INTRODUCTION TO THE PAST TENSE: PAST PARTICIPLES
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1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PAST TENSE: PAST PARTICIPLES Eleventh lesson Onzième leçon
2 SOMMAIRE Introduction 1. Definition 2. Past participles of er verbs : the first group 2.1 The past tense of er verbs 3. Past participles of ir verbs: the second group 3.1 The past tense of ir verbs 4. Past participles of re verbs : the third group 4.1 The past tense of re verbs 5. Irregular past participles
3 INTRODUCTION To explain the passé composé, the lesson is split into three sections: 1. This first section presents a definition of the compound past tense and introduces the main forms of past participles.
4 INTRODUCTION 2. The second presents the compound tense of verbs conjugated with the helping (auxiliary) verb avoir (to have). This category of verbs is the largest.
5 INTRODUCTION 3. The third one presents the compound tense of verbs conjugated with the helping (auxiliary) verb être (to be). This category of verbs includes all pronominal verbs and verbs that express movement.
6 1. DEFINITION The passé composé is the most common past tense in French. It is used to refer to actions completed in the past. It has two equivalents in English. The use of one or the other depends on the context. J ai dansé. I danced/ I have danced
7 1. DEFINITION This tense is composed of two elements: the present tense of an auxiliary verb (either avoir or être), followed by a past participle. Passé composé = auxiliary verb (in the present tense) + past participle(main verb)
8 1. DEFINITION Most verbs are conjugated with avoir. Verbs that indicate a kind of movement All pronominal verbs are conjugated with être
9 2. PAST PARTICIPLES OF ER VERBS: THE FIRST GROUP Past participles can be regular or irregular. 1. Past participles of the first group For regular verbs with an infinitive in er, drop er and add é. Étudier étudié (same pronounciation)
10 2.1 THE PAST TENSE OF ER VERBS Étudier-to study Singular Plural J ai étudié Nous avons étudié Tu as étudié Vous avez étudié Il/elle/on a étudié Ils/elles ont étudié
11 2.1 THE PAST TENSE OF ER VERBS - Hier soir, j ai étudié le français - Last night, I studied French. More verbs like étudier: Rêver Penser Détester Regarder Voyager to dream to think to hate to watch to travel
12 3. PAST PARTICIPLES OF IR VERBS: THE SECOND GROUP 2. To obtain a past participles of the ir, drop the ir ending and add i. Finir fini
13 3.1 THE PAST TENSE OF IR VERBS Finir to finish Singular Plural J ai fini Nous avons fini Tu as fini Vous avez fini Il/elle/on a fini Ils/elles ont fini
14 3.1 THE PAST TENSE OF IR VERBS - Hier soir, j ai fini mon devoir de français - Last night, I finished my French homework More verbs like finir: Bénir Guérir Maigrir Grossir Réussir to bless to heal/cure/recover to lose weight to put on weight to succeed
15 4. THE PAST PARTICIPLES OF RE VERBS: THE THIRD GROUP 3. To obtain the past participles of a re verb, drop re and add u. Perdre perdu (to loose)
16 4.1 THE PAST TENSE OF RE VERB Perdre to loose Singular plural J ai perdu Nous avons perdu Tu as perdu Vous avez perdu Il/elle/on a perdu Ils/elles ont perdu
17 4.1 THE PAST TENSE OF RE VERBS - Ce matin, j ai perdu mon devoir de français - This morning, I lost my French homework Other verbs like perdre: Attendre Descendre Entendre Vendre Répondre to wait for to descend to hear to sell to answer
18 5. IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES 4. Irregular past participles Many verbs, however, have irregular past participles. The past participles of many common irregular verbs which have «avoir» as an auxiliary are listed on the next slide.
19 5. IRREGULAR PAST PARTICIPLES Infinitive Past participle Infinitive Past participle Être (to be) été Connaître (to know) connu Suivre (to follow) suivi Croire (to believe) cru Mettre (to put) mis Devoir (to have to) dû Prendre (to take) pris Lire (to read) lu Dire (to tell) dit Pouvoir (to be able to) pu Écrire (to write) écrit Recevoir(to receive) reçu Faire(to do) fait Savoir(to know) su Ouvrir(to open) ouvert Tenir(to hold) tenu Avoir (to have) eu Voir (to see) vu Boire (to drink) bu Vouloir (to want) voulu
20 C est tout pour aujourd hui! Au revoir! Merci!
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