CITY WASTE-To-ENERGY PRACTICES IN CHINA

Transcription

1 Cities, Energy and Climate Change Mitigation Conference CITY WASTE-To-ENERGY PRACTICES IN CHINA Cheng Huiqiang Development Research Center of State Council, PRC July, 2011, Leeds

2 Outline 1 Introduction 2 The Situation of China and Beijing 3 The Practice of China and Beijing 4 The Key Domain of Cooperation 2

3 Introduction China Population, million Urban Population, million China's population is over 1.3 billion, the largest of any country in the world. 3

4 Environmental Status in China China is now under the industrialization and urbanization process, which has been accelerating since the late 1990 s. Meanwhile, China is facing the challenge of water pollution, air pollution, wastes disposal. 4

5 Policies and Actions related to Environment From the production side Circular Economy; Resource Comprehensive Utilization Process Management (LCA) energy-saving, new and renewable energy; Cleaner Production; building highways while conserving the environment; From the End-of-Pipe Treatment Side Environmental Industrial Development; Environmental Plan and Programs Policies and Measures 5

6 Effect: GDP and energy intensity Unit: 10K yuan 0 GDP energy consumption/1,000 yuan output Ref: Energy intensity in 2006 decreased by 67.7% compared to GDP in 1978 price. 6

7 Saving and Efficient Use of Energy Reduce the unreasonable or wasteful use of energy; Efficient use of energy; New and renewable energy development 7

8 II. THE SITUATION OF CHINA AND BEIJING China takes on double missions realizing the industrialization and ecologilization 8

9 Basic situations for urban waste management in China The gross of recycling renewable resources in China total 400 million tons during period,annual average recovery quantity is 8000 thousand tons, annual average increase rate is more than 12% the recycling value of mainly renewable resources is more than 650 Billion yuan In 2009, China resources recycling industry output value is more than 1 trillion yuan. 9

10 The output ratio of renewable resources industry has exceeded a percentage point ratio of GDP,and solved the employment problem of the peasant laborer and the off-duty workers, nearly 20 million people are employed. China had all kinds of waste materials recycling enterprises more than 50 thousand, recovery site 500 thousand. More than one third of the material of these products such as steel,non-ferrous metals and pulp from waste renewable resources. 10

11 On the other hand, there are approximately 5 million tons of ferrous scrap,more than 200 thousand tons of scrap non-ferrous metals, 14 million tons of waste paper and a lot of waste plastics, waste glass as well not recycling each year. Recycling and pollution control is still under a lot of pressure. China's comprehensive utilization of resources need to be further improved. 11

12 Basic situations for urban waste management in Beijing Beijing covers an area of 16,411 square kilometers, 1,368 square kilometers of which are urban area. Beijing s actual resident population has reached million by the end of 2010, of which there is 7.26 million floating population who live in Beijing over half year. The waste generation in Beijing city is 6.69 million tons in 2009,and waste generation is increased at a rate of about 8% each year. 12

13 There are 25 stations for municipal solid waste management facilities, with totally daily designed treatment capacity of 12.7 thousand tons. Ratios of sanitary landfill, biochemical treatment and incineration 80:10:10, with actual treatment quantity 17.5 thousand tons/day and municipal solid waste treatment rate is 96%. Besides, recycled materials in Beijing City in 2009 are about 4 million tons, and recycling rate of waste reaches 37%. 13

14 Waste in Beijing Generate 18.4 million tons/day Total landfill capacity is 10.3 million tons/day Trash piles are expanding by 8 percent each year Will run out of landfill land in 4 years MSW generation million tons/y

15 III. The Practice of China and Beijing Recycling Economy Development in China 15

16 Sustainable Waste Management Disadvantages of Landfill (76%) Converts greenfields to landfills forever Results in 4% of the greenhouse gases (GHG) that are already contributing to climate change A sanitary landfill is filled within years. The WTE plant can continue to serve future generations at a very low cost per ton of MSW 16

17 Sustainable Waste Management Advantages of Waste-to-Energy (22%) Larger volume reduction (approximately 90%) and Mass reduction(approximately 70%) Less land use combined energy recovery Benefit from carbon credits for renewable energy resources. Challenges Relative high costs for building the plants Public opposition in fear of the toxic gas missions, such as Dioxin 17

18 10 Program of Energy Saving Boiler and furnace improving program; Regional co-gen of heating and electricity program; Low temperature utilization for power and heat supply; Oil saving and alternatives; Engine systematization; Optical use of energy; Energy saving in constructing (or green building); Green light; Energy saving of public buildings; Capacity building of inspection and service industry. 18

19 Case Resource/Energy-saving of magnesium industry rotary kiln regenerative hot blast stove Pidgeon process to produce magnesium Coal consumption of per ton magnesium can be decreased to 5.4 ton and the thermal efficiency can be one-off improved. coke oven gas The rotary kiln is used to roast the dolomite, the regenerative hot blast stove and coke oven gas are applied on the reduction process, therefore, the utilization ratio of the raw materials and energy consumption would be improved. 19

20 Ecological and Energy Efficient Building Natural Ventilation Light-Pipe 20

21 Waste-To-Energy in Agriculture Greenhouse CO 2 O 2 Biogas for heating dung Fertilizers Tank for Biogas Digester 21

22 Biomass energy development Use agricultural residues (such as unwanted stems) to generate electricity One of the 100 on-going Biomass power plants under construction 22

23 180 The Growth of Waste-to- Energy in China MSW generation, million tons/yr Number of WTE plants WTE treatment capacity, million tons/yr Jiang Su Shang Hai Zhe Jiang Since the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese waste-to-energy (WTE) capacity has increased from 2 to 23 million tons of municipal solid wastes Guang Dong 23

24 This makes China the fourth largest user of waste-to-energy (WTE), after E.U., Japan, and the U.S. The importance of WTE in China, especially in big cities will continue to grow. 24

25 IV. The Key Domain of Cooperation China UK 25

26 1.To strengthen cooperation on establishing policies, regulations, standards and norms of waste management. such as laws related to waste management, waste disposal and waste recycling, law of renewable energy, pollution controlling law and related policies. 26

27 2.To strengthen cooperation on supporting technologies Scrap metals E-waste Municipal Sewage Sludge Food waste Construction waste Agricultural waste Wastewater treatment and recycling 27

28 3.To strengthen cooperation on analysis of material flow, facilitating product and industrial districts designing, planning and management such as product s life cycle design, life cycle engineering, life cycle accounting, industrial metabolizing analysis, ecological industrial districts planning, etc. 28

29 4.To strengthen cooperation on development of renewable energy technology. such as wind power, solar cells, bio-mass power generation equipment, gas thermoelectric cogeneration. 29

30 5.To establish platform for information communion and strengthen collaboration on personnel cultivating. To strengthen academic exchange and technological cooperation between universities, research institutions and companys. To apply projects together in State funds or other funds. 30

31 Concluding Remarks Government policies and legal support Enterprise support Science and technology support Public participation Sustainable development 31

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