HONORS PHYSICS Unit 7 Waves Study Guide

Transcription

1 HONORS PHYSICS Unit 7 Waves Study Guide LESSON OBJECTIVES Students will be able to... use appropriate metric units for given measurements describe how waves transfer energy differently from the physical transfer of energy define the period and frequency of a wave recognize mass-spring systems and pendulums and simple harmonic systems recognize properties associated with sound waves such as intensity, wavelength and frequency recognize and define properties associated with waves such as interference, refraction and diffraction understand that standing waves of certain lengths can exist in a given system distinguish between mechanical and non-mechanical waves distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves identify musical components of sound, such as pitch and frequency SKILLS Students will be able to... use steps for solving physics problems relate the period of a simple pendulum to its length relate the frequency of a wave to the mass and the spring constant produce and identify the characteristic parts of transverse and longitudinal waves with a slinky solve problems involving frequency, wavelength, amplitude and speed of a wave label the parts transverse and longitudinal waves model the properties of waves in a sketch that describe interference, refraction, and diffraction collect and display data conduct experiments using harmonic systems and waves VOCABULARY simple harmonic motion wave medium mechanical wave electromagnetic wave transverse wave longitudinal wave crest trough amplitude wavelength period frequency wave speed Doppler effect reflection diffraction refraction interference constructive interference destructive interference standing wave 1

2 Lesson 1: Vibrations #1. Vibrational Motion, reading #2. Properties of Periodic Motion, reading #3. Pendulum Motion, reading #4. Motion of a Mass on a Spring, reading Lesson 2: The Nature of a Wave #5. Waves and Wavelike Motion, reading #6. What is a Wave?, reading and homework #7. Categories of Waves, reading Lesson 3: Properties of a Wave #8. The Anatomy of a Wave, reading and homework #9. Frequency and Period of a Wave, reading #10. Energy Transport and the Amplitude of a Wave, reading #11. The Speed of a Wave, reading and homework #12. The Wave Equation, reading Lesson 4: Behavior of Waves #13. Boundary Behavior, reading and homework #14. Reflection, Refraction, and Diffraction, reading #15. Interference of Waves, reading and homework #16. The Doppler Effect, reading Lesson 5: Standing Waves #17. Traveling Waves vs. Standing Waves, reading #18. Formation of Standing Waves, reading #19. Nodes and Anti-nodes, reading #20. Harmonics and Patterns, reading and homework #21. Mathematics of Standing Waves, reading 2

3 CONTENT OUTLINE I: The Nature of a Wave A. Vibrations and harmonic motion 1. defining vibration and harmonic motion 2. measuring harmonic motion a. period b. frequency B. Defining a wave C. Categories of Waves 1. based on motion a. longitudinal b. transverse 2. mechanical 3. non mechanical (electromagnetic) II: Properties of a Wave A. Parts of a Wave 1. longitudinal a. compression b. rarefaction c. amplitude d. wavelength 2. transverse a. crest b. trough c. amplitude d. wavelength B. Wave Motion and the Wave Equation 1. speed 2. frequency 3. period III: Behavior of Waves A. Boundary Behavior 1. reflection 2. diffraction 3. refraction B. Wave Interaction 1. constructive interference 2. destructive interference C. Motion (The Doppler Effect) 3

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14 Calculations If the frequency of a wave is Hz, how long does it take one wave to pass a given point? 14

15 If a given wave is 4 meters long and has a frequency of 0.1 Hz, what is the speed of the wave? A particular longitudinal wave has a speed of 340 m/s. If the wavelength is 7 m, what is the frequency? Given a speed of 1250 m/s and a frequency of 16 waves per second, what is the wavelength? If light travels 3 x 10 8 m/s with a wavelength of 700 nm, the light is violet. What is the frequency of violet light? Suppose you tie one end of a rope to a door knob and shake the other end with a frequency of 2 Hz. The wave you create has a wavelength of 3 m. What is the speed of the waves along the rope? Ocean wave are hitting a beach at a rate of 2.0 Hz. The distance between wave crests is 12m. Calculate the speed of the wave. All electromagnetic waves have the same speed in empty space (3.0 x 10 8 m/s). Calculate the wavelength give the following frequencies: a. radio waves that travel at 660 khz. b. X rays at 3.0 x Hz c. visible light at 6.0 x Hz Microwaves range in wavelength from 1mm to 3 cm. Calculate their range of frequcney. Remember, all electromagnetic radiation has a speed of. What is the frequency of a wave if you tap your finger in a pool of water twice each second? 15

16 If the waves from above travel away from your finger with a speed of 1 m/s, what is their wavelength? A musical note A above middle C has a frequency of 440 Hz. If the speed of sound is 350 m/s, what is the wavelength of this note? A buoy bobs up and down in the ocean. The waves have a wavelength of 2.5 m, and they pass the buoy at a speed of 4.0 m/s. What is the frequency and period of the waves? Waves in a lake are 6 m apart and pass a person on a raft every 2 s. What is the speed of the wave? A wave with a frequency of 60.0 Hz travels through vulcanized rubber with a wavelength of 0.90 m. What is the speed of this wave? 16

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