Quick Vocabulary. Lesson 1. Lesson 2. International Date Line longitude line 180 east or west of the prime meridian

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2 Quick Vocabulary Lesson 1 Lesson 2 International Date Line longitude line 180 east or west of the prime meridian latitude distance, measured in degrees, north or south of the equator longitude distance, measured in degrees, east or west of the prime meridian map legend key that explains symbols on a map map scale relates distances on a map to actual distances map view shows Earth s surface from above prime first in rank profile view shows an object as though you were looking at it from the side time zone area on Earth where people use the same time aerial operating or occurring overhead contour interval elevation difference between contour lines that are next to each other contour line topographic map line that connects points of equal elevation cross section shows vertical slice through rocks below Earth s surface elevation height above sea level geologic map shows the surface geology of an area relief difference in elevation between the highest and lowest point remote sensing collecting information about an area without being there slope measured steepness of the land topographic map shows detailed shapes and natural and humanmade features of Earth s surface Mapping Earth 3

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4 Lesson Outline LESSON 1 Maps A. Understanding Maps 1. A map is a(n) of Earth s surface. 2. When a map is drawn in, it appears as though you were looking down on an area from above Earth s surface. 3. Cross sections are drawn in. This view shows a(n) slice through the ground, as though you were looking at Earth s interior from the side. 4. A(n) lists all the symbols used on the map. It also what each symbol means. 5. A(n) determines how large or how small a map might be. a. A map scale shows the relationship between on a map and actual on the ground. b. A scale can be written in words, as a(n), or as a scale bar. B. Reading Maps 1. An imaginary on Earth s surface is used to find locations. 2. North-south grid lines on a globe run from one to another and encircle Earth. a. The reference line that passes through Greenwich, England, is the. b. The distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian is. 3. East-west grid lines on a globe are lines of. a. The reference line halfway between the North and South Poles is the. b. Latitude lines form complete, circles, with the equator being the largest circle. 10 Mapping Earth

5 Lesson Outline continued C. Plotting Locations 1. Earth is a sphere, which can be divided into degrees. a. The maximum latitude is one-fourth of the distance around Earth, or degrees north or south. b. The maximum longitude is half the distance around Earth, or degrees east or west. 2. To describe a location, name its latitude and its longitude, giving its first. 3. Each degree of latitude or longitude is divided into 60, which is further divided into 60 seconds. 4. A(n) is an area between two meridians in which every part has the same time. a. Generally, the width of a time zone is 15. b. Time changes by when going from one time zone to another. c. The line of longitude 180 east or west of the prime meridian is the. d. When you cross the International Date Line from to D. Map Projections, it becomes one day later. 1. A(n) shows the surface of Earth on a flat surface. 2. A(n) is formed by placing a light at the center of a globe and projecting the grid pattern on the globe onto a cylinder wrapped around the globe. a. These maps are accurate in showing shapes near the. b. Shapes near the look much larger than they actually are. 3. A(n) is formed by placing a light at the center of a globe and projecting the grid pattern on the globe onto a cone wrapped around the globe. Mapping Earth 11

6 Content Practice A LESSON 1 Maps Directions: Label these diagrams by writing the correct term from the word bank on each line. Each term is used only once. eastern hemisphere equator lines of latitude lines of longitude northern hemisphere prime meridian southern hemisphere western hemisphere N 90 N 60 N 30 N 30 N 30 S 30 S 60 S 60 S 90 S W 120 W 60 W W E 30 W 0 30 E 120 E 60 E 90 E Mapping Earth 13

7 Content Practice B LESSON 1 Maps Los Angeles, CA International Date Line New York, NY P.M. A.M. P.M. Directions: Use the map to answer each question or respond to each statement. 1. Is this map drawn in map view or profile view? Explain your answer. 2. What do the numbers at the bottom of the map mean? 3. What is the difference between the International Date Line and a time zone? 4. Is the map shown above a cylindrical or a conical projection? Explain your answer. 14 Mapping Earth

