Technical Redline ED.03

Transcription

1 echnical Redline ED. GE Consumer & Industrial Power Protection Modular DINrail devices and residential enclosures Just feel protected GE imagination at work

2 Redline Miniature circuit breakers echnical Data ElfaPlus Circuit Protection Line protection using MCB s Protection against overloads Protection of phase conductor Protection of neutral conductor Protection against shortcircuit ransformers in parallel Letthrough energy Maximum protected cable length in the event of shortcircuit (Icc min) Characteristics according to EN/IEC 898 Characteristics according to EN/IEC 97 People Protection Addon Devices Definitions Selectivity Association (backup protection) Use in DC Influence of ambient air temperature on the rated current ripping current as a function of the frequency Power losses Limitation curves letthrough energy I t Limitation curves peak current Ip ripping curves according to EN/IEC 898 Application Selective circuit breaker S9 ext for specifiers Dimensional drawings Comfort Functions.

3 Redline Circuit Protection Line protection by means of MCB s Protective devices shall be capable of breaking any overcurrent up to and including the prospective shortcircuit current at the point where the device is installed. One of the protective devices complying with those conditions is the MCB. Protection against overloads According to IEC protective devices shall be provided to break any overload current flowing in the circuit conductors before such a current could cause a temperature rise detrimental to insulation, joints or surrounding goods to the conductors. he operating characteristics of a device protecting a cable against overload shall satisfy the two following conditions: l B ln lz l. lz Circuit characteristic Protective device characteristic I B = Current for which the circuit is designed. I Z = Continuous current carrying capacity of the cable. In= Nominal current of the protective device. I = Current ensuring effective operation of the protective device. In and I are values provided by the manufacturer of the protective device. Calculation of the cable cross section shall be done following the national wiring regulations as well as the IEC standard. he maximum current admissible by the conductor (Iz) depends of following factors:. Conductor crosssection.. Insulation material.. Composition of the conductor.. Ambient temperature.. Emplacement and canalisation. Protection of phase conductor Protection of overcurrent shall be provided for all phase conductors; it shall cause the disconnection of the conductor in which the overcurrent is detected, but not necessarily of other live conductor except in the following cases: In or N systems, for circuits supplied between phases and in which the neutral conductor is not distributed, overcurrent detection need to be provided for one of the phase conductors, provided that the following conditions are simultaneously fulfilled: here is, in the same circuit or on the supply side a differential protection intended to cause disconnection of all the phase conductors; he neutral conductor is not distributed from an artificial neutral point of the circuit situated on the load side of the differential protective device. In I systems it is mandatory to protect all the phase conductors. Protection of neutral conductor I system In I systems it is strongly recommended that the neutral conductor should not be distributed. However, when the neutral conductor is distributed, it is generally necessary to provide overcurrent detection for the neutral conductor of every circuit, which will cause the disconnection of all live conductors of the corresponding circuit, including the neutral conductor. his measure is not necessary if: he particular neutral conductor is effectively protected against shortcircuit by a prospective device placed on the supply side. or if the particular circuit is protected by a RCD with a rated residual current not exceeding, times the currentcarrying of the corresponding neutral conductor. his device shall disconnect all the live conductors of the corresponding circuit, including the neutral conductor. & N systems Where the cross sectional area of the neutral conductor is at least equal or equivalent to that of the phase conductors, it is not neccesary to provide overcurrent detection for the neutral conductor or a disconnecting device for that conductor. Where the cross sectional area of the neutral conductor is less than that of the phase conductor, it is neccesary to provide overcurrent detection for the neutral conductor, appropiate to the crosssectional area of that conductor; this connection shall cause the disconnection of the phase conductor, but not neccesarily of the neutral conductor..

4 However, overcurrent detection does not need to be provided for the neutral conductor if the following two conditions are simultaneously fulfilled: he neutral conductor is protected against shortcircuit by the protective device for the phase conductors of the circuit, and he maximum current likely to traverse the neutral conductor is, in normal service, clearly less than the value of the currentcarrying capacity of that conductor. System NC, PEN conductor NS separate PE & N conductors I S N =S F III+N P PN PN+ RCD P PN+ RCD S N <S F III+N P PN PN+ RCD P III P P+ RCD P I+N P PN PN+ RCD P S N = Crosssection of neutral conductor S F = Crosssection of phase conductor P = Protected pole RCD= Residual current device N = Neutral pole II P P+ RCD P Protection against shortcircuit According to IEC protective devices shall be provided to break any shortcircuit current flowing in the circuit conductors before such a current could cause danger due to thermal and mechanical effects produced in conductors and connections. o consider that an installation is well protected against shortcircuits, it is required that the protective device complies with the following conditions: he breaking capacity shall not be less than the prospective shortcircuit current at the place of its installation. Icc: Maximum value of the shortcircuit current in that point. Icu: Shortcircuit capacity of the protective device. Calculation of Icc he value of the shortcircuit current flowing at the end of a cable depends on the shortcircuit current flowing at the begining of the cable (transformer terminals), the cross section as well as its length. echnical Data Icu Icc Letthrough energy I t smaller than admissible energy of the cable. According to IEC 7 there are some cases where the omission of devices for protection against overload is recommended for circuits supplying currentused equipment where unexpected opening of the circuit could cause danger. Examples of such a cases are: Excitation circuit of rotating machines. Supply circuit of lifting magnets. Secondary circuits of current transformers. As in those cases the Iu>Iz, it is necessary to verify the shortcircuit value at the point of the installation to ensure the protection (Icc min) Shortcircuit current at the transformer terminals (Icc ) hree phase oil transformer V ransformer power kva 8 Voltage Ucc in % In Arms Icc ka rms

5 . Circuit Protection Calculation of the shortcircuit current in function of: Icc, crosssection and length of the conductor. he following table provides information to calculate approximately the shortcircuit current at a relevant point of the installation Values shorter than.8m or longer than km are not considered. All values are for voltage V. Correction coefficient Example Cable with cross section 9 mm Cu, m length, and shortcircuit current at the transformer terminals of ka. Estimated shortcircuit current of ka at the end of the cable. Redline V V Line protection Copper conductor mm Length of the line in m Icc o (ka) x9 x x x8 x x9 x x x8 x Voltage K Icc at the origin of the cable Shortcircuit current at the end of the cable

6 . echnical Data Line protection Aluminium conductor mm Length of the line Values shorter than.8m or longer than km are not considered. All values are for voltage V. Correction coefficient Example Cable with cross section mm Al, m length, and shortcircuit current at the transformer terminals of ka. Estimated shortcircuit current of. ka at the end of the cable x9 x x x8 x x9 x x x8 x Icc o (ka) Icc at the origin of the cable V V.8. Voltage K Shortcircuit current at the end of the cable

7 Redline Circuit Protection ransformers in parallel In the case of several transformers in parallel there are some points of the installation where the Icc is the sum of the shortcircuit currents provided by each transformer. he shortcircuit capacity of the protective devices shall be calculated taking into consideration the following criteria: Shortcircuit in A: Icu Icc + Icc Shortcircuit in F: Icu Icc Shortcircuit in D: Icu Icc + Icc + Icc Letthrough energy he standard IEC describes that the current limiting of the conductors (K S ) shall be equal or greater than the letthrought energy (I t) quoted by the protective device. he K coefficient depends on the conductor insulation. S is the cross section of the conductor. Copper conductor Insulation K= Cross section mm PVC I t K S Rubber Polyethylene XLPE Maximum admissible value K S x Aluminium conductor Insulation PVC Rubber Polyethylene XLPE K= Cross section mm Maximum admissible value K S x

8 Maximum protected cable length in the event of shortcircuit (Icc minimum) he following values are applicable in case that the protective device does not exist or is overrated. hey are calculated according to the formula:.8. U. S Icc=. K.... L U: Voltage V,8: Reduction coefficient due to impedances S: Conductor cross section : Cu resistivity:. mm /m L: Conductor length K: Correction coeffecient Maximum protected cable length in case of shortcircuit For network x V without N, ripping characteristic C (Im: x In) It is possible to determinate the maximum cable length protected in the event of shortcircuit current in function of: he nominal current he nominal voltage he conductor characteristic he magnetic tripping characteristic of the protective device he shortcircuit current at any point of the installation shall be high enough to disconnect the protective device. o ensure the MCB disconnection, we needed to take into consideration the following table echnical Data In (A) S mm x9 x x x8 x x9 x x x8 x, Maximum protected length (m) for Cu conductor Example Network x+n with a copper conductor of 9mm crosssection and using as a protection device a MCB C. Maximum cable length: Lmax= 89x.8x.=9m Correction coefficients ripping characteristic Voltage Conductor Cross section> mm Number of cables in parallel Curve B Curve D Curve Im K x x. x /lm x V x V + N V PhaseN x V + N/ K x.8 x.8 x.8 x.9 Aluminium K x. 8 K x.9 x.8 x.8 x.7 x.7 K x. x. x. x. x..7

9 Redline Circuit Protection Characteristics according to EN/IEC 898 Miniature Circuit Breakers are intended for the protection of wiring installations against both overloads and shortcircuits in domestic or commercial wiring installations where operation is possible by uninstructed people. ripping characteristic curves B, C and D Rated shortcircuit breaking capacity (Icn) Is the value of the shortcircuit that the MCB is capable of withstanding in the following test of sequence of operations: OtCO After the test the MCB is capable, without maintenance to withstand a dielectric strength test at a test voltage of 9V. Moreover the MCB shall be capable of tripping when loaded with.8 In within the time corresponding to. In but greater than.s. Service shortcircuit breaking capacity (Ics) Is the value of the shortcircuit that the MCB is capable of withstanding in the following test of sequence of operations: OtCOtCO After the test the MCB is capable, without maintenance to withstand a dielectric strength test at a test voltage of V. Moreover the MCB shall not trip when a current of.9 In. he MCB shall trip within h when current is. In. Magnetic release An electromagnet with plunger ensures instantaneous tripping in the event of shortcircuit. he standard distinguishes three different types, following the current for instantaneous release: type B,C,D. O Represents an opening operation CO Represents a closing operation followed by an automatic opening. t Represents the time interval between two successive shortcircuit operations: minutes. he relation between the Rated shortcircuit capacity (Icn) and the Rated service shortcircuit breaking capacity (Ics) shall be as follows: lcn (A) Ics (A) lcn (A) B C D est current x ln x ln x ln x ln x ln x ln ** if In A, t < 8s ripping time. < t < s (In A). < t < 9s (In > A) t <.s. < t < s (In A). < t < s (In > A) t <.s. < t < s(**) (In A). < t < 8s (In > A) t <.s Applications Only for resistive loads such as: electrical heating water heater stoves Usual loads such as: lighting socket outlets small motors Control and protection of circuits having important transient inrush currents (large motors) > >.7 lcn min..7 lcn min. 7 hermal release he release is initiated by a bimetal strip in the event of overload. he standard defines the range of releases for specific overload values. Reference ambient temperature is C. est current. x ln ripping time t h (ln A) t h (ln > A). x ln t < h (ln A) t < h (ln > A). x ln s < t < s (ln A) s < t < s (ln > A).8

10 Information on product according to EN/IEC 898 Example: P MCB C characteristic A rade mark Approvals on shoulder Rated current proceeded by the symbol of the tripping curve Rated shortcircuit breaking capacity Icn Rated voltage Product name Electric diagram Catalogue number ONOFF indicator echnical Data Approvals on front echnical data according to IEC 97 Use of an MCB Safety terminals to avoid incorrect introduction of wires Contact position indicator Access to the mechanism for extensions oggle Bistable clip Rail for terminal indicator Bifunctional terminal for connectivity through busbars/wires.9

11 Redline Characteristics according to EN/IEC 97 Miniature Circuit Breakers are intended for the protection of the lines against both overloads and shortcircuits in industrial wiring installations where normally operation is done by instructed people. Circuit Protection ripping characteristic curves B, C, D and Z ripping characteristic curve K (Z) (B) 8.(C) (D and M) 8 (K).. Magnetic release An electromagnet with plunger ensures instantaneous tripping in the event of shortcircuit. he standard leaves the calibration of magnetic release to the manufacturer s discretion. GE offers instantaneous tripping ranges: Z:. ln B: ln C: 8. In (7. In for A) D and M: ln hermal release he release is initiated by a bimetal strip in the event of overload. he standard defines the range of release for two special overload values. Reference ambient temperature is: C for G and G (B, C, D) C for G and G (B, C, D) C for EP and EP (Z) Magnetic release An electromagnet with plunger ensures instantaneous tripping in the event of shortcircuit. he standard leaves the calibration of magnetic release to the manufacturer s discretion. GE offers instantaneous tripping ranges: K: ln Motors starting I = In, tripping > s. hermal release he release is initiated by a bimetal strip in the event of overload. he standard defines the range of release for two special overload values. Reference ambient temperature is: C for EP and EP (K) est current. x ln ripping time t h (ln A) t h (ln > A) est current. x ln ripping time t h (ln A) t h (ln > A). x ln t < h (ln A) t < h (ln > A). x ln t < h (ln A) t < h (ln > A).

