Global Trends in Student Mobility

Transcription

1 Global Trends in Student Mobility Alison Kennedy UNESCO Institute for Statistics Toronto, 4 November 20

2 Expanding tertiary systems Globally, tertiary enrolment has grown more than five-fold over the past four decades Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, time series data.

3 Growing numbers of mobile students Since 1980, the number of mobile students has grown by almost three fold though the rate has held steady Average outbound mobility ratio 2.2% 2.0% 1.9% 2.0% 3

4 Data and Method Who are internationally mobile students? Citizenship Permanent residence Prior education Students in exchange programmes are excluded Report: host countries Survey: 208 countries or territories Respondents: 153 countries or territories i Coverage: 94% of global tertiary enrolment 4

5 Major host countries % 60% of the world s mobile students study in just 6 countries Shares of world's mobile students Uni nited States United Kingdom France Australia Germany Russian Fed. Japan Canada Italy South Africa Austria China Korea, Rep. Spain Ukraine Egypt Remaining countries Source: UOE and UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

6 Major host countries Share of global mobile students and inbound mobility rate in major host countries, 2008 Source: UOE and UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

7 Major sending countries Top 15 sending countries together account for 2/5 of all mobile students Share of world mobile students (%) Outbound mobility ratio (%) 12 Percent China India Korea, Rep. Germany United States Japan Malaysia Kazakhstan Canada France Russian Fed. Morocco Turkey Viet Nam Italy 7 Source: UOE and UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

8 Outbound mobility ratio Outbound mobility ratio by country,

9 Where do mobile students study? Above the line Share of mobile students studying within their region o origin Below the line Share of mobile students studying outside their region origin SSA SWA LAC CA CEE AS EAP NA WE Percentage of f mobile students by destinat tion (%) Western Europe East Asia and the Pacific North America Central Asia Centra al and Eastern Europe Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Arab States South and West Asia Region of origin

10 To what extent are mobile students dispersed across different countries? Namibia N Japan Canada C Korea, Rep. I ndia United Kingd dom France China United States Iran I Dispersion index values Students are concentrated in few countries Students are dispersed over many countries

11 Spotlight on North America 11

12 How many mobile students come to Canada? How many Canadians study abroad? Number of mobile students in and from Canada, 1999 to International students in Canada (inbound) Canadian students abroad (outbound) 93 Num mber of studen nts (00) Average annual growth rate= 13% Average annual growth rate =5%

13 Where do Canadian students study abroad? Main destinations for Canadian students, 2008 United States United States United Kingdom United Kingdom Australia Australia France France 3 3 Ireland Ireland 1 1 Germany Germany 1 New Zealand New Zealand Remaining Remaining Percent Percent 13

14 Which countries are the main sources of mobile students? In Canada, the largest sources of international students in 1999 and 2007 Numbe er of student ts (00) (23%) 8.3 (9%) (14%) (11%) China United States France India Korea, Rep. Iran Morocco China, Hong Kong SAR Japan Pakistan 14

15 What is the composition of the mobile student population? A comparison In Canada, European Union, India and the U.S, the distribution of mobile students by region of origin, Perce ent United States Canada European Union India E Asia/Pacific SW Asia LAC W Europe C Europe/C Asia Sub-Saharan Africa NAmerica Arab States not specified 15 Source: UOE and UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

16 How diverse are mobile student populations in host countries? Camer roon States United Canad da United Kingdom Belgiu um Students are from few countries Students are from many countries 16

17 What is the distribution of mobile graduates by level of education? By host country, the distribution of mobile graduates by level of study, 2008 % Source: UOE and UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 17

18 Share of mobile students in each level of education in Canada Bachelor Mobile students 5% Master's Mobile students 13% Ph.D. Mobile students 16% Local students 95% Local students 87% Local students 84% 18 Source: UOE and UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

19 What are the most popular fields of study for mobile students? In Canada, the distribution ib ti of students t by field of study, 2007 Mobile students in a given field of study as a share of all mobile students in Canada 35 Canadian students in a given field of study as a share of all Canadian students Percent Business and administration Science Engineering, manufacturing and construction Social sciences and law Humanities and Arts Health and welfare Education Services Agriculture 19 Source: UOE and UNESCO Institute for Statistics.

20 Summary Key trends in global student mobility The fast-growing mobile student population has kept pace with the expansion of tertiary education sector worldwide Disparity in outbound mobility among regions: highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (5% of students), lowest in North America (0.5%) Mobile students staying in own region: 77% in Western Europe, 2% in South and West Asia. Canada Inbound students: Canada attracts a diverse mobile student population 61% of mobile students enroll in first degree programmes 32% of mobile students study business and administration Outbound students: 3 out of 0 tertiary students from Canada study abroad Highly concentrated in four countries: U.S. (65%), U.K. (11%), Australia (%) and France (3%), with little change over time 20