8 Math Skills LESSON 1 Ratio Scale A ratio is a comparison of two numbers by division. A map scale is the ratio of the distance on a map to the actual distance; the ratio establishes the map scale. The map scale may be written as distance on map : actual distance. For example, 1 cm:10 km means that one centimeter on the map represents an actual distance of 10 km. Find the actual distance represented by 3 cm on a map that has the scale 1 cm:10 km. Step 1 Identify the map scale and write it as a fraction. 1 cm 10 km Step 2 Write an equation to apply the map scale to the measurement. 1 cm 10 km = 3 n cm Step 3 Solve for n, which represents the actual distance. Cross-multiply to change the proportion to an equation. Then solve the equation. 1 n = 3 10 n = 30 km Practice 1. A map of a city has a scale of 1 cm : 2 km. What is the actual distance represented by 3 cm on the map? 2. The distance between two forest preserves measures 5 cm on a map. The map scale is 1 cm : 6 km. What is the actual distance between the forests? 3. The length of a hiking trail measures 2.5 cm on a map. If the map scale is 1 cm : 2 km, what is the actual length of the hiking trail? 4. The distance between the homes of two friends measures 0.5 cm on a map. If the map scale is 2 cm : 1 km, what is the actual distance between their homes? Mapping Earth 15

9 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Maps Key Concept How can a map help determine a location? Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once. 1. pattern of lines that intersect 2. sphere-shaped model of Earth 3. east-west line halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole 4. distance, measured in degrees, north or south of the equator 5. reference line passing through Greenwich, England 6. north-south reference lines that make semicircles going halfway around the globe 7. distance, measured in degrees, east or west of the prime meridian 8. division of Earth into halves 9. model of Earth s surface 10. shows Earth s surface as though you are looking at it from above 11. shows a side view of an object 12. shows how distances on a map relate to actual distances on Earth 13. type of map scale, such as 1 cm:1 km 14. shows what symbols on a map mean 15. area on Earth s surface where people use the same time 16. line of longitude 180 east or west of the prime meridian A. longitude B. map C. map view D. grid E. meridians F. profile view G. equator H. ratio I. International Date Line J. time zone K. globe L. map scale M. hemispheres N. latitude O. map legend P. prime meridian Mapping Earth 17

10 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Maps Key Concept How can a map help determine a location? Equator Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question. 1. How do lines of latitude run in relation to the equator? 2. What does each pair of meridians make? 3. Which line of latitude divides the globe in half? 4. Into how many degrees is the globe divided? 5. What is the degree marking for the equator? 6. At which degrees latitude is the North Pole located? 7. How many degrees of east longitude are there? 8. What are longitude and latitude further divided into? 9. Which measurement is always read first latitude or longitude? 10. How is the following location read: 70 S,25 E? 18 Mapping Earth

11 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Maps Key Concept How can a map help determine a location? Directions: Match each map feature with its purpose. Write the letter or letters of the correct purpose(s) in the middle column. Some features will have more than one purpose. Mapmaking Tools and Features Answers Purpose of Mapmaking Feature Map scale 1. A. used to signify where people reference the same time Map ratio 2. B. used to find the location of Anchorage, Alaska Map legend 3. C. used to know which day it is when crossing the Pacific Ocean Time zone 4. D. used to accurately locate reference points International Date Line 5. E. relates distances on a map to the actual distances on Earth Prime meridian 6. F. used to represent certain features on Earth s surface Equator 7. G. used to find the length of a road Lines of longitude 8. H. used for changing time one hour at a time Lines of latitude 9. I. shows all the symbols used on a map Directions: Respond to the statement on the lines provided. 10. Explain what you can learn from looking at a map of the world. Mapping Earth 19

12 Name Date Class Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Maps Key Concept Why are there different map projections for representing Earth s surface? Greenland North America South America Cylindrical Projection Conical Projection Directions: Use the diagrams to respond to each statement. Map Characteristic Cylindrical Projection Map Conical Projection Map 1. Describe how the map represents shapes on Earth. 2. Describe how the grid system represents lines of latitude. 3. Describe how the grid system represents meridians. 4. Describe how the map represents continents. 5. Describe how the map represents the equator. 20 Mapping Earth Cylindrical and Conical Projections

