Latch versus Register
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1 Latch versus Register 1 Latch (trasparente su CK=0) stores data when clock is low Clk Q Register stores data when clock rises Clk Q Clk Q Clk Q 1 Master-Slave (Edge-Triggered) Register 2 Master Slave CLK 1 0 Q M 0 1 Q Q M Q CLK CLK Two opposite latches trigger on edge Also called master-slave latch pair 2
2 Latch statico trasparente durante la fase bassa del clock 3 3 Static Register design 4 input data NOT on an high impedance node two clock phases: avoiding clock overlap 4
3 Registro statico master-slave slave Adapted EE141 from J. Rabaey73 et al, igital Integrated Circuits 2nd, 2003 Prentice Hall/Pearson a.a Typical standard cell static register6 Inv1 Inv2 TG1 Inv4 Inv6 Inv3 Inv5 Inv7 Inv8 φ andφ Q and Q locally generated buffered 6
4 Registro statico master-slave slave Clock F and φ generation 8 8
5 Latch dinamico trasparente durante la fase alta del clock 9 CK Inv1 TG1 1 S M Cin,2 Inv2 Q M CK Memory = Cin,2 CK= Vdd, CK = 0 latch trasparente CK = 0, CK = Vdd latch in memorizzazione 9 ynamic master slave register 10 CK CK Inv1 TG1 1 S M Cin,2 Inv2 Q M Inv3 TG1 2 S M2 Cin,4 Inv4 Q CK CK two clock phases: avoiding clock overlap 10
6 Single phase dynamic latch pc2mos trasparente F = Single phase dynamic latch nc2mos trasparente F =Vdd 12 12
7 Registro dinamico master-slave slave PC2MOS NC2MOS Single phase dynamic latch SPLITp trasparente F =0 14 V A1,min = -Vtp 14
8 Single phase dynamic latch SPLITn trasparente F =Vdd 15 V B2,max = Vdd -Vtn 15 Registro dinamico master-slave slave SPLITp-SPLITn SPLITn memorizzazione C Q
9 Registro dinamico TSPC Register Parameters Q Setup e hold sono calcolati rispetto al fronte di campionamento 18 Clk Clk T t hold t su Q t c-q elays can be different for rising and falling data transitions 18
10 Maximum Clock Frequency 19 CLK In R Combinational 1 R Logic 2 X Y Out t clk,q + t p,rc > t hold t clk-q + t p,rc + t setup T ck 19 Setup/Hold Illustrations (dynamic latch) 20 CN Inv1 TG1 1 S M Cin,2 Inv2 Q M CP Memory = Cin,2 CN= Vdd, CP = 0 latch trasparente CN = 0, CP = Vdd latch in memorizzazione 20
11 Setup Illustrations (dynamic latch) 21 Circuit before clock arrival (Setup-1 case) CN TG1 1 S M Inv2 Q M Clk-Q elay Inv1 CP T Clk-Q ata Clock T Setup-1 T Setup-1 t=0 21 Setup Illustrations 22 Circuit before clock arrival (Setup-1 case) CN TG1 1 S M Inv2 Q M Clk-Q elay Inv1 CP T Clk-Q ata Clock T Setup-1 T Setup-1 t=0 22
12 Setup Illustrations 23 Circuit before clock arrival (Setup-1 case) CN TG1 1 S M Inv2 Q M Clk-Q elay Inv1 CP T Clk-Q ata Clock T Setup-1 T Setup-1 t=0 23 Setup Illustrations 24 Circuit before clock arrival (Setup-1 case) CN TG1 1 S M Inv2 Q M Clk-Q elay Inv1 T Clk-Q CP ata Clock T Setup-1 T Setup-1 t=0 24
13 Hold Illustrations 25 Hold-1 case CN TG1 1 S M Inv2 Q M Clk-Q elay Inv1 CP 0 T Clk-Q Clock ata T Hold-1 T Hold-1 t=0 25 Hold Illustrations 26 Hold-1 case CN TG1 1 S M Inv2 Q M Clk-Q elay Inv1 CP 0 T Clk-Q Clock ata T Hold-1 T Hold-1 t=0 26
14 Hold Illustrations 27 Hold-1 case CN TG1 1 S M Inv2 Q M Clk-Q elay Inv1 CP 0 T Clk-Q Clock ata T Hold-1 T Hold-1 t=0 27 Hold Illustrations 28 Hold-1 case CN TG1 1 S M Inv2 Q M Clk-Q elay Inv1 T Clk-Q CP 0 Clock T Hold-1 ata T Hold-1 t=0 28
