Mr John Spragg. Executive Officer, Stock Feed Manufacturers Council of Australia. Sustainability and the Australian experience

Transcription

1 Mr John Spragg Executive Officer, Stock Feed Manufacturers Council of Australia Sustainability and the Australian experience

2 Sustainability and the Australian experience John Spragg Executive Officer Stock Feed Manufacturers Council of Australia

3 Australian Feed Use Mixed on farm 31% Feed Mills 54% = 6.5 MMT Total feed use 12 MMT Beef Feedlots 15% Layer 6% Broiler 31% Horse 3% Sheep 4% Other 2% Pig 13% Dairy 16% Beef Feedlot 25%

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5 Sustainable Raw Material Supplies Total grain production -MMT Export surplus Drought years Lack of dedicated feed grains

6 Grain Production Efficiency Variation in wheat and barley yield by decade More variable climatic conditions Lower rainfall frequency Increased rainfall utilisation Minimal till Crop rotation Weed control Timing plant Increased machinery capacity Breeding GM potential Wheat Production (tonnes/ha) for each mm of rainfall occurring

7 Sustainable Raw Material Utilisation Cereal Grains Available Energy Use Based on in vivo animal feeding research Funding from grains, pig, chicken meat, layer, beef and dairy industries Technology in use - testing labs, feed mills, integrated livestock producers

8 Variation in energy content of grains PGLP - (MJ/kg DM) Wheat Barley Oats Triticale Sorghum Sheep Cattle Pigs Broilers Layers Large range (3-4 MJ/kg DM) for pigs and poultry Smaller range (1-2 MJ/kg DM) for cattle and sheep Sheep higher ME than cattle ( MJ/kg DM)

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10 Range in AME content of wheat for broilers (MJ/kg)

11 Broiler AME enzyme response (MJ/kg) Commercial enzyme addition to grains: Wheat, barley and triticale = Porzyme g/tonne and phytase Phyzyme TPT 50 g/tonne; Sorghum = Rovabio Excel 200 g/tonne and phytase Phyzyme TPT 50 g/tonne; Maize = Avizyme 1500 and phytase Phyzyme TPT 50 g/tonne.

12 AME - MJ/kg Broiler AME enzyme response (MJ/kg) AME vs Enzyme response Maize Sorghum Triticale Wheat Barley Lower AME grains provided the greatest response Enzyme response - MJ/kg

13 Unlocking Sorghum s Hidden Potential Potential increase in grain production & availability Evidence pigs and broiler perform poorly in consistency compared to wheat Under valued = four main anti-nutritional factors; Phytate Tannin or polyphenols Sorghum protein called Kafirin Fibre or structural carbohydrate Understanding starch protein matrix and digestibility

14 What affects sorghum digestibility? Low starch digestibility due to proteins Kafirins α-kafirin: 80% β-kafirin: 5% γ-kafirin: 15% protein matrix resistant to enzymes High kafirin low energy Sorghum starch:protein matrix in mature endosperm 1. horny endosperm (tightly packed) 2. floury endosperm (loosely packed)

15 Sorghum grain processing Particle size Heat processing Enzyme application Cabrera 1992 Sorghum plant breeding improvements Particle size effects on FCR in sorghum based broiler diets (Selle 2012)

16 Reactive Lysine (g/kg) Sustainable Raw Material Utilisation Protein Meals amino acid availability Imported soybean meal Australian canola meal Total & reactive lysine chemical analysis correlated with in vivo lysine availability? Heat damage during oil extraction NIR calibration use: during processing meal sourcing feed formulation 25,0 20,0 15,0 Canola meal reactive lysine Intentionally over processed samples 10,0 5,0 0,0

17 NIR Prediction Lysine availability Soybean meal % Canola meal 73 87% Significant variation Protein and/or total lysine does not reflect available lysine 21 Canola Meal Reactive Lysine R² = 0, Wet Chemistry

18 Sustainable Feed Milling Energy Cost COST OF ELECTRICITY, BY CAPITAL CITY PLUS 1 JULY 2012 CARBON TAX

19 kwhrs/tonne of finished feed Sustainable Feed Milling Energy Use GJ/tonne of finished feed 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 13 Mash only mills in the bottom 15 electricity use ranking Average Electricity use per tonne of feed Mean value 25.2 kwhrs/tonne Feed Mill Survey sites manufacturing over 2.5MMT 0, Ranking 0,40 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 13 Mash only mills Average Natural and LPG use per tonne of feed Pellet only or Pellet + Mash mills Ranking

20 SFMCA Energy Use Survey Results Average Australian feed mill Feed volume 58,411 tonne/annum Electricity use 1,471,965 kwhrs/annum 25.2 kwhrs/tonne Gas use 10,514 GJ/annum 0.18 GJ/tonne Total energy use 15,187 GJ/annum 0.26 GJ/tonne Water use 5,123 klitres/annum 87.7 litres/tonne CO2 emissions 2,050 tonnes/annum 35.1 kg/tonne Benchmarking annual survey $$ savings through reducing energy use

21 Mt CO 2 e % Australia CO2 Emissions % 16% 50 6% 5% 7% 3% 0 Stationary Transport Fugitive Industrial Agriculture Land Use, Waste Energy Emissions Processes Change & Forestry

22 Carbon Farming Initiative The Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) allows farmers and land managers to earn carbon credits by storing carbon or reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the land. These credits can then be sold to people and businesses wishing to offset their emissions. Capturing piggery methane Biogas Reducing energy costs on site GHG emissions in grazing dairy cows through feeding changes Methane reduction - /litre milk & /kg DMI + 1% dietary fat CH4 was reduced by 3.5%

23 Carbon Farming Initiative The Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) allows farmers and land managers to earn carbon credits by storing carbon or reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the land. These credits can then be sold to people and businesses wishing to offset their emissions. GHG emissions in grazing dairy cows through feeding changes Vegetable oil supplementation and ingredients supplying oil Max. 8% fat in diet Summer greater potential - lower pasture digestibility 3 year prior baseline data methodology Potential future feed additive application Higher grain feeding application Challenge to gain sufficient carbon credit value Methodology to validate and confirm GHG reduction = feed mill data provision Need for associated other benefits = increase milk production from higher energy intake

24 Australasian Milling Conference 2014 in conjunction with PIX Gold Coast Convention Centre May 2014

25 Sustainable Feed Milling Managing Risk Stock Feed Manufacturers Council of Australia (SFMCA) Members 120 mills 6 MMT feed Only smaller mills not members and some integrated broiler/layer/pig co s. Compulsory QA Accreditation = FeedSafe Since 2003 > 90% sold feed volume Australian Lot Feeders Association (ALFA) All major feedlots MMT feed Compulsory ALFA Accreditation Only smaller opportunity feedlots not included On farm Mixing Many small producers Livestock on farm QA programs emphasis on feed and necessary detail Voluntary participation restricted market outlets for non participation

26 FeedSafe Structure Compulsory annual site audit Independent (third party) auditors, RABQSA Food Safety accredited auditors Audit against Code of Good Manufacturing Practice for Stock Feed Milling Accredited sites confirmed with State Dept Ag. Industry QA accreditation works in conjunction with Government regulation. Govt. inspection limited to BSE feed ban controls and identified risk intervention.