13 Lesson Quiz A LESSON 1 Maps Matching Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once. 1. distance, in degrees, east or west of the prime meridian 2. shows a side view of an object 3. shows Earth s surface as though you are looking down on it from above 4. relates distances on a map to actual distances on Earth A. latitude B. longitude C. map scale D. map view E. profile view True or False 5. distance in degrees north or south of the equator Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. 6. A cylindrical projection makes land near the poles seem smaller than it actually is. 7. If you cross the International Date Line from west to east, it is a day earlier. 8. A map scale explains all the symbols used on any type of map. 9. A conical projection shows the shapes of areas near the equator accurately. 10. Two cities between two meridians that are next to one another are in the same time zone. 24 Mapping Earth

14 Lesson Quiz B LESSON 1 Maps Completion Directions: On each line, write the term or phrase from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Not all terms are used. gain International Date Line lose map legend map scale meridians prime meridian time zone 1. Colors and symbols used on a map are shown in the. 2. A(n) relates distance on a map to actual distance on Earth s surface. 3. A(n) is an area on Earth s surface between two where the time is the same. 4. You a day when traveling east to west across the. Short Answer Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 5. Compare and contrast a profile view and a map view. 6. Compare and contrast latitude and longitude. 7. Compare and contrast conical and cylindrical projections. Mapping Earth 25

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16 Lesson Outline LESSON 2 Technology and Mapmaking A. Types of Maps 1. There are several types of maps, depending on the of the map. a. maps show features such as mountains and lakes. b. maps use shading and shadows to show mountains and flat areas. c. A(n) map shows boundaries between countries, states, and townships. d. People use maps to find their way from one place to another. 2. A(n) shows the natural features of Earth s surface as well as many of its detailed shapes. 3. The height above sea level of any point on Earth s surface is the point s. a. is the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in an area. b. On a topographic map, connect points of equal elevation. 4. On a topographic map, only the are labeled with the elevation. 5. The difference in elevation between two contour lines that are next to each other is the. a. If contour lines are close together, the of the land is steep. b. Information from contour lines can be used to draw an accurate of the topography of the land. 6. The on a topographic map describes the symbols used on the map. Mapping Earth 29

17 Lesson Outline continued 7. show the surface geology of an area. a. Different formations on a geologic map are shown by different colors and. b. Geologists use a(n), a type of diagram, to show a vertical slice through rocks below the surface. B. Making Maps Today 1. Today, people use computers and data from to make maps. 2. The is a group of satellites used for navigation. a. A GPS receiver uses signals from several satellites to calculate its. b. GPS is used for by people in airplanes and ships. 3. A(n) stores and analyzes data sent to it, usually by GPS. a. Mapmakers use this data to create. b. GIS creates different map of the same location. 4. When you collect information about an area without having physical contact with it, you use. a. Much remote -sensing information used to make maps is now supplied by. b. One important use of remote sensing is to detect over time in an area. 5. The series of satellites known as scans Earth s entire surface every 16 days. Using this data to study scientists follow climate changes and bird populations. 6. The and satellites have been used in measuring bulges and valleys below the ocean s surface. 7. Sound is used to map the ocean floor when sonar is used from a ship. helps 30 Mapping Earth

18 Content Practice A LESSON 2 Technology and Mapmaking Directions: Complete this concept map by choosing terms from the word bank and writing them in the correct spaces. changes colors combines computer data creating maps detailed information elevation navigation satellites slope surface geology symbols Geologic Map Topographic Map GPS What does a geologic map show? 9. What are used to show rock formations on this type of map? What do contour lines show on this type of map? What does GPS use to mark location? 3. What are two uses for GPS? GIS What does GIS do? 8. Technology and Mapmaking Remote Sensing What can a map made by remote sensing show about Earth s surface? 6. What can be seen by comparing remote sensing images? Mapping Earth

19 Content Practice B LESSON 2 Technology and Mapmaking Directions: Put a check mark under the type of map where each map feature is present. Some features are present in more than one type of map. Map Feature Topographic Map Geologic Map Political Map Road Map GIS 1. surface shapes 2. contour lines to show elevation 3. symbol showing an urban area 4. boundaries between countries 5. the age of rock in an area 6. highways 7. colors to show rock formations 8. mountains 9. the high point on a mountain 10. cities and villages 11. symbol showing vegetation 12. symbols to show rock formations 13. lakes and rivers 14. soil type 15. the location of earthquake faults 16. gravel roads Mapping Earth 33

