A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA COMPARED WITH ROAD TRANSPORT

Transcription

1 A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA COMPARED WITH ROAD TRANSPORT Marino Lupi, Alessandro Farina Università di Pisa

2 Definition and Objectives Definition of Motorways of the Sea (MoS): Short Sea Shipping (SSS) services, operated by ro-ro ships, with peculiar characteristics, they must be: integrated in door-todoor logistic chain, regular, frequent, fast, reliable, economic feasible. MoS are aimed at: -constituting a valid alternative to all-road transport. - integrating inland transport, where geographical constraints exist;

3 EU policy on MoS The European Commission s White Paper considers intermodal transport based on MoS a viable competitive, alternative to all-road transport. Modal split unbalance: in 2012, 44.9% of total freight traffic in Europe took place by road. In some European regions, the main road infrastructures are overcrowded and it is very difficult to build new roads or improve the capacity of existing ones. Road transport registers a high accident rate. Railway line capacity is limited, particularly in the biggest cities nodes, they were optimized for passenger transport. Sea transport capacity may be increased, substantially through the addition of more ships, or larger ships, or faster ships (but ports need upgrades).

4 MoS connecting ports in the mainland are few and they are part of longer international routes: where cargo having both origin and destination in Italian mainland is, generally, not accepted, ( exception: Ravenna-Brindisi-Catania route) Between Italian mainland and the Sicily there are numerous MoS services: where MoS are alternative to a nearly all-road transport, (actually there is the crossing of the Strait of Messina.) COMPARISON among: - All-road ( nearly all-road ) - Intermodal transport based on MoS: ACCOMPAINED - Intermodal transport based on MoS: UNACCOMPAINED

5 Domestic ro-ro routes between the Italian mainland and the Sicily. Data refer to January 2014 (Source: ramspa website and shipping companies websites). Route Operator Weekly frequency Travel time Ravenna Brindisi Catania Grimaldi 3 39h Ravenna Catania Tirrenia 4 36h30' Genova Catania Grimaldi 4 28h Livorno Catania Grimaldi 3 25h Napoli Catania TTT Lines 7 11h30' Salerno Catania Grimaldi 6 14h Genova Palermo Grimaldi 4 29h Genova Palermo Grandi Navi Veloci 6 20h Livorno Palermo Grimaldi 4 19h Salerno Palermo Grimaldi 2 9h Civitavecchia Termini Imerese Grandi Navi Veloci + SNAV 2 13h Napoli Palermo Tirrenia 7 10h45' Napoli Palermo Grandi Navi Veloci + SNAV 6 10h30' Civitavecchia Palermo SNAV 1 15h Salerno Messina Caronte & Tourist 12 9h

6 Generalized cost of a link l, c l Monetary cost c l = c m + VOT t Monetary value of time Maritime link: monetary cost takes into account numerous factors Ticket cost is made up by: - The cost for the vehicle - The bunkering cost, - The insurance - The cost for the driver s cabin, (in case of accompanied transport). - The cost for loading/unloading operations of the semi-trailer, in case of unaccompanied transport. - The inspection service, again in case of unaccompanied transport.

7 In the case of accompanied transport the driver cost must be added. Therefore, in the case of accompanied transport: - Ticket cost - The amount of money for the driver pay for the loading and unloading of the truck, determined considering a time of 1.5 hours for this manoeuvre; - The amount of money for the hours lost on board by the driver. To determine the generalized cost the monetized value of time must be added. The maritime travel time comprises : the waiting time, the time for loading and unloading of the vehicle and the duration of the voyage.

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12 The transport mode more adventageous, considering generalized cost, is the intermodal unaccompained transport. For each O-D pair, the illegal all-road transport has the least travel time. However the legal all-road transport has, generally, a smaller travel time than intermodal transport. The route choice, in the intermodal case, depends strongly by the availability of MoS routes: when proper MoS services are available, the shortest path usually results to be the one which minimizes the road part.

13 CONCLUSIONI 1/2 Intermodal transport, based on MoS, is strongly supported by the European policies because of: the high congestion of road transport, capacity problems for road transport, but also for railway transport. Furthermore maritime transport is more environmentally friendly than road transport. On the other hand MoS have some deficiencies The peculiar characteristics of MoS services are hardly met: in particular for the high crossing times of ports.

14 CONCLUSIONI 2/2 Unaccompanied intermodal transport is generally the most favorable considering the generalized cost; but also, usually, the most favorable considering only the monetary cost. Travel times are, however, higher respect to all-road transport The analysis highlights the lack of a MoS Ravenna- Palermo (but in general of MoS linking Italian northeastern ports: Trieste, Venezia, Ravenna, Ancona, with the port of Palermo). This creates an extension of the road part, of the intermodal trip, for the northwestern Sicilian destination.