Over the last five decades, in Latin America and the Caribbean the population has been growing and urbanizing faster than in other regions, facing

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2 Over the last five decades, in Latin America and the Caribbean the population has been growing and urbanizing faster than in other regions, facing now a complicated scenario regarding water availability, distribution, use, and disposition.

3 The urgent and complex water situation in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the need for establishing strategic alliances in the region to solve it, have motivated Tecnológico de Monterrey, FEMSA Foundation, and the Inter- American Development Bank to create in 2008 the Water Center for Latin America and the Caribbean.

4 Dr. Roberto Parra Saldívar Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe ITESM r.parra@itesm.mx

5 Definition in the Law for promotion and develop of biofuels According to SAGARPA s law, biofuel feedstock are the substrates obtained from biomass from agriculture, fisheries, industries and municipalities that can be transformed into a source of energy or fuel.

6 Evolution of biofuels First generation: from food products Second generation: from cellulose material Third generation: form specific cultures e.g. algae

7 Rutas de Transformación Biomass and energy Combustión Gasificación Pirólisis Licuefacción HTU Digestión Fermentación Extracción Oleaginosas Calor Electricidad Combustibles

8 Bioethanol PEMEX launch an ambitious plan to add 6% de bioethanol in the gasoline sale the three biggest cities of Mexico (D. F., Monterrey and Guadalajara) between 2010 and 2012, this action require the production of 986 million liters of bioethanol

9 Biodiesel PEMEX programmed substitute 0.35% of the ULS biodesel with fuel produced from biomass sources. According to Ministry of Energy PEMEX would require next year produce 8.7 millions of liters

10 Biogas Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion is not taken as a national program but interesting applications of new devices has been presented by municipalities.

11 Energy per sources in Mexico

12 Energy feedstock in Mexico

13 Legal Framework From 1st February 2008 an official law was publish in the Diario Oficial de la Federación for the pormotion and development of biofuels, first legal body for the idnustrial development of biofuels.

14 Members of the inter-secretarial commission Secretaries involved: Energy (SENER) Agriculture, Livestock, Rural development, Fish and Food (SAGARPA) Environment and natural resources (SEMARNAT) Economy (SE) Inland Revenue (SHCP)

15 Vision 2012 and targets For the biannual PEMEX should require produce 986 millions of liters of bioethanol and 17.4 millions of liters of biodesel Challenge Warranty the feedstock supply for the refining biofuels considering the sustainability with special caution on the economy, technology and the environment

16 Projects

17 Biofuels Producers Vasconcelos University, Oaxaca, Biodiesel production from waste oil. Biodiesel de Mexico: soybean biodiesel, Hidalgo Grupo Energeticos: Beef Tallow, Commercial Biodiesel Plant, Cadereyta, N.L. 2005

18 Biodiesel Production Plant: Pro Palma & Daimler Chrysler, Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacán, Biodiesel Production from Jatropha: Chiapas, Yucatán (Biocom y Kuo industries), Michoacán. Government support for sowing Jatropha in 2007: Campeche, Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz. Source:

19 "The decision is taken" President Felipe Calderon Guadalajara Investment: 875 million pesos in states with the greatest potential for biofuels production. Source: Sergio Jiménez y Noé Cruz. El Universal

20 High rates of CO2 conversion High rates of biomass and oxygen Water reuse and recycle Process improve water quality

21 Process CO2 Recycled water Nutrients Water Biomass Harvest Biomass Biofuel Refining Algae oil Algae Biomass

22 Sustainability model Biofuel Carbon bonus Oxygen Fuel Food Calidad del agua

23 AL TE SO

24 700 milion litres of jetfuel are required for the 2020

25 Better land use and higher rates of production (Potenciales y Viabilidad del Uso de Bioetanol y Biodiesel para el Transporte en México, SENER, Nov, 2006) Jatropha curcas: 5 ton/ha/year thousands L of jetfuel 1 ha 2,200 L jetfuel Microalgae: 228 ton/ha/year thousands L of jetfuel 1 ha 101,400 L jetfuel

26 Aim 2020 (700 ML jet fuel) Jatropha Equivalent to 3,500 Km2 Microalge 4,016 Km2 77 Km2 45 less surface usage!

27 Bio Synthethic Parafinic Kerosene (SPK) Commertial flight were carried out eficiently (Interjet, Aeromexico) No engine modification is required to use biospk. A 50% blend is allowed (BioSPK + turbosina). ASTM D , Specification for Aviation Turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons LCA resuted in a redution of 55% of GHG emitions.

