Integrerat växtskydd och tillgång på kemiska växtskyddsmedel inom EU?

Transcription

1 Integrerat växtskydd och tillgång på kemiska växtskyddsmedel inom EU? Lise Nistrup Jørgensen Institut for Plantebeskyttelse og Skadedyr DJF - Aarhus Universitet Agenda Framework for sustainable use of pesticides Elements in IPM Use pattern of pesticides in EU Experiences from ENDURE Danish elements Perspectives 1

2 Background for new activities with pesticides Tematisk Strategi om Bæredygtig Anvendelse af Pesticider IPM before 2014 What does it mean that IPM should be implemented by 2014? Depends on national authorities and organsization to define what should be required National authorities should ensure motivation factors are created Authorities and politicians will decide if IPM is implemented well enough Will EU follow up on implementation? 2

3 nt/ppps/home.htm IPM principper 1.Prevention or reduction of attack led by crop rotations, variety resistance, cultivation etc. 2.Use of warning systems, prognosis, monitoring and diagnostic tools 3.Use of thresholds before treatments 4.None chemical methods must be prefered if sufficiently effective 3

4 IPM principper 5. Use specific pesticides and products which have least impact on environment and health 6. Use as low a input of pesticides as possible (reduced doses fewer treatments or spot-treatmetns) 7. Include an anti-resistance strategy in strategies 8. Check that the used pesticides have been effective (windows, etc!) 1. Cultural methods percent disease a b Tan spot GS 31 a b Tan Spot GS 75 b a Septoria GS 75 b a Mildew GS 72 a b a Fusarium GS 75 ploughed non-inversion INCIDENCE OF EYESPOT INFESTATION (%) YEARS BETWEEN HOST WHEAT CROP uspecifik kartofler vinterraps vårsæd hvede/rug majs ug/kg 4

5 What has EU done? Initiated a BIPRO report about IPM Supported ENDURE NET-work meetings about IPM Support some research activities Pure Little information of national initiatives! Danish IPM activities Focus on advice on IPM Money given to support farmers in years of each 3 sessions Point system to evaluate the impact Spray logbooks will be assessed Demonstration farms initiated Homepage with focus on new elements Questions, themes, journalist update 5

6 Danish IPM aktivities 7 IPM demonstration farms 6

7 How to measure IPM? New tax under preparation in DK Motivation factor for IPM Politicians support it as part of Green Growth Differentiation of tax depending on toxicity (4 elements involved) Increase the tax by 75 dkr/ha Money goes back to farmers Major differences in tax can change the use pattern significantly Concern that certain production will be out flaged 7

8 Other elements Obligatory check of sprayes User financed inspection Implemented by 15th june 2011 All sprayers checked by 2016 New indicator should be generated Education of people selling pesticides 10 meter protection zones Electronic reporting of all spray records New analysis of existing monitoring and prognose system as basis for new projects IPM principper -examples 1. Prevention or reduction of attack led by crop rotations, variety resistance, cultivation etc. 2. Use of warning systems, prognosis, monitoring and diagnostic tools 3. Use of thresholds before treatments 4. None chemical methods must be prefered if sufficiently effective 5. Use specific pesticides and products which have least impact on environment and health 6. Use as low a input of pesticides as possible (reduced doses fewer treatments or spottreatmetns) 7. Include an anti-resistance strategy in strategies 8. Check that the used pesticides have been effective (windows, etc!) 8

9 1. Cultural methods percent disease a b Tan spot GS 31 a b Tan Spot GS 75 b a Septoria GS 75 b a Mildew GS 72 a b a Fusarium GS 75 ploughed non-inversion INCIDENCE OF EYESPOT INFESTATION (%) YEARS BETWEEN HOST WHEAT CROP uspecifik kartofler vinterraps vårsæd hvede/rug majs ug/kg Importance of varieties Better exploitation of cultivar resistance! Susceptible Resistant 9

10 Paroli 3 Ararat Oakley Opus Smuggler Inspiration Hereford Attack of septoria in national trials 8-12 per year Frument Ambition Audi %attack Important to know cultivars resistances yearly update needed Septoria mildew Yellow rust Brown rust DTR Hereford Frument Mariboss Oakley Viscount fusarium Ambition

11 %Effect of none chemical methods Septoria mildew rust DTR Take all yield Resistant cultivars Delayed sowing / ? (-10) to - 30? 50-5-(- 30%) Ploughing to Increased 25-25??? 0 seed rates Previous crop not wheat % Reduced N input Minus? Factors moves in different directions 2. og 3. Monotoring and use of thresholds (DSS) Sygdomme Eksempler på skadetærskler Knækkefodsyge >35% planter angrebet på vs Meldug Septoria Brunrust >10% planter angrebet fra vs 29 (S) >25% planter angrebet fra vs 29 (R) Efter vs 40 anbefales ikke sprøjtninger 4 dage med nedbør fra vs 32 (S) 5 dage med nedbør fra vs 37 (R) Eller angreb på 3 øverste blad fra vs >25% planter angrebet i modtagelige sorter gulrust vs > 1% planter angrebet i modtagelige sorter 11

12 Efficacy profile for 60 weed species DSS for weed control 12

13 DSS for weed control 4. Alternative none chemical methods should be encouraged Are they economically competitive at present? 13