12 Shortcircuit test Rated ultimate shortcircuit breaking capacity (Icu) Is the value of the shortcircuit that the MCB is capable of withstanding in the following test of sequence of operations: OtCO After the test the MCB is capable, without maintenance, to withstand a dielectric strength test at a test voltage of V. Moreover the MCB shall be capable of tripping when loaded with, In within the time corresponding to In but greater than.s. Rated service shortcircuit breaking capacity (Ics) Is the value of the shortcircuit that the MCB is capable of withstanding in the following test of sequence of operations: OtCOtCO After the test the MCB is capable, without maintenance, to withstand a dielectric strength test at a test voltage of twice its rated insulation voltage with a minimum of V. A verification of the overload releases on In and moreover the MCB shall trip within h when current is. In (for In < A) and h (for In > A). ripping characteristic curves and their applications B: Protection of generators, long distance cables, resistive loads, people protection in N systems. C: General purpose, resistive and inductive loads. D: High inductive loads, transformers LV/LV with high peak current. K: Motors, pumps, fans, transformers, lamps groups, avoiding nuisance tripping. Z: Protection of electronic loads (semi conductors etc.) and secundary measurement circuits, long distance cables allowing cost saving with smaller section. Circuits feeding motors Advantages of Kcurve protection Curve K (EN/IEC 97) versus B, C, D (EN/IEC 898) I =. x In I =. x In hermal tripping. In. In Curve B,C,D: C Curve K: C echnical Data O Represents an opening operation CO Represents a closing operation followed by an automatic opening. t Represents the time interval between two successive shortcircuit operations: minutes. Category A: Without a shorttime withstand current rating. Seconds Minutes... K curve avoids nuisance tripping at the starting of motors (typical peak In) for a minimum of seconds. B,C and D don t garantee nuisance tripping. Magnetic tripping 8 In In Utilization category Application with respect to selectivity.. 8 B C D 8 K A Circuit breakers not specifically intended for selectivity under shortcircuit conditions with respect to other shortcircuit protective devices in series on the load side, i.e. without an intentional shorttime delay provided for selectivity under shortcircuit conditions, and therefore without a shorttime withstand current rating according to... B Circuit breakers specifically intended for selectivity under shortcircuit conditions with respect to other shortcircuit protective devices in series on the load side, i.e. without an intentional shorttime delay (which may be adjustable), provided for selectivity under shortcircuit conditions. Such circuitbreakers have a shorttime withstand current rating according to....

13 Redline Information on product according to EN/IEC 97 Example: EP P A to Iu Circuit Protection rademark Rated current ripping curve Service category and calibration temperature Product name Catalogue number Electrical diagram Rated shortcircuit breaking capacity Icu/Ics Rated voltage IEC 97 standard Use of an MCB Contact position indicator Access to the mechanism for extensions oggle Circuit indicator.

14 ACCESS O HE MECHANISM FOR EXENSIONS Connection of the extensions. It is possible to couple any auxiliary contact, shunt trip, undervoltage release or motor driver either on the right or the left hand side, following the stackon configuration of the extensions in page. echnical Data OGGLE o switch the MCB ON or OFF CONAC POSIION INDICAOR Printing on the toggle to provide information of the real contact position. OOFF Contacts in open position. Ensure a distance between contacts > mm. ION Contacts in closed position. Ensure continuity in the main circuit..

15 Redline Definitions related to MCB s MCB= Miniature Circuit Breakers Circuit Protection Shortcircuit (making and breaking) capacity Alternating component of the prospective current, expressed by its r.m.s. value, which the circuitbreaker is designed to make, to carry for its opening time and to break under specified conditions. Ultimate or rated shortcircuit breaking capacity (Icn EN/IEC 898) A breaking capacity for which the prescribed conditions, according to a specified test sequence do not include the capability of the MCB to carry.9 times its rated current for the conventional time. Ultimate shortcircuit breaking capacity (Icu EN/IEC 97) A breaking capacity for which the prescribed conditions, according to a specified test sequence do not include the capability of the MCB to carry its rated current for the conventional time. Service shortcircuit breaking capacity (Ics EN/IEC 898) A breaking capacity for which the prescribed conditions according to a specified test sequence include the capability of the MCB to carry.9 times its rated current for the conventional time. Service shortcircuit breaking capacity (Ics EN/IEC 97) A breaking capacity for which the prescribed conditions according to a specified test sequence include the capability of the MCB to carry its rated current for the conventional time. Prospective current he current that would flow in the circuit, if each main current path of the MCB were replaced by a conductor of negligible impedance. Conventional nontripping current (Int) A specified value of current which the circuit breaker is capable of carrying for a specified time without tripping. Conventional tripping current (It) A specified value of current which causes the circuit breaker to trip within a specified time. Open position he position in which the predetermined clearance between open contacts in the main circuit of the MCB is secured. Closed position he position in which the predetermined continuity of the main circuit of the MCB is secured. Maximum prospective peak current (Ip) he prospective peak current when the initiation of the current takes place at the instant which leads to the highest possible value..

16 Notes echnical Data.

17 Redline Circuit Protection Selectivity An installation with some protective devices in series (a protective device must be placed at the point where a reduction of the cross sectional area of the conductors or another change causes modification in the characteristics of the installation) is considered as selective when, in the event of shortcircuit, the installation is interrupted only by the device which is immediately upstream of the fault point. Selectivity is ensured when the characteristic time/current of the upstream MCB (A) is above the characteristic time /current of the downstream MCB (B). he letthrough energy (I t) of the downstream protective device shall be lower than the one of the upstream protective device. Selectivity may be total or partial. otal selectivity Selectivity is total in the event of a shortcircuit fault and only disconnects the protective device B immediately upstream of the fault point. Partial selectivity Selectivity is partial when the no disconnection of the protective device (A) is ensured only up to a certain level of the current. In figure below is shown that selectivity is total up to the point of overlapping curves. From this point total selectivity can not be assured and selectivity curves based on tests by the manufacturer should be consulted. Disconnects B only Both devices could trip Consult selectivity tables by manufacturer.

18 Selectivity Upstream MCB's / Downstream MCB's C or G & RCBO's DM Downstream Curve B C C DM DM () Downstream Curve B G G G DME DME MCB s In A A A A A A A MCB s In A A A A A A A A A Upstream Curve C A.7 Upstream Curve C A.7 A. A. A.. A.. GGG Hti S9 A.8.8 A... A A A A.... A... A... A GGG Hti S9 A.8.8 A... A A A A..... A. A. A echnical Data MCB s Upstream Curve C GGG Hti S9 Downstream Curve C C C DM DM () In A A A A A A A A A A A A.... A..... A A A A A A A..... A..... A MCB s Upstream Curve C GGG Hti S9 Downstream Curve C G G G G G DME DME In.A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A.... A.... A () Icc limited to ka for C, DM, DM () Icc limited to ka for DM = otal : selective untill the Icu of the downstream device Example A combination of an MCB C with an upstream MCB C guarantees selectivity up to a shortcircuit level of ka..7

19 Redline.8 Circuit Protection Selectivity Upstream Fuses glgg / Downstream MCB's G Example A combination of an MCB G C with an upstream fuse 8A guarantees selectivity up to a shortcircuit level of. ka. Fuses Downstream Curve B G DME In A A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses gggl A A A A A..9.9 A..... A A A A.9... A Fuses Downstream Curve C G DME Upstream Fuses gggl A.. A... A.... A..7. A.8.7. A A A A A.8. A Fuses Downstream Curve D G ype D In. A A A A A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses gggl A. A.. A... A... A..8. A...7 A..8. A..7. 8A...8 A A In. A A A A A A A A A A A A A

20 Selectivity Upstream Fuses BS / Downstream MCB's G Downstream Curve B G DME Downstream Curve C G DME Fuses In A A A A A A A A A Fuses In A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses BS A..8.. Upstream Fuses BS A.... A A A A A A A... A A A echnical Data Downstream Curve D G Fuses In A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses BS A A A A A...7. A Example A combination of an MCB G C with an upstream fuse 8A guarantees selectivity up to a shortcircuit level of. ka..9

21 . Circuit Protection Example A combination of an MCB G C with an upstream fuse 8A guarantees selectivity up to a shortcircuit level of. ka. Selectivity Upstream Fuses glgg / Downstream MCB's G Fuses Downstream Curve B G DME In A A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses gggl Fuses Downstream Curve C G DME Upstream Fuses gggl Fuses Downstream Curve D G ype D In. A A A A A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses gggl A A A A A.7.. A A A A A A A In. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A.. A... A.... A..7. A A A A A A A A A. A.. A... A... A A..8.7 A A A A A 8..8 A 9. Redline

22 . echnical Data Selectivity Upstream Fuses BS / Downstream MCB's G Fuses Downstream Curve B G DME In A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses BS A..8.. A A A A A Fuses Downstream Curve C G DME In A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses BS A.... A A....9., A A A 9. Fuses Downstream Curve D G In A A A A A A A A A Upstream Fuses BS A A A A A A 9.

23 Redline Selectivity Upstream MCCB's Record / Downstream MCB's ElfaPlus Downstream Upstream A A DDL D D DH DH DL DL D DH DL A A 8A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A DS DHS All D DH DL DH8 All DS D DHS DS D8S All All (A) Circuit Protection Curve B C / DM () Curve B G / DME Curve B G / DME Curve B G () Icc limited to ka for C, DM Icc limited to ka for DM = otal : selective untill the Icu of the downstream device OR the Icu of the upstream device Example A combination of an MCB G C with an upstream D A guarantees selectivity up to a shortcircuit level of ka. MCCB MCB D A G C.

24 . echnical Data Selectivity Upstream MCCB's Record / Downstream MCB's ElfaPlus Curve C C / DM () Curve C G Curve C G / DME Curve C G / DME Curve C Hti DDL D D DH DH DL DL D DH DL A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A All... All All All... 8 Upstream Downstream (A) D DH DL DH8 DS DHS D8S D DS DS DHS () Icc limited to ka for C, DM Icc limited to ka for DM = otal : selective untill the Icu of the downstream device OR the Icu of the upstream device

25 . Circuit Protection Redline Upstream Downstream Redline G B/C curve G B/C curve G B/C curve Hti B/C curve S9 C curve In (A) Record Plus M type FDE FDS FDN, H & L Selectivity limit in ka * = otal: selective unil the lowest Icu value of the two devices placed in series. Selectivity Upstream MCCB s Record Plus / Downstream MCB s Redline

26 . echnical Data Record Plus M type FEN, H & L ML FEN, H & L MLD FEN, H & L SMR FEN, H & L MLD FEN, H & L SMR Selectivity limit in ka * = otal: selective unil the lowest Icu value of the two devices placed in series. Selectivity Upstream MCCB s Record Plus / Downstream MCB s Redline Upstream Downstream Redline G B/C curve G B/C curve G B/C curve Hti B/C curve S9 C curve In (A) &

27 Redline Association (backup protection) Circuit Protection Association consist the use of an MCB with lower breaking capacity than the presumed one at the place of its installation. If another protective device installed upstream is coordinated so that the energy letthrough by these two devices does not exceed that which can be withstood without damage by the device placed downstream and the conductor protected by these devices. In the event of shortcircuit, both protective devices will disconnect, therefore the selectivity between them is considered as partial. Association reduces the cost of the installation in case of high shortcircuit currents. o obtain association between a breaker and a protective device, several conditions linked to the components characteristic must be fullfilled. hose have been defined by calculation and testing. SCPD Upstream Downstream SCPD: ShortCircuit Protective Device Upstream: Fuses / Downstream: MCB s Redline Icc max ka* *8 ka, V with x 8 cartridge fuses Downstream: MCB s ElfaPlus Upstream: fuses Series In (A) min. rating (A) ype gg max. rating (A) min. rating (A) ype am max. rating (A) Curve C G G G Hti 8 8 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 8 (*) (*) (*) (8*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 8 (*) * In case of MCB with B characteristics.

