Circular dichroism elucidates spin-orbit interaction in magnets
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1 Circular dichroism elucidates spin-orbit interaction in magnets Hans-Joachim Elmers nstitut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz M P Folie Nr. 1
2 DOS Half-metallic ferromagnets Metal De Groot, 1983 NiMnSb -5 5 Energy E- F [ev] Folie Nr. 2 Semiconductor
3 Tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) TMR with half-metallic ferromagnetic contacts works like a switch Folie Nr. 3
4 TEY (arb. units) X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) 2 1 Co s FeSi Photon energy (ev) Folie Nr. 4
5 integrated MCD integrated MCD MCD MCD -ln( T / ) ntensity (TEY) Element-specific Magnetometry Transmission Total Yield Mn 2 VAl MgO Mn 11 K Mn 11 K bulk -.2 surface Photon Energy h [ev] Photon Energy h [ev] P. Klaer, Phys. Rev. B 82, (21) Folie Nr. 5
![6 Mn 11 K 1..8.6 Mn 11 K.4.4.2.2.... -.2 bulk -.2 surface.. -.1 64 65 66 67 Photon Energy h [ev] -.](/docs-images/45/8635604/images/page_5.jpg "1 64 65 66 67 Photon Energy h [ev] P. Klaer, Phys. Rev.")
6 step function Recovering of spin-resolved partial density of states iso 2 1 Co Photon energy (ev) Co Photon energy (ev) ( )/2P j Photon energy (ev) Result: D up ; D down 1 L 3 L 2 Folie Nr Photon energy (ev)
7 PDOS (arb units) PDOS (arb units) Recovering of spin-resolved partial density of states -2 Co L 3 -edge Deconvolution with Lorentzian Function FWHM =.4 ev -4 (a) FeSi Photon Energy (ev) 4 nm Al FeSi(1) -1 (b) MgO(1) Co L 2 -edge FeSi Folie Nr Photon Energy (ev)
8 PDOS (arb units) PDOS (arb units) Recovering of spin-resolved partial density of states E c E- (ev) Theory: Kandpal et al. Phys. Rev. B 73, (26) -2 Co L 3 -edge -4 (a) FeSi Photon Energy (ev) 4 nm Al FeSi(1) Folie Nr. 8-1 (b) MgO(1) Co L 2 -edge FeSi Photon Energy (ev)
9 Correlation of core hole and excited electron ground state final state E c,it,loc Majority Minority G.H. Fecher et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17 (25) Folie Nr. 9 E c =.5 ev = const.
10 PDOS (arb units) Localized state E c tinerant state Polycrystalline bulk sample -2 (a) TiSi S. C. Lee et al., J. Appl. Phys. 97, 1C37 (25) Photon Energy (ev) Two-step increase of majority states Exp. Value of E c Folie Nr. 1
11 step fct. (arb units) PDOS (arb units) PDOS (arb units) PDOS (arb units) nfluence of Lorentz - FWHM on deconvolution result -2-4 (a) E c, FWHM =.3 ev MnSi, E=.1 ev 4 nm Al MnSi(1) MgO(1) -2, FWHM =.4 ev Robust half-metallic properties for MnSi -4 (b) -2, FWHM =.45 ev -4 (c) 1 FWHM larger than life-time broadening Folie Nr (d), FWHM =.49 ev Photon Energy (ev)
12 PDOS (arb units) E max - (ev) µ B / formula unit Rigid band model MnSi N*=5 FeSi N*= Number of valence electrons Folie Nr Number of valence electrons
13 PDOS (arb units) PDOS (arb units) PDOS (arb units) PDOS (arb units) Tailoring of band structure in YZ Doping on the Y-site -2 (a) MnSi (e) FeAl Doping on the Z-site -4 (b) (f) -2 Fe.5 Mn.5 Si FeAl.3 Si.7-4 (c) (g) T a =45 C <T opt -2 4 nm Al YZ(1) -4 (d) FeSi (h) FeAl.3 Si.7 (*), sample (f) MgO(1) -2 Cr.6 Fe.4 Al, sample (g) B2 Folie Nr. E 13 max (E ) (ev) x (E ) (ev) L2 1
