Chapter 5: The Integumentary System. 1. Of how many regions does the skin consist? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Ans: B

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1 Chapter 5: The Integumentary System 1. Of how many regions does the skin consist? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2. The epidermis and dermis make up the A) serous membrane. B) subcutaneous membrane. C) integument. 3. The epidermis A) is the outer layer of skin. B) consists of stratified squamous epithelial cells. C) contains melanocytes. D) is described by all of these characteristics. 4. What is responsible for skin color? A) carotene B) melanin C) hemoglobin D) all of the above 5. Keratin is A) a pigment. B) a waterproof protein. C) located in the hypodermis. D) described by all of these characteristics. 6. Melanin A) is a pigment. B) protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation. C) is located in the epidermis. D) is described by all of these characteristics. Page 34

2 7. Which layer contains blood vessels and nerve fibers? A) epidermis B) dermis C) epidermis and dermis 8. Which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching? A) melanin B) collagen fibers C) adipose tissue D) elastic fibers 9. Whereas the contains adipose tissue, the contains melanocytes. A) hypodermis, epidermis B) epidermis, dermis C) skin, hypodermis D) stratum basale, stratum corneum 10. Adipose tissue A) is for insulation. B) gives a rounded appearance to the body. C) in excess results in obesity. D) is described by all of these characteristics. 11. Hair is produced in the A) epidermis. B) dermis. C) hypodermis. D) dermis and hypodermis. 12. Which consists of keratinized cells? A) hair B) nails C) both of these Page 35

3 13. The arrector pili A) is a smooth muscle. B) causes hair to stand on end. C) contracts when cold, forming goose bumps. D) is described by all of these characteristics. 14. Whereas glands are associated with hair follicles, glands may be associated with sexual attraction. A) sebaceous, sweat B) sweat, sebaceous C) apocrine, eccrine 15. Which of the following is a function of the skin? A) protection B) sensory reception C) synthesis of vitamin D D) all of these 16. Which is true of the skin? A) It is waterproof. B) It prevents water loss. C) Both are true. 17. What is needed to produce vitamin D? A) calcium B) phosphorus C) ultraviolet light D) calcium and phosphorus 18. Along with sweat glands, what actively regulates body temperature? A) adipose tissue B) blood vessels C) sebaceous glands D) all of these Page 36

4 19. What occurs when the body's temperature regulatory mechanism is overcome? A) hypothermia B) hyperthermia C) either hypothermia or hyperthermia 20. Impetigo is A) bacteria. B) over keratinization. C) overactive cell division. D) fungus. 21. Athlete's foot is A) bacteria. B) over keratinization. C) overactive cell division. D) fungus. 22. Dandruff is A) bacteria. B) over keratinization. C) overactive cell division. D) fungus. 23. Eczema is A) bacteria. B) over keratinization. C) overactive cell division. D) fungus. 24. Which is due to a virus? A) wart B) mole C) both wart and mole Page 37

5 25. Which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer? A) basal-cell carcinoma B) squamous-cell carcinoma C) malignant melanoma D) basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma 26. Which form of skin cancer is definitely related to UV radiation? A) basal-cell carcinoma B) squamous-cell carcinoma C) malignant melanoma D) basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma 27. There is rarely pain from a A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. 28. The epidermis only is damaged from a A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. 29. The epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged from a A) first-degree burn. B) second-degree burn. C) third-degree burn. 30. Severe burns result in A) fluid loss. B) heat loss. C) bacterial infection. D) all of these. 31. What happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin? A) They obtain more nutrients. B) They divide more. C) They tend to die. D) They become dermal cells. Page 38

6 32. A person with no color in skin, hair, and eyes has A) been exposed to the sun. B) a circulatory disorder. C) a genetic disorder. D) a nervous disorder. figure Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the dermis? Ans: a 34. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the sebaceous gland? Ans: b 35. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the hypodermis? Ans: c 36. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the sweat glands? Ans: d 37. Which letter in figure 5.1 points to the sense receptor? Ans: e 38. Describe the hypodermis. Ans: Loose connective tissue, including adipose tissue lying below the dermis. 39. Describe the skin's functioning regarding sensory reception and communication. Ans: The skin contains sense receptors that transmit messages about the environment. Page 39

7 40. Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation. lood vessels in the dermis can constrict to receive less blood and conserve heat or dilate to receive more blood and allow heat to radiate away from the body. Sweat glands remain inactive or secrete sweat. Sweat carries heat away from the body as it evaporates. 41. Explain the steps of wound healing. Ans: Trauma results in blood clot formation and the basal layer of the epidermis begins to produce new cells at a faster rate than usual. The wound fills in with new cells. 42. Describe the effects aging has on the skin. Ans: The dermis loses some of its elastic fibers, which causes the skin to be inelastic, thus some wrinkling occurs. The sebaceous glands and sweat glands are not as active, so the skin is drier. 43. Describe the effects that long-term exposure to the sun may have on the skin. Ans: The exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes dividing skin cells to become cancerous. 44. Explain the difference between first-degree and third-degree burns. Which one would possibly require skin grafting? Ans: First-degree burns affect only the epidermis, causing redness and pain. Third-degree burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin, and would possibly need skin grafting. 45. Identify the causes of the following skin disorders: athlete's foot, impetigo, eczema, psoriasis, dandruff, and urticaria. thlete's foot - fungal infection Impetigo - bacterial infection Eczema - overactive cell division due to sensitivity to chemicals Psoriasis - overactive cell division, may be hereditary Dandruff - excessive keratinization of cells of the scalp Urticaria - allergic reaction 46. Distinguish between basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. asal-cell carcinoma = a tumor formed by basal epidermal cells Squamous-cell carcinoma = a tumor formed by squamous epidermal cells Malignant melanoma = a tumor formed by melanocytes 47. Distinguish between the stratum basale and the stratum corneum regarding structure and function. Ans: The stratum basale lies just above the dermis and contains basal cells that are constantly dividing. The new cells are pushed away from the dermis, accumulate the protein keratin and then die as they move away from the blood vessels of the dermis. These dead, flat, hard, waterproof cells form the stratum corneum. Page 40

8 48. Hair follicles are found in the dermis of the skin, yet hair is formed from epidermal cells. How can this be so? Ans: Each hair follicle is formed from collections of epidermal cells that project into the dermis of the skin. 49. Distinguish between UV-A and UV-B ultraviolet radiation. Ans: UV-B rays cause cancer. UV-A rays can cause the skin to sag and wrinkle. UV-A rays also increase the cancer-causing effects of UV-B rays. 50. Distinguish between apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. pocrine sweat glands, which open into hair follicles in the armpits, groin, and anal region, release a secretion which may function as a sex attractant. Eccrine sweat glands open onto the surface of the skin and produce sweat in order to lower body temperature. 51. Describe how the skin functions to promote bone development and maintenance. Ans: When skin cells are exposed to UV radiation a precursor molecule in the cells is converted into vitamin D. The vitamin D travels to the liver and kidneys where it is converted into the hormone calcitriol. Calcitriol regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, two substances required for the formation of bone matrix. 52. Which would not occur when the body temperature is too low? A) involuntary muscle contraciton B) dermal blood vessel dilation C) sweat production D) Neither dermal blood vessel dilation nor sweat production would occur. 53. Describe how sweat cools the body and explain why sitting in front of a fan cools the body more rapidly. Ans: sweat absorbs body heat and carries the heat away by evaporation. Sitting in front of a fan increases the rate of sweat evaporation. Page 41