28 Backup Upstream MCB's Redline / Downstream MCB's Redline Voltage /V, Icc max. In ka Downstream Upstream G G G Icu (ka) In (A) G ka.... G ka.... G ka < G ka... G ka... Hti ka 8... Voltage /V, Icc max. In ka Downstream C C DM DM G GDME GDME Icu (ka) In (A) Upstream G ka.... G ka.... G ka < G ka... G ka... Hti ka 8... echnical Data Backup Upstream MCCB's Record / Downstream MCB's Redline Voltage /V, Icc max. In ka Downstream Upstream C C G GDME GDME G G G Hti Icu (ka) In (A) < > > 8... D ka DL ka 9 D 7kA 7 DH 8kA 8 DL ka D 7kA 7 DH 8kA 8 DL ka 7 D ka DH 7kA DL ka D 7kA DH 8kA DL ka Voltage /V, Icc max. In ka Downstream Upstream G G G G G G Hti Icu (ka) In (A) D ka DL ka D ka DH ka DL ka D ka DH ka DL ka D ka DH ka DL ka D ka DH ka DL ka D8 ka DH8 7kA.7

29 Redline Backup Upstream RecordPlus / Downstream Redline Voltage /V, Icc max. In ka Downstream Upstream Circuit Protection C C G G G G G G Hti S9 Icu (ka) Voltage /V, Icc max. In ka Downstream In (A) FDE ka Upstream FDS ka FDN 8kA 8 8 FDH ka 8 FDL ka 8 FEN 8kA 8 8 FEH ka 8 FEL ka 8 G G G G G G Hti S9 Icu (ka) In (A) FDE ka FDS ka FDN ka FDH 8kA FDL ka FEN ka FEH 8kA FEL ka Selectivity: Upstream MCB S9 / Downstream Redline Voltage /V, Icc max. In ka Downstream Upstream EP EP EP EP EP Icu (ka) In (A) S9 ka S9H ka 8.8

30 Use in DC Selection criteria he selection of an MCB to protect a D.C. installation depends on the following parameters: he nominal current he nominal voltage of the power supply, which determines the number of poles to switch the device he maximum shortcircuit current, to determine the shortcircuit capacity of the MCB ype of power supply In the event of an insulation fault, it is considered as an overload when one pole or an intermediate connection of the power supply is connected to earth, and the conductive parts of the installation are also connected to earth. Insulated generator In insulated generators there is no earth connection, therefore an earth leakage in any pole has no consequence. In the event of fault between the two poles (+ and ) there is a shortcircuit in the installation which value will depend on the impedance of the installation as well as of the voltage Un. Each polarity shall be provided with the appropriate number of poles. Generator with centre point earth connection In the event of shortcircuit between any pole (+ or ) and earth, there is a Isc<Isc max because the voltage is Un/. If the fault occurs between the two poles there is a shortcircuit in the installation which value depends on the impedance of the installation as well as the voltage Un. Each polarity shall be provided with the necessary number of poles to break the maximum shortcircuit at Un/. echnical Data Generator with one earthed pole In the event of a fault occuring in the earthed pole () there is no consequence. In the event of a fault between the two poles (+ and ) or between the pole + and earth, then there is a shortcircuit in the installation which value depends on the impedance of the installation as well as of the voltage Un. he unearthed pole (+) shall be provided with the necessary numbers of poles to break the maximum shortcircuit..9

31 Redline Circuit Protection Use of standard MCB in DC (acc. to IEC 97) For MCB s designed to be used in alternating current but used in installations in direct current, the following should be taken into consideration: For protection against overloads it is necessary to connect the two poles to the MCB. In these conditions the tripping characteristic of the MCB in direct current is similar in alternating current. For protection against shortcircuits it is necessary to connect the two poles to the MCB. In these Use in DC selection table Series G () G () G () EPUC Rated current (A)...A...A...A...A conditions the tripping characteristic of the MCB in direct current is % higher than the one in alternating current. Use of special MCB (UC) in DC (acc. to IEC 898) (UC= Universal Current) For MCB s designed to work in both alternating and direct current, it is necessary to respect the polarity of the terminals since the device is equipped with a permanent magnet. V pole V poles in series V pole V poles in series Icu (ka) Icu (ka) Icu (ka) Icu (ka) () Nominal voltage for G/G/G: 8/VDC Maximum voltage for G/G/G: /VDC Installation of MCB s series EP UC in direct current Example of utilisation for maximum voltage between lines according to the number of poles MCB s EP UC P EP UC P EP UC P * Maximum voltage between lines Maximum voltage between lines and earth Power supply at bottom terminals V V V V V V () V V V (poles inversion) V Power supply at top terminals () Negative pole connected to earth * On request Example of utilisation for different voltages between line and earth than between two lines MCB s EP UC P EP UC P * Maximum voltage between lines Maximum voltage between lines and earth V Multipole breaking V Generator with centre point earth connection V Multipole breaking V Generator without earth connection or with one earthed pole V Multipole breaking V Generator without earth connection or with one earthed pole * On request.

32 Influence of ambient air temperature on the rated current he thermal callibration of the MCB s was carried out at ambient temperature of C. Ambient temperatures different from C influence the bimetal and this results in earlier or later thermal tripping., A A echnical Data A A Influence of air temperature (IEC/EN 898) : P (Single pole) : mp (Multipole) pole In Calibrated at C n poles In Calibrated at C

33 Redline Circuit Protection ripping current as a function of the frequency All the MCB s are designed to work at frequencies of Hz, therefore to work at different values, consideration must be given to the variation of the tripping characteristics. he thermal tripping does not change with variation of the frequency but the magnetic tripping values can be up to % higher than the ones at Hz. For DC current magnetic tripping is % higher. ripping current variation Hz Hz. Hz. Hz. Hz. Limitation curves Letthrough energy I t he limitation capacity of a MCB in shortcircuit conditions, is its capacity to reduce the value of the letthrough energy that the shortcircuit would be generating. Peak current lp It is the value of the maximum peak of the shortcircuit current limited by the MCB. Power losses he power losses are calculated by measuring the voltage drop between the incoming and the outgoing terminals of the device at rated current. Power losses per pole MCB Series G In (A). 8 Voltage drop (V) Energy loss Pw (W) Resistance Z (mohm) Power losses per pole MCB Series Hti A B Icc peak assumed Icc assumed Icc peak limited Icc limited See page. up to. In (A) Voltage drop (V) Energy loss Pw (W) Resistance Z (mohm) Power losses per pole MCB Series C In (A) Voltage drop (V) Energy loss Pw (W) Resistance Z (mohm)

34 CC Curve P+N / module I t Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) echnical Data Prospective current Icc (ka).

35 Redline G Curve C P, P+N, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve C P I t Letthrough energy at V Circuit Protection Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) 7 C C C C C C C C C C C... Prospective current Icc (ka).

36 G Curve B P, P+N, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve B P I t Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) echnical Data Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) 7 B B B B B B B B B... Prospective current Icc (ka).

37 Redline G Curve B P, P+N, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve B P I t Letthrough energy at V Circuit Protection Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) 7 B B B B B B B B B Prospective current Icc (ka).

38 G Curve C P, P+N, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve C P I t Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) echnical Data Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) 7 C C C C C C C C C C C Prospective current Icc (ka).7

39 Redline G Curve D P, P+N, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve D P I t Letthrough energy at V Circuit Protection Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) 7 D D D D D D D D D D D Prospective current Icc (ka).8

40 G Curve B P, P+N, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve B P I t Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) echnical Data Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) 7 B B B B B B B B B Prospective current Icc (ka).9

41 Redline G Curve C P, P+N, P, P+N I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve C P I t Letthrough energy at V Circuit Protection Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) C C C C C C C C C C C Prospective current Icc (ka).

42 G Curve B P, P+N, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve B P I t Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) echnical Data Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) D D D D D D D D D D D Prospective current Icc (ka).

43 Redline G Curve B P, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve B P I t Letthrough energy at V Circuit Protection Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) B B B B B B B B B Prospective current Icc (ka).

44 G Curve C P, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve C P I t Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) echnical Data Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) 8 C C C C C C C C C C C Prospective current Icc (ka).

45 Redline G Curve D P, P, P, P I t Letthrough energy at / V G Curve D P I t Letthrough energy at V Circuit Protection Letthrough energy I t (A s) Letthrough energy I t (A s) Prospective current Icc (ka) Prospective current Icc (ka) Ip Limited peak current at / V Limited peak current I p (ka) D D D D D D D D D D D Prospective current Icc (ka).

46 ripping curves acc. EN/IEC 898 he following tables show the average tripping curves of the GE MCB s based on the thermal calibration as well as the magnetic characteristic. Curve B Curve D echnical Data x In x In Curve C x In.

47 Redline Selective circuit breaker S9 Application Fig. No fault main contact: K closes, K opens (KK closed) Parallel current path Circuit Protection he selective circuit breaker ElfaPlus S9 often serves as gang switches in distribution boards with the highest demand on selectivity and operating convenience. he ElfaPlus S9 are used as higher protection element in a installation with different MCB s. he S9 breaker are equipped additional to the main current path with another two circuits: Parallel current path that contains a resistor R for current limitation. Measuring circuit with magnet impulses to close the main contact Function he selective main circuit breaker ElfaPlus S9 is a miniature circuit breaker employed as superordinate protective element in series with traditional MCB s. he unit, in order to switch selectively has in addition to the main current path (fig. ) another paralelle current path with a currentlimiting resistor R and a measuringcircuit with a solnenoid drive to close the main contact. Manual closing (fig. and fig. ) If the selective circuit breaker is manually switchedon, first of all the contact K closes and the operating current flows via the parallel current path. At the same time contact K and hence the measuring circuit are closed (fig. ). Only then is the main contact K closed and the operating current flows via the main current path (fig. ). As the parallel current path owing to resistor R has a higher resistance than the main current path, no mentionable current continues to flow there. On K closing, K in the measuring circuit is reopened. Main current path Measuring circuit Fault closure lockout (fig. ) If the MCB is closed onto an existing fault, the measuring circuit that measures the voltage between line and neutral at the output of the ElfaPlus S9,prevents the main contact K closing. he breaker can not be closed onto the fault and no high current can flow. After a short time contacts K and K are reopened due to the bimetal trip B and the current limited by resistor R in the parallel current path (maximum times rated current) is interrupted. his fault closure lockout thus protects the installation but also the operating personel. Fig. Existing fault: K does not close. B opens K and k after max. s. Parallel current path Main current path Measuring circuit Fig. Manual closing: K and K close Parallel current path Main current path Measuring circuit Selective fault tripping (fig. and fig. ) If the selective circuit is switchedon (K closed) and a fault occurs downstream of an MCB, the fault current is interrupted either by the MCB alone or with the help of the operating main contact K. Contact K remains closed, and current can still flow via parallel current path, even when the arc at the main contact K is quenched (fig. ). If the downstream MCB has isolated the fault from the installation, in the ElfaPlus S9 the main contact is reclosed (fig. ). Loads lying parallel to the faulted circuit are immediatelly supplied with current, at first via the parallel current path and shortly after again via the main current path..