15 Convenzioni Convenzioni 30 30
16 Registro dinamico master-slave slave PC2MOS-NC2MOS Tsu, =L Tsu =H Registro dinamico master-slave slave 1 memorizzazione C Q1 Q1 Thold =L se =H dopo la commutazione del CK, per non avere errrore M2 deve essere OFF Thold =H se =L dopo la commutazione del CL, per non avere errore M1 deve essere OFF 32 M1 M2 32
17 Registro dinamico master-slave slave 1 memorizzazione C Q1 TCKQ,HL TCKQ,LH Registro statico master-slave slave 1 memorizzazione: bistabile 34 Tsu 34
18 Registro statico master-slave slave 1 35 Thold 35 Registro statico master-slave slave 1 36 T CK,Q 36
19 Latch TSPC1 a precarica durante F = 0 (memorizzazione) F = 0 primo stadio in precarica, uscita in alta impedenza F = Vdd primo stadio in valutazione, uscita segue l ingresso l unica transizione ammessa all ingresso è L-H Registro dinamico TSPC memorizzazione C O1 38 single PC2MOS Latch ntspc1 O2 O1 38
20 Registro dinamico TSPC memorizzazione C O1 Tsu ato = L carica O1 Tsu ato =H scarica O1 (e verificare che la durata della fase bassa del clock assicuri la precarica di O2 ) 39 O2 O1 39 Registro dinamico TSPC memorizzazione C q1 Thold ato =H carica O1 interrotta da M1 Thold ato =L la tensione sul nodo O1 deve rimanere costante durante il transitorio di scarica di O2 40 M1 O1 O2 40
21 Registro dinamico TSPC memorizzazione C q1 TCKQ,LH scarica O2, carica Q0 TCKQ,HL scarica Q0 (O2 è già al valore di precarica) 41 O2 M1 O1 41 area CMOS 0.13um 42 potenza statica (pw) segnale di clock: Cin (pf) durata minima delle fasi alta e bassa del clock (ns) Energia associata alle transizioni del clock per differenti valori di Q e (pj) 42
22 segnale di dato: Cin (pf) 43 Energia associata alle transizioni del dato per differenti valori di Q e del clock (pj) hold time in funzione della durata della transizione del segnale di clock (ns) setup time in funzione della durata della transizione del segnale di clock (ns) T P,CKQ e T slope,out in funzione della capacità di carico e della durata della transizione del segnale di clock 44
23 Convenzioni Esercitazione: progetto registri 46 46
24
25 Non-precharged Latch Parameters 49 Clk Q Clk positive latch T PW m t hold Setup e hold sono calcolati rispetto allo stesso fronte (quello che fa passare dalla fase di trasparenza a quella di memorizzazione) t su Q t c-q t d-q elays can be different for rising and falling data transitions 49 Latch TSPC1 a precarica durante F = 0 (memorizzazione) F = 0 primo stadio in precarica, uscita in alta impedenza F = Vdd primo stadio in valutazione, uscita segue l ingresso l unica transizione ammessa all ingresso è L-H 50 50
26 One-phase logic (F Section) Latch TSPC1 a precarica durante F = Vdd (memorizzazione) F = Vdd primo stadio in precarica, uscita in alta impedenza F = 0 primo stadio in valutazione, uscita segue l ingresso l unica transizione ammessa all ingresso è H-L 52 52
27 One-phase Logic (F( Section) Latch TSPC2 a precarica durante F = 0 (memorizzazione) 54 54
28 Latch TSPC2 a precarica durante F = Vdd (memorizzazione) 55 55
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