PhET Lab: Exploring Slope and Speed How does the slope of a line relate to the speed of an object?
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1 PhET Lab: Exploring Slope and Speed How does the of a relate to the speed of an object? Objectives: Explain how the of a is computed (review) Determine the of a graphed the of a given two the Explain how the of a can be used to determine the speed of an object Background: For this simulation, you will to need to know how to calculate the of a. To calculate the, you need to look at 2 the, (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). The equation used to calculate the from two points is as follows: On a graph, this can be represented as follows: There are three steps in calculating the of a straight when you are not given its equation. 1 Step One: Identify two the. 2 Step Two: Select one to be (x1, y1) and the other to be (x2, y2). 3 Step Three: Use the equation to calculate. Materials: Graphing Lines PhET simulation, accompanying handout
2 Pre-lab Question: Julio wanted to test the effect that different heights have on the speed of a car rolling down a ramp. For his experiment, Julio made sure that he used the same car with the same mass. He had a stopwatch to record the time it took for the car to reach the bottom of the ramp in each trial. He constructed the following two ramps with only the height being different. For each trial, Terrance placed the car at the top of the ramp and started the stopwatch as he released the car. He stopped the stopwatch when the car reached the bottom of the ramp. Draw Ramps 1 and 2 and write the question below. Answer in a complete sentence. Ramp 1 Ramp 2 Which car do you think would travel down the ramp in the shortest amount of time? Why?
3 Procedure: PART A: Finding the Slope 1. Create three s with different s. Copy and complete the table below in your lab notebook In the fraction that represents, describe how the top and bottom numbers (numerator and denominator) relate to the graph. 3. Write a description of that relates the fraction and the graph. 4. Describe how to calculate the of a between any two points. PART B: Speed and Graphing Madame Curie, Isaac Newton, and Neil Degrasse Tyson are enjoying an afternoon of playing Pictionary. After a few hours, everyone is getting sore from all of the sitting, so they decide they should do something active. Knowing how much Isaac Newton enjoys apples, Neil Degrasse Tyson suggests they see who can walk and balance an apple on their head for 10 meters in the shortest amount of time. Newton completes 10 meters in 9 seconds. Madame Curies completes 10 meters in 4 seconds. Tyson completes 10 meters in 7 seconds.
4 5. Create a distance vs. time graph for each scientist in your lab notebook. Label time (s) on the x-axis and distance (m) on the y-axis. Assume all scientists are starting at distance 0 m at 0 s. (See table below as a guide.) 6. each person s speed using the formula Newton Curie Tyson Speed (m/s) 7. Who won the race? Who was second? Who was third? 8. Determine the of the s from your previous graphs of speed. Copy the table below and complete in your lab notebook. Newton Curie Tyson 9. Write a description of how the speed of an object relates to its.
5 PART C: Determining the Speed of an Object Using the Slope of a Line 10. Create three s with three different s. You should start your at (0,0). The should end at 10 on the x axis but may end anywhere along the y axis (quadrant 1). speed the same way you did in the Speed and Graphing section. Copy and complete the table below in your lab notebook. Speed 11. What does the of a distance vs. time graph indicate about an object s motion? 12. How is Julio s ramp (from the pre-lab question) similar to the of a? Analysis/Conclusion: None
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