48 Fault upstream of MCB (fig. and fig. ) If the fault occurs between the ElfaPlus S9 and the downstream MCB (or if some reasons a fault behind a miniature circuit breaker is not cleared by it), after quenching of the arc a current limited by resistor R still flows at the contact point K via the parallel current path (fig. ) untill contact K is also opened due to the bimetal B (fig. ) Opening on overload (fig. ) If an overload current flows fot too long, the bimetal trip B in the main current path operates and opens contact K and K in the main and parallel current paths. Fig. Overload: B opens and K and K Fig. Fault while unit closed: K opens and K closes Parallel current path Main current path Parallel current path Main current path Measuring circuit echnical Data Measuring circuit ripping curve Curve C according to EN/IEC 898 Manual opening On manual opening the contacts are opened not only in the main current path but also in the parallel current path (K and K) t(s).7

49 Redline Circuit Protection ext for specifiers MCB Series G/ According to EN/IEC 898 standard For DIN rail mounting according to DIN EN/IEC ; EN/IEC ; future EN/IEC 7; IEC 7 (top hat rail mm) Grid distance mm Working ambient temperature from C up to + C Approved by CEBEC, VDE, KEMA, IMQ... pole is a module of 8 mm wide Nominal rated currents are:.////////////// A ripping characteristics: B,C,D,K Number of poles: P, P+N, P, P, P+N, P he shortcircuit breaking capacity is: /,//ka, energy limiting class erminal capacity from up to mm rigid wire or, up to mm flexible wire. Screw head suitable for flat or Pozidriv screwdriver Can be connected by means of both pin or fork busbars on bottom terminals he toggle can be sealed in ON or OFF position Rapid closing Both incoming and outgoing terminals have a protection degree of IP and they are sealable Isolator function thanks to the printing Red/Green on the toggle. Maximum voltage between two phases; V~ Maximum voltage for utilisation in DC current: 8 V P and V P wo position rail clip Mechanical shock resistance g (direction x, y, z) minimum 8 shocks ms halfsinusoidal acc. to IEC 87 Vibrations resistance: g (direction x, y, z) minimum min. according to IEC 8 Extensions can be added on both left or right hand side Auxiliary contact Shunt trip Undervoltage release Motor operator Panel board switch MCB s have a circuit indicator for easy circuit identification Addon RCD can be coupled MCB Series G According to EN/IEC 97. standard For DIN rail mounting according to DIN EN/IEC ; EN/IEC ; future EN/IEC 7; IEC 7 (top hat rail mm) Working ambient temperature from C up to + C pole is a module of 8 mm wide Nominal rated currents are:,////////////// A ripping characteristics: B,C Number of poles: P, P, P, P he shortcircuit capacity is: /// ka erminal capacity from up to mm rigid wire or, up to mm flexible wire Screw head suitable for flat or Pozidriv screwdriver Can be connected by means of both pin or fork busbars on bottom terminals he toggle can be sealed in ON or OFF position Rapid closing Both incoming and outgoing terminals have a protection degree of IP and they are sealable Isolator function thanks to the printing Red/Green on the toggle. Maximum voltage between two phases; V~ Maximum voltage for utilisation in DC current: 8 V P and V P wo position rail clip Mechanical shock resistance g (direction x, y, z) minimum 8 shocks ms halfsinusoidal acc. to IEC 87 Vibrations resistance: g (direction x, y, z) minimum min. according to IEC 8 Extensions can be added on both left or right hand side Auxiliary contact Shunt trip Undervoltage release Motor operator Panel board switch MCB s have a circuit indicator for easy circuit identification Addon RCD can be coupled.8

50 MCB Series EP UC According to EN/IEC 898 standard For DIN rail mounting according to DIN EN/IEC ; EN/IEC ; future EN/IEC 7; IEC 7 (top hat rail mm) Grid distance mm Working ambient temperature from C up to + C pole is a module of 8 mm wide Nominal rated currents are:,////////////// A ripping characteristics: B, C Number of poles: P, P he shortcircuit breaking capacity is: ka, energy limiting class erminal capacity from up to mm rigid wire or, up to mm flexible wire Screw head suitable for flat or Pozidriv screwdriver Can be connected by means of both pin or fork busbars on top or bottom terminals he toggle can be sealed in ON or OFF position Rapid closing Both incoming and outgoing terminals have a protection degree of IP and they are sealable Isolator function thanks to the printing Red/Green on the toggle. Maximum voltage: P V P V. Poles in series wo position rail clip Mechanical shock resistance g (direction x, y, z) minimum 8 shocks ms halfsinusoidal according to IEC 87 Vibrations resistance: g (direction x, y, z) minimum min. according to IEC 8 Extensions can be added on both left or right hand side Auxiliary contact Shunt trip Undervoltage release Motor operator Panel board switch MCB s have a circuit indicator for easy circuit identification Addon RCD can be coupled MCB Series Hti According to EN/IEC 97. standard For DIN rail mounting according to DIN EN/IEC ; EN/IEC ; future EN/IEC 7; IEC 7 (top hat rail mm) Working ambient temperature from C up to + C pole is a module, module (7mm) Nominal rated currents are: 8//A ripping characteristics: B, C, D Number of poles: P, P, P, P he shortcircuit capacity is: ka erminal capacity from, up to 7mm he toggle can be sealed in ON or OFF position Both incoming and outgoing terminals have a protection degree of IP and they are sealable Isolator function thanks to the printing red/green on the toggle. It can be used as main switch Maximum voltage between two phases: V~ wo position rail clip Mechanical shock resistance g (direction x, y, z) minimum 8 shocks ms halfsinusoidal according to IEC 87 Extensions can be added Auxiliary contact Shunt trip Endurance: Mechanical: operations Electrical: operations Addon RCD can be coupled echnical Data.9

51 Redline Dimensional drawings Miniature Circuit Breakers Series C Circuit Protection Miniature Circuit Breakers Series G & G Miniature Circuit Breakers Series EP UC.

52 Miniature Circuit Breakers Series Hti echnical Data 7 Addon RCD s for Series Hti Auxiliary contact Series Hti Shunt trip Series Hti.

53 Redline Residual current devices echnical Data ElfaPlus Circuit Protection People Protection..... Protection against electric shocks Effects of current passing through the human body Risk of electric shock How to prevent direct and indirect contact Installation distribution systems Addon Devices What is an RCD? Definitions related to RCD s RCD s classification according to EN/IEC 8/9 ype AC ype A ype S Vertical and horizontal selectivity Nuisance tripping Product identification of an RCCB Series BPC/BDC and its use Product identification of an RCBO Series DM and its use Product identification of an addon RCD and its use Easy DINrail extraction Product related information Influence of air ambient temperature in the rated current ripping current as a function of the frequency Protection of RCCB Power losses RCBO letthrough energy I t Product indentification of an RCBO Series DME and its use RCBO tripping curves acc. to EN/IEC 9 Comfort Functions.9. ext for specifiers Dimensional drawings.

54 Redline People Protection Protection against electric shocks Effects of current passing through the human body Present thinking on the effects of electrical current passing through the human body is based on information from many sources. Experiments on animals Clinical observation Experiments on dead human beings Experiments on live human beings We must remember that we are considering here the effects of shock current. Other factors must be considered when setting safety requirements: Probability of fault Probability of contact with live or faulty parts Experience echnical possibilities Economics he degree of danger to people depends mainly on the magnitude and duration of current flow through the human body. he major parameter, which influences the current magnitude, is the impedance of the human body. he effects of electrical current on people are specified in figure (table time/current IEC 79). ime / current zones of effects of AC current (Hz to Hz) on persons (fig. ) Zone In addition to the effects of Zone, probability of ventricular fibrillation increasing up to about % (curve c), up to about % (curve c) and above % beyond curve c. Increasing with magnitude and time, pathophysiological effects such as cardiac arrest, breathing arrest and heavy burns may occur. Risk of electric shock Electric shock is produced when the human body is in contact with conductive surfaces at different potentials. here are two kind of contact which causes electric shock: Direct contact Indirect contact he main causes of electric shock are: Defect of insulation in the high/low voltage transformer Overvoltages due to atmospheric sources Ageing of the load or wiring insulation Live parts not sufficiently protected In IEC, derived from IEC 79, it is explained how the maximum safety voltage is a function of the environmental conditions and the prospective touch voltage is a function of the maximum tripping time. Maximum safety voltage: U L = V (wet conditions) U L = V (dry conditions) ripping time in function of touch voltage Zones Zone Zone Zone Physiological effects: Usually no reaction effects. Usually no harmful physiological effects. Usually no organic damage to be expected. Likelihood of muscular contractions and difficulty in breathing, reversible disturbances of formation and conduction of impulses in the heart, including atrial fibrillation and transient cardiac arrest without ventricular fibrillation increasing with current magnitude and time. Prospective touch voltage (V) < U L = V maximum tripping time (s) ac dc.....

55 Direct contact When a person accidentally touches a live part of the installation not connected to an earth electrode. In this situation the person becomes part of the electric circuit by means of body resistance and earth resistance. Indirect contact When a person touches a metal part of the load, which is earthed, and accidentally makes contact with an electrical conductor due to a loss of insulation. Protection against direct contact Prevention of direct contact can be summarised as follows: Insulate conductor with appropriate materials Using barriers or enclosures with appropriate IP degree Designing the installation with appropriate safety distances Complementary protection by using RCD ma Protection against indirect contact o prevent indirect contact there are different ways of protection: Using materials that ensure a class II protection Protection in non conductive environments All the exposed conductive parts must be under normal circumstances in such a way that people can not touch any live part. his installation will not necessitate any protective conductors. Walls and floors shall be isolated with a resistance no less than: k for installations with nominal voltage <V k for installations with nominal voltage >V Protection by means of local equipotential links in installations not connected to earth he equipotential link must not be connected to earth either through the exposed conductive parts or the protective conductors. Protection by means of electric (galvanic) isolation By using isolation transformers. Protection by automatic disconnection of the installation Necessary in the case of risk of physiological effects on persons, due to the amplitude and duration of the touch voltage. his kind of protection requires a good coordination among the connections to Earth, the characteristics of the protective conductor and the protective device. echnical Data How to prevent direct and indirect contact Protection against electric shock shall be provided by applying the following concepts according to IEC : Protection against direct and indirect contact Protection by means of the use of very low voltage: SELV (safety extra low voltage) PELV (protective extra low voltage) FELV (functional extra low voltage) Connection to Earth and protective conductor. All the exposed conductive parts must be earthed by means of protective conductors according to any of the different installation distribution systems. Protective device. he protective device must isolate the installation from the source of energy in case any exposed conductive part becomes live. Such a device ensures that the safety voltage (U L ) does not exceed V or V ripple free..

56 Redline People Protection Installation distribution systems system A system having one point of the source of energy directly earthed, the exposed conductive parts of the installation being connected to earth electrodes electrically independent of the earth electrodes of the source. wiring diagram 7 L L L N I system A system having no direct connection between live parts and earth, the exposed conductive parts of the electrical installation connected to an earth electrode. he source is either connected to earth through a deliberately introduced earthing impedance or is isolated from earth. In case of an insulation fault the value of the current is not high enough to generate dangerous voltages. Nevertheless protection against indirect contact must be provided by means of an insulation monitoring device which shall provide visual and sonorous alarm when the first fault occurs. he service interruption by means of breakers must be done in case of a second fault according to the following tripping conditions: o ensure safety conditions in the installation, it shall comply with: R A x Id V R A = Earth resistance value of the installation. Id = Fault current value of the first fault. I wiring diagram ➀ ➁ ➂ ➃ ➄ ➅ ➆ Source of energy Source earth Consumers installation Equipment in installation Exposed conductive part Installation earth electrode Residual current device 7 8 L L L In the case of isolation fault, the potential of the exposed conductive parts will suddenly increase causing a dangerous situation of electric shock. his can be avoided with the use of RCD s with the proper sensitivity in function of touch voltage. o ensure safety conditions in the installation, the earth values shall comply with: R A x I n V R A = Earth resistance value of the installation. I n = Residual operating current value of the RCD. ➀ Source of energy ➁ Source earth ➂ Consumers installation ➃ Equipment in installation ➄ Exposed conductive part ➅ Earthing impedance ➆ Isolation controller ➇ Protective device for the second fault Sensitivity in function of earth resistance values Maximum tripping time Safety voltage V V.A.A 8 Sensitivity.A.A 8.A A S.A 8 Uo/U (V) Uo= Voltage phase/neutral U= Voltage between phases 7/ / /9 8/ ripping time(s) UL= V No distributed Neutral.8... Distributed Neutral.8....