14 E v,max - (ev) Comparison with theory 1.4 (Cr 1-x Fe x )Al Fe(Al 1-x Si x ) (Fe x Mn 1-x )Si N V -24 LDA+DMFT S. Chadov et al., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 842 (29). LDA+U B. Balke et al., Phys. Rev. B 74, 1445 (26) LDA K. Özdogan, et al., J. Appl. Phys. 11, 7391 (27). LDA+U G.H. Fecher and C. Felser, J. Phys. D 4, 1582 (27) M. Kallmayer, et al. Phys. Rev. B 8, 246R (29) Folie Nr. 14
15 Co PDOS (arb. units) Co PDOS (arb. units) Co PDOS (arb. units) Co PDOS (arb. units) Co PDOS (arb. units) Co PDOS (arb. units) (a) (g) -5-1 E v,max - MnGe MnGe YZ Bulk -5 (b) (h) -1 (Mn.6 Ti.4 )Ge MnGa.2 Ge.8 (c) (i) annomal rigid band -5-1 (Mn.5 Ti.5 )Ge MnGa.4 Ge.6 normal rigid band (d) (j) -5-1 (Mn.4 Ti.6 )Ge MnGa.6 Ge.4 (e) (k) -5-1 (Mn.2 Ti.8 )Ge MnGa.8 Ge.2 (f) (l) -5-1 TiGe MnGa Folie Nr E- (ev) E (ev)
16 E v,max - (ev) Comparison with theory YZ Bulk MnGa 1-x Ge x 1..5 TiSn Mn x Ti 1-x Ge. Klaer et al. Phys. Rev. B 21 Folie Nr. 16 LDA+DMFT Experiment N V -24
17 Heusler compounds Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys Before.. after.. application of magnetic field 26 mm Single crystal Ni2MnGa R. C. O Handley Shape Memory Alloys Folie Nr. 17
18 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys T > T m T < T m c/a = 1 c/a.94 Folie Nr. 18 T. Hickel, MP f. Eisenforschung, Düsseldorf
19 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys C. A. Jenkins, HJE, G. Jakob, et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, Folie Nr. 19
20 Growth of single crystalline films 2nm Al 2 O 3 Ni 2 MnGa(1) DC magnetron sputtering T = 5 C P = 1 8 mbar MgO(1) Contour plot of kl scans near the 4 reflection of the AS phase. 4 reflection Folie Nr. 2 G. Jakob and HJE, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 27.
21 T (K) d+1 Correlation of structure and electronic properties Ni 2 MnGa T=293 K T=112 K 1.2 Folie Nr Photon energy (ev)
22 Tuning the Magnetic Anisotropy Fe7Pd3 Buffer MgO(1) Folie Nr. 22 J. Buschbeck et al. PRL 13, (29) in collaboration with S. Fähler, FW Dresden
23 Tuning the Magnetic Anisotropy Fe7Pd3 Buffer MgO(1) Folie Nr. 23
24 Folie Nr. 24 Difference in the absorption probabilities for σ + /σ - -polarized light in ferromagnets e e e e MCD A if hν Φ : (1PPE) if 2hν Φ : (2PPE) Threshold photoemission Magnetic Circular dichroism (MCD) M e M e M e M e σ e σ e σ e σ e MCD A
25 Magnetic Circular dichroism (MCD) Threshold photoemission TPMCD measurement fcc Co(111) Pt(111) A TPMCD M S M S M S M S Hysteresis Folie Nr. 25 Kerstin Hild, et al. Phys. Rev, B 82, (21) Kerstin Hild, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 5727 (29)
26 Michael Kallmayer, Peter Klaer, Kerstin Hild nstitut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Germany H. Schneider, E. Arbelo Jorge, C. Herbort, T. Eichhorn G. Jakob, M. Jourdan, G. Schönhense, nstitut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Germany B. Balke, C. Blum, J. Barth, T. Graf, G. H. Fecher, C. Felser, nstitut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Germany T. Nakagawa, T. Yokoyama, nstitute for Molecular Science, University of Okazaki, Japan K. Tarafder, P.M. Oppeneer, Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Sweden Folie Nr. 26
27 Folie Nr. 27 Funding
28 d+1 T (K) PDOS (arb units) Summary 4 2 Tailoring of band-structure via doping in quarternary Heusler compounds Origin of magnetic anisotropy in shape memory metal Ni2MnGa Ni 2 MnGa T=293 K T=112 K Photon energy (ev) Circular dichroism in the lab Folie Nr. 28
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