14 5. Encourage the use of less damanging pesticides Need a system to rank pesticides Biological control = Biocontrol Biological control is the use of parasitoid, predator, pathogen, antagonist, or competitor populations to suppress a pest population, making the pest less abundant and less damaging than it would be in the absence of the biocontrol agents. Photo by Jack Clark, UCIPM 6. Use as low a input of pesticides as possible (reduced doses fewer treatments or spottreatmetns) Resistant cultivar sucseptible cultivar Net yield gain (dt ha-1) D 20 CD 20 D 10 CD ,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 Total fungicide input (TFI) Net yield gain (dt ha-1) BCD 20 6 CD 20 C 20 4 CD 10 2 C 10 BCD ,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 Total fungicide input (TFI) A: GS 25-31, B: GS 32-36, C: GS 37-50, D: GS Optimal indsats ved 2 prisniveauer i hvede 75 og 150 kr/hkg 14

15 Recommendations in wheat Meldug/septoria Sen meldug/rust, tidlig Septoria Septoria/rust Septoria/rust 7. Management of pesticide resistance Frequency of strobilurin resistance to septoria in Europe in % resistance before treatment % resistance after treatment 15

16 Pesticide resistance Sustain a certain amount of pesticides Part of comparative assessments Long term strategies on main problems Alepecurus myosuroides ALS herbicides Cereal diseases Triazoles Major pressure on horticultural crops/minor use What is ENDURE? ENDURE et EU Network of Excellence med deltagelse af 15 partnere fra 10 lande, Kørt fra Netværker, videndeling og videnformidling vigtigere end forskning IBMA DAAS AU RRES WUR JKI IHAR INRA IT AGROS SZIE ACTA CIRAD CNR SSSUP UdL 32 16

17 TFI in winter wheat England (2006) Frankrig (2006) Tyskland (2007) Herbicides 2,4 1,5 1,9 1,7 Fungicides 2,3 1,6 1,9 0,6 Insecticides 1,1 0,3 1,2 0,2 PGR 1,0 0,7 0,8 0,2 Total 6,7 4,1 5,8 2,6 lyield t/ha 8,0 6,9 7,3 7,3 Danmark (2007) Alle landes tal baseret på produkt dosering Herbicider inkluderer glyphosate Insekticider inkluderer sneglemidler, med undtagelse af Tyskland TFI in winter rape UK (2006) Frankrig (2006) Tyskland (2007) Herbicides 2,2 1,8 1,6 1,2 Danmark (2007) Fungicides 1,5* 1,1 1,0 0,3 Insecticides 1,5 2,8 2,3 1,2 PGR 0 0,4 0,5 0 Total 5,2 6,0 5,5 2,7 Yield t/ha 3,4 3,0 3,5 3,5 *Indeholder også vækstreguleringsmidler 17

18 Reasons for low input in DK Herbicides Good experiences with reduced rates and optimized timing Few problems with herbicide resistance Stright wild oat legislation Fungicides Good to moderate resistance in cultivars Often less diseases compared with other countries Regional warnings systems popular Good experiences with reduced rates Insects Good experiences with reduced rates Small problem in many seasons No need for autumn control in most seasons PGR: Adjusting sowing rates to sowing time Good standing capacity of cultivars Low N-regime reduce risk of lodging Average yield increase from use of fungicides data originate from cultivar trials. Average of 7 years ( ) hkg/ha UK France Germany Sverige Denmark 18

19 % estimated losses from specific diseases Sverige Danmark Tyskland Frankrig UK % af estimerede tab Who should give advise on IPM? Many advisors in UK, F and DE comes from private advisors and chemical companies Less focus on net yield More insurance application It requires good data to say no. Not always available Myth from industry and advisors - that low doses increases the risk for resistance 19

20 Recents for low use in Denmark Many years with pesticide action plans Many years with good experiences from use of appropriate rates. common thinking Focus on economy and net yield Use of thresholds, monitoring and DSS Pesticide tax increase cost Strong and independent advisory services, who give advise based on trial data Eksempel på case-studie: Vinterhvede Sortsresistens Reducerede doseringer Net yield gain (dt ha-1) BCD 20 6 CD 20 C 20 4 CD 10 C 10 2 BCD ,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 Total fungicide input (TFI) Brochure Fusariu m 40 20

21 Informations about none chemical control 21

22 Information on fungicides efficacy for control of wheat diseases ranking from different countries Gulrust - forekomster af forskellige patotyper i forskellige lande 22

23 Problems related to IPM What level of IPM should be implemented and supported How to motivate an IPM process Lack of knowledge in many cases! Lack of thresholds and biological details to provide optimal control How effective are none chemical control methods and are the methods econonomical Need good data on resistance in cultivars Resistance varieties are still responding to fungicides Biological control elements in practise is unclear except in green houses Lack of pesticides to implement antiresistance strategies Netværk for rådgivere Forum for rådgivere i Europa Videndeling om planteproduktion og specielt plantebeskyttelse Koordineres af Videncentret for Landbrug. Udgiver et nyhedsbrev Årlige møder for rådgivere med interesse for IPM 46 23

24 Behandlingsindeks i DK og Tyskland Vintersæd Vårsæd Vinterraps Majs Roer Behandlingsindeks* DK T DK T DK T DK T DK T Ukrudt Svampe Skadedyr Vækstreg. I alt DK: Behandlingshyppighed, gammel metode T: Behandlingsindeks, 1 BI = maskimalt godkendte dosis 24