WWI: The Great War. WWI: In A Glance. WWI: The Seeds of War. WWI: The Assassination 28 June, What leads to WWI?

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1 WWI: In A Glance WWI: The Great War WWI: The Seeds of War What leads to WWI? Industrial Revolution Imperialism Nationalism WWI: The Assassination 28 June, 1914 In 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia an area that shared culture and language with Serbia Since that time some Serbians wanted to free their brethren from Austrian rule. The Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (and his wife) was caused by The Black Hand, a Serbian Nationalist group. Alliances The Assassination As a political statement, the` Black Hand decided to kill the Archduke of Austria. 1

2 WWI: The Assassination 28 June, 1914 WWI: The War Begins While in a parade in Sarajevo (the capitol of Bosnia) the Archduke was assassinated. The assassination started out unsuccessful, with the first six attempts failing. Luck turned in the assassins favor however when the car carrying the archduke took a wrong turn. The seventh assassin, who was out of place, found himself with the opportunity to fire; he did, and the archduke was killed Tensions between Serbia and Austria rose, and at the same time Austria sends a strong message to the other ethnic minority groups in their area Don t even think about rebelling! By August 1914 the powers of Europe had lined up against each other Central Powers - Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Allied Powers - Great Britain France Russia Serbia Belgium *Japan *Montenegro Drawn up in 1905 by Alfred von Schlieffen, the Schlieffen plan called for Germany to invade France first Take them out of the war quickly so that they wouldn t be fighting a war on both of their sides (France and Russia) German progress was slower than expected due to terrain and resistance 2

3 What ends up developing is what Germany feared The Battle of the Marne A Western Front Marne Sept. 5-10, 1914 French and German troops collide in northeastern France After 4 days of shelling the French were able to push the Germans back 50 miles from Paris German retreat from the area signals the end to the Schlieffen Plan. An Eastern Front Years of Deadlock The Race to the North Sea results in a long line of trenches Trenches resulted in a stalemate by November 1914 Verdun and the Somme Verdun February, 1916 Germany stages a surprise attack on France at Verdun (a massive fortress in northeastern France on the Meuse River). This battle was one of the longest and bloodiest of the war More than 750,000 French and German soldiers lost their lives When fighting stopped the Western Front had only moved 10 miles Somme July 15-November 28, 1916 Britain launches an attack against Germany in the valley of the Somme River in northern France This battle too was inconclusive, but Britain did introduce the tank (with little success) 3

4 WWI: The War in the Air WWI: War at Sea The Training The Fighting WWI: The Russian Revolution WWI: US Enters Due to a revolution in Russia, they back out of the war Signing a peace treaty with Germany Even though America wanted to remain neutral, attacks to American trade vessels propel America into the war But how do you make America ready for war? 4

5 WWI: New Technology WWI: Trench Warfare Casualties were high due to the new technology and trenches -Soldiers died by shells, snipers, gas, bullets, & bayonets - In the Somme 30,000 British soldiers died in the first 4 hours - A 10 month Verdun saw 1 million killed - Shrapnel and evacuation were the big killers Trenches emerged during the First World War as a means of defense, primarily from the invention of the machine gun. In 1914 weapons development hits its peak: -The French develop a 75mm artillery gun that could be fired without re-aiming just reload! -The machine gun comes about, originally firing up to 500 rounds per 2,000 yards A problem considering generals are still using cavalry charges WWI: Trench Warfare German trenches were better They were: -Big, Deep, and DRY!!! -They had electricity - Sound-proof doors - Bunk beds and small kitchens WWI: Trench Warfare Western trenches were poorer They were: -Wet and muddy often with setting water -The setting water brought diseases - The trenches were open to noise, weather, shells 5

6 WWI: Trench Warfare WWI: Peace The trench system had many problems -Rats would feed off of the rotting flesh of the dead - The stench of rotting flesh was everywhere! - Generals were still fighting the wars of their youth (a.k.a. wars where they would charge the enemy) -WWI battles lasted months Not days or hours like previous battles There was no one decisive victory to end the war, the German War Machine ground to a halt. On the 11th hour, of the 11th day, in the 11th month of the year 1918 a cease-fire was called. WWI: Peace WWI was the bloodiest war to date in which 30 nations participated. Wilson s 14 points speech 1 5: causes of the war 6-13: boundary changes drawn along lines of nationality 14: call for a League of Nations WWI: Peace The Treaty of Versailles On Dec. 1918, Wilson and his wife travel to the Versailles Peace Conference, where America, Germany, France, and Italy attended. Wilson ends up conceding his 14 points for the League of Nations. On June 28, 1919, the treaty was signed, making 9 new nations, redrawing borders, limiting the German army, Germany had to pay reparations and war damages totaling 33 billion dollars, and admit ALL blame for war Germany finds the treaty outrageous The Treaty of Versailles laid the groundwork for WWII 6

7 WWI: Peace The Treaty of Versailles WWI: The Fallout Although America joined late, there were still casualties and wounded WWI: The Fallout War s End Numbers by Country: Casualties Others - 25,000 Serbia-Montenegro - 48,000 Bulgaria - 87,000 US - 116,000 Ottoman Empire - 325,000 Romania - 336,000 Italy - 650,000 British Empire - 908,000 Austria-Hungary million France million Russia million Germany million Wounded Others - 80,000 Serbia-Montenegro - 143,000 Bulgaria - 152,000 US - 234,000 Ottoman Empire - 400,000 Romania - 120,000 Italy - 947,000 British Empire million Austria-Hungary million France million Russia million Germany million 7