57 N system A system having one or more points of the source of energy directly earthed, the exposed conductive part of the installation being connected to that point by protective conductors. In case of an insulation fault a shortcircuit (phase neutral) is caused in the installation. he shortcircuit caused by the insulation fault shall be switched by a protective device which should be fast enough according to the following conditions:. o ensure safety conditions in the installation, the protective device shall comply with: Z S x Ia U here are two types of N systems: NC and NS NC, a system in which neutral and protective functions are combined in a single conductor throughout the system. NC wiring diagram 8 7 L L L PEN Z S = otal impedance of the fault ringlet (including the impedance s of the source of energy, the active conductor and the protective conductor). Ia= Fault current which ensures the operating of the protective device. (In case of RCD: Ia=Idn) U = Rated voltage phaseearth Maximum tripping time Voltage Phase/neutral Uo (V) 7 > Maximum tripping time (s) ac.8... echnical Data ➀ Source of energy ➁ Source earth ➂ Consumers installation ➃ Equipment in installation ➄ Exposed conductive part ➅ Additional source Earth ➆ Combined protective and neutral conductor PEN ➇ Shortcircuit protective device NS, a system having separate neutral and protective conductors throughout the system. NS wiring diagram 7 L L L N PE. he breaking speed is provided by the magnetic tripping system of the breaker or by the protective fuse.. In case of long cables the shortcircuit current may not reach the tripping values of the protective device, therefore we need to use RCD s (NS).. o verify that the fault current generated is high enough to trip the protective device, we should take into account the following parameters:.. ripping characteristic of the protective device: MCB s: B characteristic ( x In) C characteristic ( x In) D characteristic ( x In) MCCB s: According to the magnetic calibration Fuses: According to the time/current characteristic: gi gg am.. Rated current of the protective device (In)... Installation impedance Length and cross section of cables. See tables on B. ➀ Source of energy ➁ Source earth ➂ Consumers installation ➃ Equipment in installation ➄ Exposed conductive part ➅ Protective conductor ➆ Shortcircuit protective device (MCB or RCD).

58 Redline Maximum protected cable length for people protection (indirect contact) N x V, UL = V, m = by means of fuses gigg People Protection gg fuses Copper conductor In (A) S mm Maximum protected cable length for people protection (indirect contact) N x V, UL = V, m = by means of MCB s & MCCB s Curve C (Im: x In) Copper conductor, In (A) S mm x9 x x x8 x x9 x x x8 x Correction coefficients ripping characteristic Voltage Conductor Cross section of PE(N) conductor Example phase N system Un = V protected with MCCB 8A (Im = 8 x In). Phase conductor mm copper and PE conductor mm copper. K Curve B x Curve D x. Curve K x. Curve Gi x.8 Curve Im x /Im K x V x.8 K Aluminium. K m = Sphase / Spe(n) m =. x m = x m = x.7 m = x. m = x. Lmax = 7 x 8 x.8 x.7 = m.

59 What is an RCD? he RCD (Residual Current Device) is a device which intends to protect people against indirect contact, the exposed conductive parts of the installation being connected to an appropriate earth electrode. It may be used to provide protection against fire hazards due to a persistent earth fault current, without the operation of the overcurrent protective device. RCD's having a rated residual operating current not exceeding ma are also used as a means for additional protection in case of failure of the protective means against electric shock (direct contact). WORKING PRINCIPLE he main components of a RCD are the following: he core transformer: which detects the earth current fault. he relay: when an earth fault current is detected the relay reacts by tripping and opening the contacts. he mechanism: Element to open and close the contacts either manual or automatically. he contacts: o open or close the main circuit. he RCD constantly monitors the vectorial sum of the current passing through all the conductors. In normal conditions the vectorial sum is zero (I+I=) but in case of an earth fault, the vectorial sum differs from zero (I+I=Id), this causes the actuation of the relay and therefore the release of the main contacts. est resistor Secondary winding estbutton Definitions related to RCD s RCCB = Residual Current Circuit Breaker without overcurrent protection RCBO = Residual Current Circuit Breaker with overcurrent protection Contacts ripping mechanism Relay Core transformer and primary winding Breaking capacity A value of AC component of a prospective current that a RCCB is capable of breaking at a stated voltage under prescribed conditions of use and behavior. Residual making and breaking capacity (I m) A value of the AC component of a residual prospective current which a RCCB can make, carry for its opening time and break under specified conditions of use and behavior. Conditional residual shortcircuit current (I c) A value of the AC component of a prospective current which a RCCB protected by a suitable SCPD (shortcircuit protective device) in series, can withstand under specific conditions of use and behavior. Conditional shortcircuit current (Inc) A value of the AC component of a residual prospective current which a RCCB protected by a suitable SCPD in series, can withstand under specific conditions of use and behavior. Residual shortcircuit withstand current Maximum value of the residual current for which the operation of the RCCB is ensured under specified conditions and above which the device can undergo irreversible alterations. Prospective current he current that would flow in the circuit, if each main current path of the RCCB and the overcurrent protective device (if any) were replaced by a conductor of negligible impedance. Making capacity A value of AC component of a prospective current that a RCCB is capable to make at a stated voltage under prescribed conditions of use and behavior. Open position he position in which the predetermined clearance between open contacts in the main circuit of the RCCB is secured. Close position he position in which the predetermined continuity of the main circuit of the RCCB is secured. ripping time he time which elapses between the instant when the residual operating current is suddenly attained and the instant of arc extinction in all poles. Residual current (I n) Vector sum of the instantaneous values of the current flowing in the main circuit of the RCCB. Residual operating current Value of residual current which causes the RCCB to operate under specified conditions. Rated shortcircuit capacity (Icn) Is the value of the ultimate shortcircuit breaking capacity assigned to the circuit breaker. (Only applicable to RCBO) Conventional nontripping current (Int) A specified value of current which the circuit breaker is capable of carrying for a specified time without tripping. (Only applicable to RCBO) Conventional tripping current (It) A specified value of current which causes the circuit breaker to trip within a specified time. (Only applicable to RCBO) echnical Data.7

60 Redline People Protection RCD s classification acc. EN/IEC 8/9 RCD s may be classified according to: he behavior in presence of dc current (types for general use). ype AC ype A he timedelay (in presence of residual current) RCD s without time delay: type for general use RCD s with time delay: type S for selectivity ype AC he type AC RCDs are designed to release with sinusoidal residual currents which occur suddenly or slowly rise in magnitude. ype A Certain devices during faults can be the source of nonsinusoidal earth leakage currents (DC components) due to the electronic components e.g.: diodes, thyristors.. he type A RCD s are designed to ensure that under this conditions the residual current devices operate on sinusoidal residual current and also with pulsating direct current(*) which occur suddenly or slowly rise in magnitude. (*) Pulsating direct current: current of pulsating wave form which assumes, in each period of the rated power frequency, the value or a value not exceeding, A dc during one single interval of time, expressed in angular measure of at least º.. For sinusoidal residual current Residual current ripping time. For residual pulsating direct current.xi n t = xi n t = < ms xi n t = < ms xi n t = < ms Residual current. x l n x l n x l n x l n ripping time t = t = < ms t = < ms t = ms min. min. max.ma max.ma At point of wave.xi n t =. xi n t = < ms.8 xi n t = < ms 7 xi n t = < ms At point of wave 9.xI n t =. xi n t = < ms.8 xi n t = < ms 7 xi n t = < ms At point of wave.xi n t =. xi n t = < ms.8 xi n t = < ms 7 xi n t = < ms ripping curve type AC ype A ype AC ripping curve type A.8

61 ype S S RCD s type A or AC have instantaneous tripping. In order to provide full people protection in vertical installation (no class II) with more than one circuit, as well as to ensure the service in the installation in case of earth leakage in one of the circuits or to avoid unwanted tripping because of harmonics, high connection currents due to the use of motors, reactive loads, or variable speed drivers, we need to use selective RCD s at the top of the installation. Any RCD type S is selective to any other instantaneous RCD installed downstream with lower sensitivity. Selectivity Vertical selectivity In an installation with RCD s installed in series we need to pay special attention to the vertical selectivity, in order to ensure that in case of earth leakage only the RCD which is immediately upstream of the fault point will operate. Selectivity is ensured when the characteristic time/current of the upstream RCD (A) is above the characteristic time /current of the downstream RCD (B). o obtain vertical selectivity we should take into consideration the following parameters: he RCD placed at the top of the installation shall be ype S. he residual operating current of the RCCB installed downstream shall have a lower residual operating current than the RCD installed upstream according to: echnical Data I n downstream < I n upstream/ Vertical selectivity RCCB ma selective ➀ RCCB selective ➁ RCCB instantaneous RCCB ma RCCB ma Horizontal selectivity o have horizontal selectivity in an installation with RCD s we need to avoid the use of RCD in cascading. Every single circuit of the installation shall be provided with a RCD of the appropriate residual operating current. he connection between the backup protective device and the RCD must be shortcircuit proof (Class II). Horizontal selectivity Shortcircuit proof RCCB ma RCCB ma.9

62 Redline People Protection Nuisance tripping ype AI (High immunity to nuisance tripping) Electric equipment incorporates more and more electronic components which causes nuisance tripping to the conventional ma RCD s type A or AC (always in the most critical moment like weekends, areas with no people presence ) due to overvoltages or high frequency currents produced by atmospheric disturbances, lighting equipment (electronic balasters), computers, appliances, connections to long cables which induce a high capacity to ground, etc. Some times the filter incorporated on the standard RCD s type A or AC which are protected to prevent nuisance tripping against current peak up to A 8/ µs, does not avoid % unwanted tripping. herefore GE Power Controls has developed a new RCD generation which protects against nuisance tripping of peak currents up to A 8/ µs. RCD s have a high level of immunity against ring wave currents of high frequency according to EN/IEC 8/9 Curve. µs khz A EN/IEC 8/9 Installations with either lighting equipment incorporating electronic balasters or computers. he most typical problem in these installations is the tripping of the RCD when switching the equipment ONOFF. It is recommended that, in case several devices are installed in the same line, the sum of all leakages shall not exceed / l n since any disturbance in the line can trip the RCD. For this kind of installation it is recommended to split up circuits or to use type AI RCD s. RCD s type AI or ACI have a tripping characteristic according to EN/IEC 8/9. All RCD s have a high level of immunity to transient currents, against current impulses of 8/ µs according to EN/IEC 8/9 and VDE. ype A, AC... A 8/ µs ype S... A 8/ µs ype Ai... A 8/ µs ype Si... A 8/ µs Curve 8/ µs % 9% % % 8us us.

63 Product identification of an RCCB Series BPC/BDC and its use Information on product Example: RCCB P A ma ype A Electric diagram rade mark ype Rated current Sensitivity Approvals Operates at C Reference number ONOFF indicator echnical Data Rated voltage ripping characteristic Use of an RCCB RCCB BPC/BDC estbutton Contact position indicator oggle Access to the mechanism for extensions.

64 Redline ESBUON o ensure the correct functioning of the RCCB, the test button shall be pressed frequently. he device must trip when pressed. ACCESS O HE MECHANISM FOR EXENSIONS o couple extensions we need to remove the cap on the right hand side, in order to get access to the mechanism. It is possible to add any auxiliary contact, shunt trip, undervoltage release or motor operator, following the stackon configuration of the extensions in chap.. People Protection jan, febr, march,... CONAC POSIION INDICAOR Printing on the toggle to provide information of the real contact position. OOFF Contacts in open position. Ensure a distance between contacts > mm. IN ION Contacts in closed position. Ensure continuity in the main circuit. ALL CABLES MUS BE CONNECED O HE RCCB All conductors, phases and neutral, that constitute the power supply of the installation to be protected, must be connected to the RCCB to either upper or lower terminals according to one of the following diagrams..

65 Product identification of an RCBO series DM and its use Information on product Example: RCBO P+N C ma ype A Rated current Rated shortcircuit breaking capacity Ion rade mark ype echnical Data Selectivity class Sensitivity Rated voltage ripping characteristic ype A Reference number ONOFF indicator Use of an RCBO estbutton Contact position indicator oggle Access to the mechanism for extensions FF FF.