20 Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Technology and Mapmaking Key Concept What can a topographic map tell you about the shape of Earth s surface? Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. 1. Topographic maps are maps that show the boundaries between states, countries, and other political territories. 2. Topography refers to the shape of Earth s surface. 3. Elevation is the steepness of land. 4. The difference in elevation between the highest and the lowest points in an area is relief. 5. Lines that connect points of land at the same elevation are contour lines. 6. Contour lines can be seen on Earth s surface. 7. The difference between contours that are next to each other is the contour interval. 8. Slope is the height above sea level. 9. A topographic profile map shows the shape of Earth s surface as viewed from above. Mapping Earth 37

21 Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Technology and Mapmaking Key Concept What can a topographic map tell you about the shape of Earth s surface? Directions: Answer each question in the space provided. Map Features Question Answer What is the purpose of contour lines on a map? 1. How is relief determined? 2. What do the small loop and dot on the top of a topographic map indicate? What do the V-shaped contours pointing downhill indicate? What does the narrow bottom of a V-shaped contour pointing uphill indicate? What do contour lines spaced far apart indicate? What do contour lines spaced close together indicate? What do brown contour lines indicate? What do blue contour lines indicate? What does green on a topographic map indicate? What does pink on a topographic map indicate? Mapping Earth

22 Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Technology and Mapmaking Key Concept What can you learn from geologic maps about the rocks near Earth s surface? Directions: Answer each question in the space provided. Map Feature Question Answer What three features are part of surface geology? 1. What is a geologic formation? 2. What do the different colors on geologic maps indicate? 3. What are two things you can learn about rock from a geologic map? Where are periods of rock formation noted on a geologic map? What is a geologic cross section? What can be learned from studying a geologic cross section? How is information gathered to create a geologic cross section? Mapping Earth 39

23 Lesson Quiz A LESSON 2 Technology and Mapmaking Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer. 1. would NOT show the shape of a volcano. A. A topographic map B. An aerial photograph C. A geologic cross section 2. A steep slope can be indicated by A. an index contour. B. a large contour interval. C. very close contour lines. 3. are NOT shown on a geologic map. A. Faults B. Rock formations C. Color of the rocks True or False 4. Which item would be most useful in an unfamiliar city? A. a GPS unit B. a Jason-1 image C. a digital map based on GIS data Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F is the statement is false. 5. A topographic map shows the differences in elevation of an area. 6. At least two GPS signals are needed to determine a location. 7. A contour line connects points in an area that are at different elevations. 8. Digital maps based on GIS data are made by layering different types of data. 9. Remote-sensing techniques might be used to monitor forest fires. 10. Landsat is a group of satellites that collect data about the ocean floor. Mapping Earth 43

24 Lesson Quiz B LESSON 2 Technology and Mapmaking Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question, write the letter of correct answer. 1. Which item would NOT be useful for completing a geography project on the rock and mineral resources of your state? A. a GIS database B. a GPS handheld unit C. a geologic map of the state D. Landsat images of the state 2. Which item would be most useful in studying coral reefs around the world? A. geologic maps B. Jason-1 images C. Landsat images D. topographic maps 3. Which item is NOT shown on a topographic map? A. faults B. relief C. vegetation D. contour lines Completion Directions: On each line, write the term or phrase that correctly completes each sentence. 4. A profile view of rocks beneath the surface is a(n). 5. At least receivers are needed for a GPS unit to accurately calculate location. 6. A(n) connects points of equal elevation in an area. 7. A flat area on a topographic map is shown by contour lines that are. 8. techniques might be used to monitor the number of trees that are being cut down in a forest. 9. Hikers might use a(n) and a(n) to navigate an unfamiliar area. 44 Mapping Earth

