Science 9 Unit 2: Chemistry Section 2 (Ch.2)
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1 Science 9 Unit 2: Chemistry Section 2 (Ch.2)
2 We have said that atoms are the smallest piece of an element What is an element?
3 Elements and the Periodic Table Element: pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler components contains 1 type of atom see periodic table
4 Element Symbols Elements are assigned a symbol of 1 or 2 letters Uppercase letter or Uppercase letter and lowercase letter * Symbol usually represents the name (first and second letter) but sometimes comes from the Latin name ex. Iron Fe
5 Periodic table Periodic Table an arrangement of the known elements by order of increasing atomic number Used to help explain and predict properties of elements First developed by a Russian chemist Mendeleev
6 Periodic Table Period Horizontal rows of the table
7 Periodic Table Group (aka Family) Vertical columns of the table Elements in the same group/ family share similar properties
8 Periodic Table Different periodic tables will provide different information about each element They typically include: Element name 7 N Element symbol Atomic number Atomic mass
9 Periodic Table Atomic Number a number assigned to each element which represents the number of protons in each atom of that element 7 N 14.01
10 Periodic Table Atomic Number a number assigned to each element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 7 N What is Nitrogen s atomic number?
11 Periodic Table Atomic Number a number assigned to each element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 7 N What is Nitrogen s atomic number? Hint: Atomic number s never have a decimal
12 Periodic Table Atomic Number a number assigned to each element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 7 N What is Nitrogen s atomic number? 7
13 Periodic Table Atomic Mass The mass of 1 atom of a certain element 7 N What is Nitrogen s atomic mass?
14 Periodic Table Atomic Mass The mass of 1 atom of a certain element 7 N What is Nitrogen s atomic mass? 14.01
15 How did Mendeleev develop the periodic table? See p. 48
16 Element Symbols Identify the names, symbols, atomic mass, and atomic number of 20 of the most common elements Use the periodic table on pg. 50 of your text
17 Subatomic Particles Subatomic Particle Protons Electrons How to calculate Equal to the atomic number 18 Equal to the number of protons because the charges balance 18 Example: Argon (Ar) Neutrons Equal to the atomic mass subtract the atomic number = 22
18
19 Periodic Table Metals are located on the left of the table Metals
20 Periodic Table Complete the assigned worksheets comparing metals, non metals and metalloids and comparing the different chemical groups or families Information can be found on pages 51-53
21 Atomic Structure & Diagrams Remember: protons and neutrons are inside the nucleus (centre) electrons orbit outside of the nucleus in levels Each level can only hold a maximum number of electrons -2- We use Bohr diagrams to show -8- how the electrons in an element are arranged
22 Atomic Structure & Diagrams How to Draw Bohr Diagrams 1. Draw a small circle (nucleus)- put the symbol in the centre write a small p and the number of protons below the symbol write a small n and the number of neutrons below this 2. Draw a circle around the nucleus 3. Add dots to represent electrons start from inside to outside 4. Continue until you ve draw the correct number of electrons
23 Atomic Structure & Diagrams How to Draw Bohr Diagrams 1. Draw a small circle (nucleus)- put the symbol in the centre write a small p and the number of protons below the symbol write a small n and the number of neutrons below this 2. Draw a circle around the nucleus 3. Add dots to represent electrons start from inside to outside 4. Continue until you ve draw the correct number of electrons
24 Atomic Structure & Diagrams Energy Levels: the orbits outside of a nucleus where electrons are found Valence level: The outermost energy level Na 11p 12 n Valence electrons: The electrons found in the outermost energy level
25 Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Halogens Noble Gases Metals
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