66 Redline ESBUON o ensure the correct functioning of the RCBO, the test button shall be pressed frequently. he device must trip when the test button is pressed. OGGLE o switch the RCBO ON or OFF ACCESS O HE MECHANISM FOR EXENSIONS It is possible to add any auxiliary contact, shunt trip, undervoltage release or motor operator, following the stackon configuration of the extensions in page C.. People Protection jan, febr, march,... CONAC POSIION INDICAOR Printing on the toggle to provide information of the real contact position. OOFF Contacts in open position. Ensure a distance between contacts > mm. ALL CABLES MUS BE CONNECED O HE RCCB All conductors, phase and neutral, that constitute the power supply of the installation to be protected, must be connected to the RCBO to either upper or lower terminals according to the following diagram. ION Contacts in close position. Ensure continuity in the main circuit..

67 Product identification of an addon RCD and its use Information on product Example: Addon RCD rade mark Brand name Operates at C Catalogue number echnical Data ONOFF indicator Electrical diagram Use of an addon RCD Busbar passthrough Codification for MCB estbutton oggle linked to the MCB Mobile connection wires erminal cover RCD Sealing system MCB/RCD.

68 Redline CONDIIONS FOR ASSEMBLY he annex G of the EN/IEC 9 standard says: It shall not be possible to assemble a MCB of a given rated current with an addon RCD unit of a lower maximum current. It shall not be possible to assemble an addon RCD with a MCB having no provision for switching the associated neutral. People Protection o comply with the mentioned conditions it is implemented on the addon RCD a codification system which avoids any wrong assembly. he correct assembly shall be done as follows:.

69 OGGLE o switch the addon RCD ON or OFF. he toggle is overlapped with the one of the coupled MCB and both can be swithced on at the same time. HOW O ASSEMBLE ADDON RCD+MCB Place the RCD and the MCB along side Pull down the one another, both in connector block. OFF position. UNMANIPULAION SEALING SYSEM o seal the combination MCB/RCD once the assembly is finished. Any manipulation after sealing the combined unit, visible damage will remain. Make sure the coupling is well done. Push up the connector block. echnical Data Maximum screwing torque, Nm Push up the MCB cover terminals ERMINAL COVERS Unlosable terminal covers for the MCB bottom terminals as well as for the RCD terminals are provided. Once tested the correct electrical functioning of the combined unit, seal the combined unit by means of the sealing button. MOBILE CONNECION For an easy and quick assembly the connection wires are bistable BUSBAR PASSHROUGH he addon RCD permitts the passthrough of both pin and fork busbars at the top terminals..7

70 Redline ALL CABLES MUS BE CONNECED O HE RCBO In order to protect the RCD in the proper way, it is recommended to feed the combined unit (MCB/RCD) by the MCB (top terminals), in such a way the MCB provides back up protection to the RCD. ESBUON o ensure the correct functioning of the RCBO, the testbutton shall be pressed frequently. he device must trip when the test button is pressed. All conductors, phases and neutral, that constitute the power of the installation to be protected must be connected to the MCB/RCD combination. People Protection jan, febr, march,... ACCESS O HE MECHANISM FOR EXENSIONS It is possible to add any auxiliary contact, shunt trip, undervoltage release or motor operator on the left hand side, following the stack on configuration of the extensions in chap...8

71 Easy DINrail extraction RCCB s can easilly be removed from the DIN rail when installed with busbars just taking into consideration the following instructions. Pin and fork busbar bottom terminals ➀ Open the terminals totally ➁ Unclick the DIN rail clip ➂ Lift the RCCB up and remove it from the DIN rail echnical Data.9

72 Redline People Protection Product related information Influence of air ambient temperature in the rated current Influence of temperature in RCCB he maximum value of the current which can flow through a RCCB depends of the nominal current as well as the ambient air temperature. he protective device placed upstream of the RCCB must ensure the disconnection at the values in the following table: In A A A A 8 A A A C C C 8 C C 8 Influence of temperature in RCBO s he thermal calibration of the RCBO was carried out at an ambient temperature of C. Ambient temperatures different from C influence the bimetal and this results in earlier or later thermal tripping.. A A A.

73 ripping current as a function of the frequency All the RCD s are designed to work at frequencies of Hz, therefore to work at different values, we must consider the variation of the tripping sensitivity according tables below. It should be taken into consideration that there is a no tripping risk when pushing the testbutton, due to the fact that such action is made by means of a internal resistor with a fixed value. RCCB Series BDC/BPC/BPA/BPS and Addon RCD DOC ype AC ma ma ma ma Hz Hz Hz Hz..8.. Hz..9.. Hz Hz.... echnical Data ype A ma ma ma ma RCBO Series DM/DMA ype AC Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz ma ma ma ma ype A ma ma ma ma

74 Redline Protection of RCCB RCCB s are not overcurrent protected. herefore we don t need to consider both protection against shortcircuits and overloads. he RCCB and the protective device must be installed in the same switchboard, paying special attention to the connection between these two devices since if the SCPD is installed downstream of the RCCB such a connection must be shortcircuit proof. SCPD = ShortCircuit Protective Device. People Protection Protection against shortcircuits COORDINAION OF RCCB s WIH MCB s OR FUSES, BACKUP PROECION RCCB s protected with a SCPD have to be able to withstand, without damage, shortcircuit currents up to its rated conditional shortcircuit capacity. he SCPD has to be carefully selected, since the association of this device with the RCCB is interrupting the shortcircuit of the installation. he value of the presumed shortcircuit current at the point where the RCCB is installed shall be lower than the values of the following table: RCCB coordination with MCB or fuses UPSREAM PROECION MCB'S FUSES RCCB EFI/EHFI G up to A G A G > A G A G > A Hti 8...A S9 Fuse A Fuse A Fuse A Fuse A DOWNSREAM G A G A G > A Fuse A ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka he values indicated in the table are the maximum shortcircuit current in ka rms. For RCCB s P V c.a. and P V c.a. MCB or fuse RCCB MCB Shortcircuit proof.

75 Power losses he power losses are calculated by means of measuring of the voltage drop between the incoming and the outgoing terminal of the device at rated current. Power loss per pole: Power losses per pole RCCB BDC/BPC/BPA In (A) Z (mohm) Pw (W) Power losses per pole RCBO DM/DMA In (A) Z (mohm) Pw (W) echnical Data Power losses per pole MCB G Addon RCD DOC In (A) Z (mohm) Pw (W) Power losses per pole RCBO DME/DMAE In (A) Voltage drop Z (mohm) Pw (W)

76 Redline RCBO letthrough energy I t he limitation of an RCBO in shortcircuit conditions, is its capacity to reduce the value of the letthrough energy that the shortcircuit would be generating. Series DM Curve B Letthrough energy at V People Protection Letthrough energy I t (A s) B B B B B B B B B Prospective current Icc (ka) Series DM Curve C Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) C C C C C C C C C Prospective current Icc (ka).

77 Series DME Curve B Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) echnical Data Prospective current Icc (ka) Series DME Curve C Letthrough energy at V Letthrough energy I t (A s) Prospective current Icc (ka).

78 Redline Product identification of an RCBO Series DME and its use Information on product Example: RCBO P+N B ma ype AC People Protection Electric diagram rade mark Rated shortcircuit breaking capacity and selectivity class Brand name ype Rated current proceeded by the symbol of the tripping curve Sensitivity Reference number Rated voltage ONOFF position Use of an RCBO estbutton Contact position indicator oggle Circuit indicator.

79 ESBUON o ensure the correct functioning of the RCBO, the testbutton shall be pressed frequently. he device must trip when the testbutton is pressed. jan, febr, march,... OGGLE o switch the RCBO ON or OFF CABLE CONNECION he power supply (L) must be done at the bottom terminal, and the supply Neutral flying cable (black) shall be connected to the Neutral bar. Load connection shall be done in both terminals at the top side (L out / N out). he earth reference cable (FE white) ensures protection against earth leakage in case of loss of supply Neutral. N flying lead (black) echnical Data CONAC POSIION INDICAOR Printing on the toggle to provide information of the real contact position. FE flying lead (white) (Earth reference) ION Contacts in closed position. Ensure continuity in the main circuit. OOFF Contacts in open position. Ensure a distance between contacts > mm..7

80 Redline RCBO tripping curves acc. EN/IEC 9 In the following tables it is possible to see the average tripping curves of the RCBO s in function of the thermal calibration as well as of the magnetic characteristic. People Protection Curve B x In Curve C x In.8

81 ext for specifiers RCCB According to EN/IEC 8 standard. Intended to detect residual sinusoidal currents (type AC) or residual pulsating direct currents (type A). Resistance against nuisance tripping according to VDE and EN/IEC 8. Working ambient temperature from C up to + C for type A and from C up to + C for type AC. Approved by CEBEC, KEMA... he RCCB are P and P+N with and modules wide. he Neutral pole in the P+N RCCB is on the right hand side. he N pole closes first of all poles and opens last of all poles. Nominal rated currents are:,,,, 8*A. Nominal residual currents are:,,,, ma. he test circuit is protected against overloads. All RCCB s have a minimum shortcircuit resistance of ka when they are backup protected by means of MCB s or fuses. he making and breaking capacity is A. he residual making and breaking capacity is. A. erminal capacity from up to mm rigid wire or, up to mm flexible wire. he devices,, ma type A or AC have always vertical selectivity with devices ma type S. he selective types have a delayed tripping time in comparison with the instantaneous ones (type A, AC) with sensitivity lower than ma. Both incoming and outgoing terminals have a protection degree of IP and are sealable. Isolator function due to the printing Red/Green on the toggle. Auxiliary contacts can be added on the right hand side. RCCB s can be released by means of shunt trip or undervoltage release. RCCB s can be remotely controled by means of a motor operator. Addon RCD According to EN/IEC 9 standard. Intended to detect residual sinusoidal currents (type AC) or residual pulsating direct currents (type A). Resistance against nuisance tripping according to VDE and EN/IEC 9. Working ambient temperature from C up to + C for type A and from C up to + C for type AC. Approved by CEBEC, KEMA Addon RCD widths are: P modules A & A P modules A & modules A P or modules A & modules A Nominal rated currents are:, A & 8 A Nominal residual currents are:,,,, ma. he test circuit is protected against overloads. he shortcircuit capacity depends on the associated MCB: G... A G... A G... A G... A he residual making and breaking capacity depends of the associated MCB: G... A G... A G... A G...7 A erminal capacity: P modules A & A... mm P modules A... mm P modules A... mm P modules A... mm P modules A & modules A... mm he devices,, ma type A or AC have always vertical selectivity with devices ma type S. he selective types have a delayed tripping time in comparison with the instantaneous ones (type A, AC) with sensitivity lower than ma. Both incoming and outgoing terminals (MCB+Addon RCD) have a protection degree of IP and they are sealable. A codification system between MCB and RCD avoid a incorrect assembly (i.e. MCB A coupled with RCD A). Auxiliary contacts can be added on the left hand side of the MCB part. It can be released by means of shunt trip or undervoltage release. It can be remotely controled by means of a motor operator. he toggle of MCB and RCD are independent, so it is possible to identify the reason of the release. RCBO According to EN/IEC 9 standard. Intended to detect residual sinusoidal currents (type AC) or residual pulsating direct currents (type A). Resistance against nuisance tripping according to VDE and EN/IEC 9. Working ambient temperature from C up to + C for type A and from C up to + C for type AC. Approved by CEBEC, KEMA he RCBO P+N is modules wide or module wide. he Neutral pole is on the left hand side. he N pole closes first of all poles and opens last of all poles. Nominal rated currents are: up to A. Characteristic B & C. Nominal residual currents are:,,,,, ma. he test circuit is protected against overloads. he shortcircuit capacity is ka, with selectivity class. he making and breaking capacity is A he residual making and breaking capacity is 7 A. erminal capacity from up to mm rigid in the top terminals and from up to mm in the bottom terminals. he devices,, ma type A or AC have always vertical selectivity with devices ma type S. Both incoming and outgoing terminals have a protection degree of IP. Isolator function due to the printing Red/Green on the toggle. Auxiliary contacts can be added on the right hand side. RCBO s can be released by means of shunt trip or undervoltage release. RCBO s can be remotely controled by means of a motor operator. echnical Data.9

82 Redline Dimensional drawings RCCB s Series BP People Protection Addon RCCB Series DiffoClick P A P A P A P A.

83 RCBO s Series DM RCBO s Series DME Dimensional drawings Addon RCCB Series DiffoClick P A P A.

84 Redline Addon auxiliary devices echnical Data ElfaPlus Circuit Protection Display contact CA Display contact CB Shunt trip ele L Undervoltage release ele U Motor operator ele MP Panel board switch PBS Stackon configuration People Protection Addon Devices Comfort Functions.

