Transcription

1 World War One

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5 Questions What were the 4 main causes of WWI? What was the Schlieffen Plan? What was trench warfare? What were the battles of the Verdun and Somme? What was life like on the home front? What were the consequences? What was the Treaty of Versailles?

6 Vocabulary 1. Armistice 2. Treaty 3. Stalemate

7 WWI Timeline

8 What were the 4 main long-term causes of WWI? M.A.I.N. Militarism: (Arms Race) Effect: gave nations the means to go to war Alliances: Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente Effect: 2 sides Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy Triple Entente: France, Britain and Russia Imperialism: the desire to conquer colonies, especially in Africa Effect: Germany wanted an empire. France and Britain already had empires. Nationalism: belief that your country is better Effect: made nations assertive and aggressive

9 June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria assassinated July 5, 1914 Germany issues Austro-Hungary blank check promising military assistance if Austro-Hungary goes to war against Russia

10 What was the Schlieffen Plan?

11 What was the Schlieffen Plan?

12 What was the Schlieffen Plan? German plan: Avoid fighting France and Russia at the same time Two fronts: west and east Belief that France was weak could be beaten quickly Germany was wrong. Belief that Russia was much stronger take longer to mobilise its army Germany was wrong.

13 What was the Schlieffen Plan? July 1914 Russia mobilised its army, but France did not 2. Germany was forced to declare war on France (3 August 1914) 3. German army asked permission to go through Belgium on 2 August 1914, the Belgians refused, so the German army had to fight its way through Belgium 4. Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914 because, in a Treaty of 1839, Britain had promised to defend Belgium

14 Belgium is a country, not a road King Albert I of Belgium denied Germany permission August 2, 1914 Germany declared war on France August 4, 1914 Great Britain declared war on Germany for violating Belgian neutrality

15 Sept. 6-10, 1914 Battle of Marne Stopped the Germans but French troops were exhausted Both sides dug trenches for shelter STALEMATE

16 How did most people feel about going to war? Many Europeans were excited about war. Defend yourself against the aggressors. Fewer domestic differences

17 How did most people feel about going to war? Belief: modern industrial war: few months Home by Christmas.

18 So why did World War 1 last so long? 1. trenches 2. censorship

19 Explain life in the trenches. Trenches: English Channel to Switzerland About 10,000 km About 2 meters deep Caused: Stalemate

20 Explain life in the trenches. Rum rats: one pair: 880 offspring in a year 3,894 British soldiers convicted of self-inflicted wounds = all served prison terms British Army treated 20,000 soldiers for trench foot

21 Explain life in the trenches. One-third of all casualties on the Western Front may have been killed or wounded in a trench. Candle: removing lice Soldiers drank impure water: dysentery

22 Explain life in the trenches. Elaborate systems of defense barbed wire concrete machine gun nests mortar batteries troops lived in holes underground mustard gas:

23 Explain life in the trenches. We all had on us the stench of dead bodies. Death numbed the soldier s minds. Shell shock Psychological devastation

24 Name 2 battles and the impacts. 1. Battle of Verdun 2. Battle of Somme

25 Battle of Verdun Germany vs. France 21 Feb. to 18 Dec. 1916: 10 months One of the largest and longest WWI battles 700,000 men killed

26 Battle of Verdun Goal of the German commander: Not territory To bleed his enemy to death

27 Battle of Somme Great Britain vs. Germany 4 months 1,000,000 men killed and wounded

28 What new weapons were used in WWI? New weapons crippled the frozen front Poison gas (mustard gas) Hand grenades Flame throwers Tanks Airplanes Submarines

29 The changes of war Airplanes Dog fights in the air Bombing inaccurate Romanticized the battlefields Paris and London bombed Pilots fired pistols and threw hand grenades

30 The Home Front Women took war factory jobs Received lower wages than males Food shortages made running a household difficult

31 What was life like on the home front?

32 The Home Front Censorship Not told about high death toll Romanticized the battlefields soldiers have died a beautiful death, in noble battle, we shall rediscover poetry epic and chivalrous

33 The Home Front Censorship Newspapers described troops as itching to go over the top. Government reported to the press that life in the trenches promoted good health and clean air

34 The Home Front On Leave Troops would stay together so they could sympathize with each other

35 The Home Front Impossible to hide death Women in mourning Badly wounded soldiers returned home Opposition began to emerge

36 How did WWI end? 1917 Russia surrenders (a separate peace) U.S. joins the war on the Allied side Nov. 11, 1918 Armistice

37 What are 3 social impacts of WWI? Men lost limbs and were mutilated Birth rate fell markedly Invalids unable to work Spanish flu epidemic Never such innocence again Bitterness towards aristocratic officers whose lives were never in danger

38 Death Toll of War

39 What was the Treaty of Versailles How was Germany affected?