million)/yr Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog, Germany

Community-Owned 6,000 Investors (4% of Population) <1% of Land Area 1.

13 French Ownership of Solar PV in 2011: 1,500 MW Residential Central-Station 33% 15% 6% Industrial 14% 27% 1% 3% Commercial Small Business Residential-Farm Farm-Small Business June 2011 Residential-Farm: ~50% + Small Business: ~75%

1% 3% Commercial Small Business Residential-Farm

14 2010 Community Wind in the USA 700 MW of 5,000 MW IOU POU Community 12% 3% 2% 83% IPP Great Britain: 16 MW of 8,000 MW ~0.2%. Relationship is consistent for total capacity of 40,000 MW

15 2012 Community Solar in USA 2,400 MW of 3,900 MW Residential & Other 63% 37% Commercial Only 2 MW of cooperatively-owned solar PV in USA.

16 Building Acceptance Opportunity Must Be Shared Public Must Participate by Creating Equal Opportunity for All For Renewables To Reach Their Potential Husum, Germany

17 Revolutionary: 100% Renewable Dardesheim Today--Electricity Schleswig-Holstein Electricity Rheinland-Pfalz Electricity Scotland Electricity Denmark Energy Druiberg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany

2020--Electricity Rheinland-Pfalz 2030--Electricity

18 Renewable Electricity Targets Comparison % Supply Schleswig-Holstein Denmark Scotland Portugal Spain Germany California Ontario Current Target

Spain Germany California Ontario 3 13 21 20 26 34

19 Rebel Agenda We Want Renewable Energy We Can Do It Ourselves We Bring Our Own Risk Capital and Invest in Our Own Region We Accept the Change in the Landscape that Results Hans-Detlef Feddersen on the Bürgerwind Movement. Landau, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

Accept the Change in the Landscape that Results Hans-Detlef

20 Elements of Successful Electricity Rebels Transparency Cooperation & Compromise Creative Problem Solving Together, We re Strong Hans-Detlef Feddersen on the Bürgerwind Movement. Rockenhausen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

Problem Solving Together, We re Strong Hans-Detlef

21 Renewables Can Scale Quickly Whitelee, Glasgow, Scotland

22 Wind Generation Growth in Selected Markets 14 TWh/year California (40) Ontario (13) Portugal (10) France (60) GB (60) Year Population in Millions Note that France started later than Great Britain but is now comparable.

23 German and Spanish Wind & Solar Generation 50 TWh/year German Wind German Solar Spanish Wind Spanish Solar Year

24 Portugal & California New Renewable Generation % of Supply California Portugal Year

25 Portugal & California Total Renewable Generation % of Supply PT Total RE CA Total RE Year

26 Renewables: Making a Difference Today Daredesheim, Germany

27 French Generation Mix Wind: 2.5% France Generation Mix and Yield 2011 % TWh MW Consumption kwh/kw CF Nuclear , % 6,670 76% Fossil , % 1,842 21% Hydro , % 1,980 23% Wind* , % 1,792 20% Solar PV* 1.8 2, % 807 9% Other 5.6 1, % 4,409 50% Total ,460 4,285 49% Consumption 478 *Not representative as a larger percentage of capacity was installed during the year. France is a net exporter of generation. Net exports to Germany: 2.4 TWh.

28 Renewables & the Great Freeze French Peak Electricity Consumption and the Great Freeze 07-Feb-12 19:00 hours Installed MW % MW Nuclear* 58, % 63,100 Hydro 11, % 25,200 Imports 7, % Other 5, % Oil 5, % Coal 4, % Wind 3, % 6,640 Gas 3, % Peak Demand 99,997 *Three reactors were off line. 2/le-grand-froid-met-le-syst%C3%A8me-%C3 %A9lectrique-en-haute-tension.html

29 Renewables & the Great Freeze German Solar & Wind Penetration February 7, 2012 % of Supply Time

30 Renewables & the Great Freeze Imports to France 07-Feb-12 19:00 hours MW % Great Britain 2, % Germany 1, % hp/provence-cote-dazur-article/item s/blackout-averted.html The Lesson: You can t count on nuclear when you really need it. See also Japan.

31 Advanced Renewable Tariffs Deliver More Capacity-- --More Quickly --More Equitably Enabling Participation --Everyone

32 Great Britain: a Modest Proposal FIT Program Increase Program Cap to 20% Leave Microgeneration Program Untouched Leave ROC Program Untouched Increase Project Size Cap to 20 MW Limit Expanded Program to Community Power Defined as Needed Include Differentiated Wind Tariffs a Must for Equitable Opportunity

33 Renewable Tariff Design Price Differentiation For Different Technologies For Different Applications For Different Sizes For Different Resource Intensities For Wind (Germany, France, & China!) For Solar (France, Oregon)

34 Differentiated Tariffs for Wind Distributed Benefits Only Accrue From Distributed Generation Differentiated Tariffs = Distributed Wind Reduces Pressure on Windiest Sites Profitability Still Higher at Windy Sites Reduces NIMBYism By Enabling Greater Participation San Gorgonio Pass, California

35 French Wind Tariffs Resource Productivity Method Fair Profits at Medium Wind Sites Not Undue Profits at Windy Sites Profitability Index Method (Chabot) Not Discounted Cash Flow Model Igny, Lorraine, France

36 French Wind Tariffs by Specific Yield 0.15 $CAD/kWh Base Medium High Specific Yield (kwh/m2/yr) Chateau de Lastours, France

37 Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec No Time for Half-Measures No Time to Lose

38 Matane, Quebec We Need A Lot More Wind...

39 --A Lot More Geothermal Geothermal, Collina Metalifera, Tuscany, Italy

40 ... A Lot More Solar Hinesburg, Vermont

41 ... A Lot More Renewable Energy Technology for Life* *from N.F.S. Grundtvig, Danish Theologian

42 Renewable Energy The Revolution Has Begun! Manawatu Gorge, New Zealand

Annual Electricity and Heat Questionnaire

Annual Electricity and Heat Questionnaire IEA Statistics Course Pierre Boileau International Energy Agency OVERVIEW Global trends in electricity production 1973-2009 IEA Annual Electricity and Heat Questionnaire