85 Redline Extensions All MCB s (except G), RCCB s (except Delta B) & RCBO s are designed to accept the same family of extensions. Main device ON Normal working status Contacts Function oggle Addon Devices he extensions intended to be coupled to a main device are the following: Display contacts Shunt trip Undervoltage release Emergency release Motor operator Panel board switch Display contacts he display contact lets you know the real contact position of the associated main device. It is also possible to know whether the associated device has been automatically released or it has been manually operated. he display contacts CA and CB fulfil the requirements of the EN/IEC 9 & EN 97 standards. Display contacts CA / CB CA G While pushing ES button Contacts Function oggle continuity between terminals, then when pressing the display contact test button the continuity changes over to terminals. When released, the contacts change over to the previous position. While both devices are in the OFF position there is Main device OFF Normal working status Contacts Function oggle Contacts Maximum current AC V A DC V A 8 V A V A Minimum application voltage AC V DC V Minimum application current AC ma DC ma Shortcircuit resistance Protected by fuses A gg A Protected by MCB C or B A Electrical endurance (operations) erminal capacity rigid cable mm flexible mm erminal capacity for rigid cables mm orque Nm Display contact CA Function H Silver x.. Gold x.. he function H (changeover contact) is intended to provide signalisation of the real status of the associated main device (ON/OFF). While both devices are in the ON position there is While pushing ES button Contacts Function oggle continuity between terminals, then when you press the display contact test button, the continuity changes over to terminals. When released, the contacts are change over to the previous position. Function S he function S (changeover contact) is intended to provide signalisation of the real status of the associated main device in case it releases automatically only. he contacts do not change position during manual operation..

86 Main device ON Normal working status Contacts Function oggle How to change the function S or H Can be easily done before coupling it to the main device by using of a screwdriver to rotate the knob placed at the lefthand side of the auxiliary. An indication of the function appears at the window located in the upper shoulder. Function est button pressed Contacts oggle While both devices are in the ON position there is continuity between terminals 99, then when you press the display contact test button the continuity changes over to terminals 998. When released, the contacts change over to the previous position 99. echnical Data Main device OFF Manual operated Normal working status Contacts Function Function oggle est button pressed Contacts oggle Main device OFF Automatic release Normal working status Contacts ➀ For the H function the terminals will be ➁ For the S function the terminals will be 9998 est & reset function est function Allows testing of the control circuit (unstable changing of contact position) by moving the front button up or down, without effecting the electrical situation (ON/OFF) of the main device. Reset function By electrically switching off of the main device (due to overload, shortcircuit or earth fault current), the changeover contact switches: a red line appears in the front button (visible indication of electrical fault in the installation). he changeover contact can be reset by pushing the test button down without changing the electrical situation (ON/OFF) of the main device. Function oggle est button pressed Contacts Function oggle In the case of both devices being in the OFF position, it is needed to identify whether they have been manual operated or it was an authomatic release. Manual operation he contact positon of the display contact has not changed. here is continuity between terminal 9 9. When pressing the display contact test button, the continuity is changing over to terminals 998. When stop pressing, the contacts change over to the previous position 99. Automatic release he contact position of the display contact has changed. here is continuity between terminals When pressing the display contact reset button, the continuity is changing over to terminals 99, and it remains in that position even when released. Gold plated contacts Gold plated contacts are intended to be used in circuits with either low voltage (<V) or low current (<ma)..

87 Redline How to couple to the main device he display contact (CA H and CA S/H) can easily be coupled either to the right or the lefthand side of the main device. he display contacts are delivered as standard to be coupled on the righthand side of the main device. Addon Devices Attach the display contact to the main device, with both toggles in OFF position. Click the two coupling parts into position. he coupling on the lefthand side of any device can be easily done according the following instructions. OA OB Move the metal pin on the toggle to the righthand side. Move and click the squared plastic pin to righthand side. Attach the display contact to the main device, with both toggles in OFF position. Click the two coupling parts into position..

88 he display contact CA allows the passthrough of the PIN or FORK type busbars when they are installed at either the top or bottom terminal of the main device. he CA display is delivered to allow the busbar passthrough at the bottom terminal. If you need busbar passthrough at the top terminals this can be achieved easily thanks to the innovative system base + contact block which allows the installer of the base position (busbar passthrough at top or bottom terminal). echnical Data With the help of a screwdriver, remove the mechanism block from the base. urn the base 8. Insert the mechanism block into the base. Display contact CB his device has a double function with one auxiliary contact H (bottom terminals) plus a changeable signal/auxiliary contact S/H (top terminals). he functions H and S/H work identically to the functions of the CA displays. he CB display contact does not permit the busbar to passthrough. here are two versions: one to be assembled to the right hand side of the main device and another one to be added on the left hand side. Does not permit the stackon configuration. How to couple to the main device he display contact CB can be easly coupled on the righthand side (CB SH/HHR) or on the lefthand side (CB SH/HHL) by placing the auxiliary contact and the main device one to another with both toggles in the OFF position..

89 Redline Shunt trip ele L Application examples he ele L allows you to switch off any MCB, RCCB, or RCBO by means of pushbuttons or any other automatic management processors. A builtin contact in series with the coil prevents burning damage if the voltage remains. A builtin contact provides signalisation of the device status (open/close). ele L ele L Addon Devices Nominal voltage AC V Nominal voltage DC V Minimum voltage AC / DC V Closing current V A V A V A 8 V A V A Operating time V ms V ms V ms 8 V ms V ms Coil impedance Electrical endurance (operations) erminal capacity rigid cable mm flexible cable mm erminal capacity for rigid cables mm orque Nm to to.8 Un x.. to to 8.8 Un...7. x.. How to couple to the main device he shunt trip can easily be coupled either to the right or the lefthand side of the main device (see fig. and ). he shunt trip (ele L) can be coupled on the righthand side of the main device (see fig. ). fig. o couple on the righthand side Place the shunt trip next to the main device with both toggles in OFF position. Lock the coupling clips at the top, bottom and rear into position..

90 fig. o couple on the lefthand side: can be easily done according to the following instructions. O With the help of a screwdriver, push the toggle pin to the righthand side. echnical Data O O Place the shunt trip to the main device with both toggles in OFF position. O Lock the coupling parts in top and bottom as well as the coupling part in the back side into position. O Remove the metal pin on the lefthand side. Busbar connection: the shunt trip ele L allows the use of the PIN or FORK type busbars at the bottom terminals as well as the use of the PIN type busbars at the top terminals..7

91 Redline Undervoltage release ele U ime delay selector Addon Devices he ele U releases the main MCB, RCCB, RCBO or modular switch in case the power supply drops below.xun. ime delay adjusting up to ms. he ele U can be switched on, once the voltage rises over,8xun. Nominal voltage AC / DC ripping voltage V V ripping time ms Power consumption VA Frequency Hz Hz Electrical endurance (operations) erminal capacity rigid cable mm flexible cable mm erminal capacity for rigid cables mm orque Nm ele U. Un (±%)...7. x.. ele U. Un (±%)...7. x.. ele U 8 8. Un (±%)...7. x.. ele U. Un (±%)...7. x.. Application examples In order to avoid unwanted tripping due to microcut in the power supply, it is possible to delay the tripping time of the ele U from up to ms. How to couple to the main device he undervoltage release can easily be coupled either on the right or the lefthand side of the main device. (see fig. and fig. ). he undervoltage release is designed to be coupled on the righthand side of the main device (see fig. ). fig. o couple on the righthand side Click the coupling parts in top and bottom as well as the coupling part in the back side into position. Place the undervoltage release to the main device, with both toggles in OFF position..8

92 fig. o couple on the lefthand side: can be easily done according to the following instructions. O With the help of a screwdriver, push both tripping pin and toggle pin to the righthand side. echnical Data O Place the undervoltage release to the main device, with both toggles in the OFF position. O Click the coupling parts in top and bottom as well as the coupling part in the back side into position. Busbar passthrough: the undervoltage release allows the passthrough of the PIN or FORK type busbars at the bottom terminals as well as the passthrough of the PIN type busbars at the top terminals. ripping indicator: provides local information of the device status. White indicator oggle in ON position: the undervoltage release is working normally oggle in OFF position: the undervoltage release has been manually operated Blue indicator he undervoltage release has been electrically activated.9

93 Redline Motor operator ele MP Application example he ele M allows to open or close remotely any MCB, RCCB, RCBO or modular switch by means of pushbuttons or any other automatic management processor (RCCO, PLC.) Addon Devices he motor operator has a safety reset function which blocks the ION function, in case the main device trips due to a fault in the installation (earth leakage, overcurrent, shortcircuit). o switch on the main device after tripping it is needed first to give the motor operator an impulse in OOFF, then the motor can be operated normally to switch ON. Motor driver Nominal voltage AC V Frequency Hz Power consumption VA Closing time ms Opening time ms Impulse time to open ms Impulse time to close ms Number of operations Working temperature C Electrical endurance operations erminal capacity rigid cable mm flexible cable mm erminal capacity for rigid cables mm orque Nm How to couple to the main device ±% < < > > up to x.. he motor operator ele MP can easily be coupled either to the right or the lefthand side of the main device. (see fig. and fig.) fig. o couple on the righthand side Place the motor operator next to the main device with both toggles in OFF position. Lock the plastic and metal coupling clips at the top, bottom and rear into position. Remove the metal pin on the right hand side of the motor. Push the motor operator toggle over the main device toggle (maximum. modules)..

94 fig. o couple on the lefthand side Place the motor operator next to the main device with both toggles in OFF position. Lock the plastic and metal coupling clips at the top, bottom and rear into position. Remove the metal pin on the lefthand side of the motor. Push the motor operator toggle over the main device toggle (maximum. modules). echnical Data Extensions Extensions can be added either on the left or the righthand side of the motor operator according to the following configuaration. Padlocking he motor operator can be blocked electrically in the OFF position by means of a safetysealing handle, which can be locked with one padlock..

95 Redline Panel board switch PBS he panel board switch coupled to a main device is intended to switch off any MCB, RCCB or RCBO in case the front cover of the enclosure is removed. It is a mechanical safety device, which reduces the risk of electric shock in case of manipulation of the panel board. Addon Devices he panel board switch can easily be coupled either to the right or the lefthand side of the main device, according to the following instructions.. Click the two coupling parts into position.. OA Remove the protective cover to gain access to the mechanism. OB Remove the pin from the lodging.. he toggle of the main device can not be switched ON, if the button of the panel board switch is not pressed by the enclosure front cover.. Place the pin into position.. he main device can be switched ON without the need of placing the enclosure front cover into position, by pulling down the yellow part of the button.. Place the panel board switch to the main device with the toggle in OFF position. 7. he main device can be switched ON normally when the enclosure front cover is placed into the closed position..

96 Stackon configuration o all MCB s, RCCB s and RCBO s it is possible to add extensions alongside taking into consideration the following configuration. CA CB ele L ele U ele MP PBS Display contact H or S/H Display contact H + S/H Shunt trip Undervoltage release Motor operator Panel board switch Assembly on the lefthand side ele U ele L echnical Data ele U ele L x CA x CA ele MP G G G EP G EP G EP G G RCBO = Coupled MCB RCBO and addon RCBO CB PBS.

97 Redline CA CB ele L ele U ele MP PBS Display contact H or S/H Display contact H + S/H Shunt trip Undervoltage release Motor operator Panel board switch Addon Devices Assembly on the righthand side ele L ele U x CA ele L ele U G G G EP EP G EP G G G ele MP x CA RCCB Series RCCB BP/BD RCBO RCBO Series DM CB PBS.

98 Dimensional drawings Auxiliary Series CA Auxiliary Series CB Shunt rip ele L Undervoltage Release ele U echnical Data Motor Driver ele MP PBS Panel board switch.