25 Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 1: Maps A. Understanding Maps 1. A map is a(n) model of Earth s surface. 2. When a map is drawn in map view, it appears as though you were looking down on an area from above Earth s surface. 3. Cross sections are drawn in profile view. This view shows a(n) vertical slice through the ground as though you were looking at Earth s interior from the side. 4. A(n) map legend lists all the symbols used on the map. It also explains what each symbol means. 5. A(n) map scale determines how large or how small a map might be. a. A map scale shows the relationship between distance on a map and actual distance on the ground. b. A scale can be written in words, as a(n) ratio, or as a scale bar. B. Reading Maps 1. An imaginary grid on Earth s surface is used to find locations. 2. North-south grid lines on a globe run from one pole to another and encircle Earth. a. The reference line that passes through Greenwich, England, is the prime meridian. b. The distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian is longitude. 3. East-west grid lines on a globe are lines of latitude. a. The reference line halfway between the North and South Poles is the equator. b. Latitude lines form complete, parallel circles, with the equator being the largest circle. C. Plotting Locations 1. Earth is a sphere, which can be divided into 360 degrees. a. The maximum latitude is one-fourth of the distance around Earth, or 90 degrees north or south. b. The maximum longitude is half the distance around Earth, or 180 degrees east or west. 2. To describe a location, name its latitude and its longitude, giving its latitude first. 3. Each degree of latitude or longitude is divided into 60 minutes, each of which is further divided into 60 seconds. T2 Mapping Earth Lesson Outline continued 4. A(n) time zone in an area between two meridians in which every part has the same time. a. Generally, the width of a time zone is 15 longitude. b. Time changes by one hour when going from one time zone to another. c. The line of longitude 180 east or west of the prime meridian is the International Date Line. d. When you cross the International Date Line from east to west, it becomes one day later. D. Map Projections 1. A(n) projection shows the surface of Earth on a flat surface. 2. A(n) cylindrical projection is formed by placing a light at the center of a globe and projecting the grid pattern on the globe onto a cylinder wrapped around the globe. a. These maps are accurate in showing shapes near the equator. b. Shapes near the poles look much larger than they actually are. 3. A(n) conical projection is formed by placing a light at the center of a globe and projecting the grid pattern on the globe onto a cone wrapped around the globe. Discussion Question Describe the general location of a person who is standing at 20 N and 90 W. The person is slightly north of the equator and halfway between the prime meridian and the International Date Line, to the west of the prime meridian. Mapping Earth T3

26 Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 2: Technology and Mapmaking A. Types of Maps 1. There are several types of maps, depending on the purpose of the map. a. Physical maps show features such as mountains and lakes. b. Relief maps use shading and shadows to show mountains and flat areas. c. A(n) political map shows boundaries between countries, states, and townships. d. People use road maps to find their way from one place to another. 2. A(n) topographic map shows the natural features of Earth s surface as well as many of its detailed shapes. 3. The height above sea level of any point on Earth s surface is the point s elevation. a. Relief is the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in an area. b. On a topographic map, contour lines connect points of equal elevation. 4. On a topographic map, only the index contours are labeled with the elevation. 5. The difference in elevation between two contour lines that are next to each other is the contour interval. a. If contour lines are close together, the slope of the land is steep. b. Information from contour lines can be used to draw an accurate profile of the topography of the land. 6. The legend on a topographic map describes the symbols used on the map. 7. Geologic maps show the surface geology of an area. a. Different formations on a geologic map are shown by different colors and symbols. b. Geologists use a(n) cross section, a type of diagram, to show a vertical slice through rocks below the surface. B. Making Maps Today 1. Today, people use computers and data from satellites to make maps. 2. The Global Positioning System is a group of satellites used for navigation. a. A GPS receiver uses signals from several satellites to calculate its location. b. GPS is used for navigation by people in airplanes and ships. 3. A(n) geographic information system stores and analyzes data sent to it, usually by GPS. a. Mapmakers use this data to create digital maps. b. GIS creates different map layers of the same location. T4 Mapping Earth Lesson Outline continued 4. When you collect information about an area without having physical contact with it, you use remote sensing. a. Much remote-sensing information used to make maps is now supplied by satellites. b. One important use of remote sensing is to detect change over time in an area. 5. The series of satellites known as Landsat scans Earth s entire surface every 16 days. Using this data to study wetlands helps scientists follow climate changes and bird populations. 6. The TOPEX and Jason-1 satellites have been used in measuring bulges and valleys below the ocean s surface. 7. Sound is used to map the ocean floor when Sea Beam sonar is used from a ship. Discussion Question If you wanted to use a field map to study an area, when would you use a topographic map and when would you use a geologic map? You would use a topographic map if you wanted information about the shape and size of features on Earth s surface. You would use a geologic map if you wanted information about the materials that comprise the area. Mapping Earth T5

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