28 Milion L Market-End user End user: Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares. Nartional demand: 2015: 40 milons L. 2020: 700 milons L. Proposed market share : 30%

29 Patents Número de Solicitud/Registro MX-a MX-a In process Título Patente / Derecho de Autor Inventores Estatus Fotobiorreactor para el cultivo continuo de microorganismos fotosintéticos con iluminación controlada. Dispositivos de conversión de tanques a fotobioreactores altamente eficientes. Dr. Roberto Parra Saldivar Ing. Gibran S. Aleman Nava Dr. Roberto Parra Saldivar Alan Galán Solicitado Solicitado

30 2.5 TON CO2 = 1000L Biodiesel! 2 Toneladas de CO 2 1 Tonelada de Biomasa Transesterificacion 1 hectárea = 50,000 l/año CO 2 +Radiacion solar+sales+h 2 O BM +O 2 +Biocombustible

31 A world of opportunities

32 Project full title: SOLid CONversion Project acronym: SOLCON

33 Introduction In the EU and throughout the world the population growth is couple with increasing amounts of waste, causing unnecessary losses of materials and energy, environmental damage and negative effects on health and quality of life. The total annual arising of bio-waste in the EU is estimated at Mt food and garden waste included in mixed municipal solid waste and up to 37 Mt from the food and drink industry.

34 Introduction Although many process are dealing with the waste e.g. incineration, confinement in septic tanks their aim is to destroy the solid substrate instead of utilize or transform it in to new products. Bioprocess technology for manufacturing novel product has been widely accepted a suitable way to transform nutrients from organic sources into valuable products.

35 Introduction However, the application of this technology to real problems is still not fully exploited due to the lack robust bioreactors or for the lack of an integrated approach.

36 Aim This proposal should bring bio-process to the front line of research in biotechnology and bioprocess to ensure an impact on the traditional waste management process and render a new profitable process, highly competitive beyond state of the art in solid waste treatment.

37 Aim SolCon purpose is to develop new ways to solve the problem of waste management in both Europe and Latin America base on novel technology that will turn solid waste into new products. The design and scale up process for the exploitation of various wastes such as industrial, agricultural and municipal wastes will be investigated.

38 Objetives (CAAL) From extreme microbes with potential to tribe on extreme environmental conditions, select optimal physiological conditions for biowaste utilization. Determine optimal bioprocess operation for 2 potential products from selected wastes. Investigate solid waste as substrate for production of enzymes and high value products. Investigate a cheap bioseparation process for high value products that can be coupe to the new prototype. Built a functional integrated system that can be use to bio-convert solid waste into energy, biomass and high value products with similar levels as observed on the lower scale tested.

39 Potential market SolCon will develop a new bioreactor based on novel technology that will turn solid waste into new products which significantly reduce the amount of fossil gas burn and fine composting that will be commercialized at a price of 12.5 per ton.

40 Potential market Moreover, in the EU 25 the average amount of solid waste generated per person is 944 kg p.a. assuming processing the wastes of a 100,000 inhabitants generate revenue of 1,180 M 2, and represent saving of 7,400,000 solid waste treatment. This new process and products will benefit by lighting the pressure that is experiencing the agricultural sector for the search of cheap and abundant feedstock for food production.

41 Conclusion The bio-waste recycling is a suitable way for modern countries that in appropriate conditions will contributes not only to improve waste management, but also: a) Production of biofuels b) Sustainable way for resources use c) Soil and water protection d) Renewable energy production e) Climate change mitigation f) Ensure food supply

42 Savings Transport saving Water treatment Water use Fuente: environment-green.com Products Bioethanol Biodiesel Food High value products

43 Questions?