99 Redline Comfort functions echnical Data ElfaPlus Circuit Protection Aster Switches and pushbuttons Contax Contactors Contax R Relays Pulsar S Impulse switches Pulsar S Staircase switches Pulsar iming relays Classic Electromechanical timers Galax Digital timers Galax LSS Light sensitive switches Series ransformers Series M Measurement instruments SurgeGuard Surge arresters Dimensional drawings People Protection Addon Devices Comfort Functions.

100 Redline Comfort Functions Aster Switches and pushbuttons Introduction he Aster family of devices covers subfamilies: Switches and pushbuttons and A Rotary switches, and A Mains disconnect switches in,, 8 and A. Function he and A switches and pushbuttons are mainly used to operate lighting and heating equipment in the commercial sector. For example in warehouses, shops, workshops, hospitals, etc. Rotary switches are mainly used as main switch. Also in case of motorloads, this switch can be used. In case absolute safe disconnection is required, the mains disconnect switch is to be used. Switches and pushbuttons Features Photo shows the front view of the modular switches and pushbuttons. he main characteristics are printed in the upper part of the device O hese are: Switching capacity Operating voltage Wiring diagram digit ordering code Related to the switching capacity, a and a A family exists. All devices can be used up to V. For the onoff switches, a greenon and redoff indication on the toggle itself is present to indicate the status of the switch O. photo O O O7 O O O O O Alternatively, these devices are also available with an indication lamp O to indicate its status. Pushbuttons are available both with O and without O a lamp. he function of the circuit that is operated by the switch or pushbutton can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. hall, living, garage,. he Pozidriv terminals O7 are clearly marked and are all captive. ext for specifiers he modular switches and pushbuttons all have the CEBEC approval mark he,, and pole and A switches are available in only module, while the and pole devices are also available in modules All switches and pushbuttons have a high interrupting capacity thanks to the double contact interruption per pole he captive Pozidriv terminals guarantee a solid, reliable connection for wires with a cross section going from. to mm he terminals have an IP protection degree, he devices are DINrail mountable he switches and pushbuttons are equipped with a transparent circuit indicator he shortcircuit resistance is at least kv he switches can be locked both in the on as well as in the offposition. Mains disconnect switches accept auxiliary contact addon right or left hand side..

101 Rotary switches Features Photo shows the front view of the rotary switches. he main characteristics are printed in the upper part of the device O. hese are: Rated current Operating voltage digit ordering code Related to the switching capacity, versions in A, A and A exist. All devices can be used up to V. photo O wo handles are available: a standard (black, see fig.) and an emergency handle (red, see fig.). Important: In case the handle is mounted on the door, the panel can only be opened when the handle is in the OFFposition. he emergency handle can be sealed by means of up to padlocks. fig. Switches and pushbuttons O fig. he Pozidriv terminals O are clearly marked, are all captive and can be sealed by means of a terminal cover. he disconnect function is visible at all times by means of the handle. By using the shaft extension, the handle itself can be mounted on the door of an enclosure, while the switch itself can be mounted on the DINrail or panel (photo ). photo ext for specifiershe rotary switches all have the CEBEC and KEMA approval mark following IEC 97. Due to its construction, the rotary switch can securely interrupt and as such is a disconnect switch. his, together with the high shortcircuit resistance and the visible contact status, makes it possible to use this switch as a main switch, he housing is made of thermoplastic material with a high creepagecurrent resistance he movable contacts of the switch are operated as a paralel bridge with double interruption per pole. he shortcircuit resistance is very high he rotary switches all have a width of modules, Shaft extensions with standard and emergencyhandles are available he rotary switches can be padlocked in the offposition he terminals can be sealed by means of a terminal cover.

102 Redline Comfort Functions Mains disconnect switches Features Photo shows the front view of the mains disconnect switches. he main characteristics are printed in the upper part of the device O. hese are: Switching capacity Operating voltage Wiring diagram digit ordering code Related to the switching capacity, versions in,, 8 and A exist. All devices can be used up to V. he red handle O draws the attention to the fact that this is a mains disconnect switch. All types are equipped with mm safety terminals O with captive Pozidriv screws. he terminal position is aligned with the terminalposition of the MCB s offering the benefit of interconnecting both devices with a pin or forktype busbar. ext for specifiers he mains disconnect switches all have the CEBEC approval mark pole per module All switches have a high interrupting capacity thanks to the double contact interruption per pole he switches can be used as mains disconnect switches he captive Pozidriv terminals guarantee a solid, reliable connection for wires with a cross section going from to mm he terminals have an IP protection degree DINrail mountable Equipped with a transparent circuit indicator he shortcircuit resistance is better than kv he switches can be locked both in the on as well as the offposition he switches are suitable to be used in class AC Auxiliary contact addon possibilities on both sides photo O O O O O Easy DINrail extraction as implemented on the MCB s and RCD s is also applicable due to the same DINrail clip O. he function of the circuit that is operated by the switch can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. hall, living, garage,..

103 Contax Operation Contactors Function Contactors are electromechanically controlled switches, mainly used to control high power singleor multiphase loads while the control itself can be (very) low power. ypical applications are given in figure to. fig. Startstop of a monophase lampload As long as the control circuit (coil) is energised, the NOcontacts are closed and the NCcontacts are opened. From the moment the control circuit is deenergised again, the contacts return to their rest position. NOcontacts are opened and NCcontacts are closed. Features and benefits In photo, the front views of the, and module contactors are shown. he main characteristics of the device are printed in the upper part O. hese are: Switching capacity Coil voltage Wiring diagram digit ordering code Contactors photo O O O O O O O fig. Direct startup of cage motor fig. imeclock controlled onoff switching of a phase electrical heater Related to switching capacity, a complete range is available:,, and A. he A contactors have an ACcoil and as a consequence can only be used on AC. he, and Acontactors all have a DCcoil which makes them absolutely noisefree (NO Hznoise). A builtin rectifier bridge allows the use of AC as well as on DC at all times. he coils of all contactors are protected against overvoltages of up to kv by means of a builtin varistor. Infrequently used coil voltages are also available. he flag O indicates whether or not the coil is energised. he function of the contactor or the circuit that is operated by the contactor can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. hall, living, garage,. he clearly marked Pozidriv terminals O are all captive. wo NO or NONC auxiliary contacts, used for remote indication of the contact position of the contactor, are available for the, and A contactors (module types CX or CX respectively). he auxiliary contacts can only be mounted on the left side of the device (photo ). photo.

104 Redline Comfort Functions DayNight contactors his contactor was designed to be used in dual tariff (DayNight) applications. he number one application for this contactor is the control of an electrical water heater (fig.). fig. In general, a daynight contactor is controlled by an output contact of a dualtariff meter. On and off impulses, sent by the energysupplier over the powerlinenetwork, are decoded in the meter and switch the output contact to the on or off state, switching in its turn the daynight contactor on or off. fig. Autoswitch Autoswitch he additional Autoswitch allows the user to overrule the normal operation of the contactor (fig.). For normal operation, this switch is in the Autoposition and the daynight contactor is operated by the output contact of the dualtariff energy meter. In the example of the electrical water heater, the water will only be warmed up during offpeak hours (i.e. at night with minimum price per kwh) Oposition Putting the lever in the Oposition completely isolates the circuits controlled by the contactor, no matter what the position of the output contact on the dualtariff meter, for example when the service is not required over a longer period. position With the lever in this position, the contactor is forced to its on position. In the example of the electrical water heater, one would put the switch in this position after coming back from holidays to force the heating on if the switch was in the O position during the holiday. Should, by coincidence, the user forget to switch the level to the autoposition again after the forced operation, the device will return automaticaly to the automatic operation as soon as the coil is energised (by the contact of the energysupplier meter). Switching capacity Depending on the type of load, the switching capacity of a contactor can change drastically. Indeed, the interrupting capacity of any switch, not only a contactor, is quite different for DC than for AC or for pure ohmic loads than for inductive or capacitive loads. ables and indicate the maximum current/power that the different contactorfamilies can switch reletive to the type of load. ypically for lighting applications, table indicates in detail the number of lamps or transformers each family of contactors is capable of switching, reletive to the power per unit. As always, these figures are per phase and at VHz. Switching of heaters and motors (table ) CX CX CX CX AC/AC7a Switching of heaters Rated operational current Ie Rated operational power V V V AC/AC7b Switching of motors Rated operational current Ie Rated operational power V V V A A wo current paths connected parallel permit. x Ie (AC). kw 9A.kW. kw 9. kw kw 9A. kw. kw. kw A 8.7 kw kw kw A.7 kw. kw. kw A. kw. kw. kw A. kw 8. kw. kw.

105 Switching of DC (table ) ype CX Rated operational voltage Ue VDC 8 VDC VDC VDC VDC current path. A. A 7. A 7. A.9 A DC (L/R ms) current paths series. A. A. A A. A current paths series, A. A. A. A. A current path A 8. A. A. A. A DC (L/R ms) current paths series. A 8. A. A. A. A current paths series. A. A. A A. A CX CX VDC 8 VDC VDC VDC VDC VDC 8 VDC VDC VDC VDC. A. A 8. A 8. A. A. A. A. A 9. A. A Switching for lamp load (table ). A. A. A 7. A. A. A. A. A 9. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A 7. A 9. A A. A.8 A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A. A A 7. A. A. A. A 8. A 8. A. A. A. A. A 8. A. A. A 7. A 8. A. A. A Contactors Lamp type Lamp data Permitted number of lamps per phase ( V, Hz) for contactor type Capacitor Incandescent lamps Fluorescent lamps High presure mercury vapor lamps eg. HQL, HPL Lamps with electronic power supply units Watt In (A) uncompensated and series compensation twolamp circuit x x x x x x x. x. x. x. x. x.7 parallel compensation uncompensated 8 7 /V parallel compensation /V. CX 7 x x7 x x x x CX 7 x x x x x x Permitted number of electropower supply units per phase x8 x8 x x x8 x CX x8 x x x x8 x CX x x x8 x x8 x (µf)

106 Redline able (continued) Lamp type Lamp data Permitted number of lamps per phase ( V, Hz) for contactor type Capacitor Comfort Functions Metalhalogen lamps eg. HQI, HPI Low pressure sodium vapor lamps High pressure sodium vapor lamps Watt In (A) uncompensated /V. /V 8 parallel compensation /V. /V. uncompensated parallel compensated 9 8 uncompensated parallel compensated CX CX 8 8 CX CX (µf) ransformer data Permitted number of transformers per phase ( V, Hz) ransformers for halogen low voltage lamps Watt Auxiliary contact (table ) CX CX Rated current Rated operational current Ie at AC for Minimum current density V V V A A A A V, ma.8

107 Endurance In general, the guaranteed number of operations at nominal load in AC is called the electrical service life. he Contax and Contax DN contactors all have an electrical service life of operations (Note: cycle = NO NC NO = operations). However, if the load of the contactor is less than its nominal load, also the erosion of the contacts will be less and as a consequence, the electrical service life will increase. he graphs in figure 8 show the relation between the number of operations and the maximum load allowed to obtain this life expectancy. fig.8a Endurance curve (Operations vs. switchingoff current) AC/ V for CX,, AC/ V for CX Example An electrical heater (.kw, V, single phase) is used for days per year. As an average, the thermostat switches times a day on and off (= operations). he total number of operations per year is ( days x operations/day). he current this heater draws is roughly A. In this case, a A contactor will operate for 7. years ( / ), a A contactor will operate for 9 years (8 / ), a A contactor will operate for years ( / ), a A contactor will operate for 7 years ( / ). General remarks Using contactors at low voltage, and especially when several devices can be operated simultaneously, ultimate care should be taken to the correct dimensioning of the stepdown transformer. When several adjacent contactors are continuously energised ( hour and more), the heat dissipation could influence the correct operation in a negative way. o avoid this, a spacer module should be installed between every third and fourth device (type designation CX SP). his is not applicable for the Acontactors. ext for specifiers Contactors fig.8b Endurance curve (Operations vs. switchingoff current (kw)) AC/ V for CX,, AC/ V for CX Contactors all have a silent operation and therefore are preferably equipped with a DCcoil. An internal bridge rectifier allows the contactor to be used on AC (from to Hz)as well as on DC (except for the Acontactor). he capacity of the loadterminals is from. to mm. he capacity of the controlterminals is from. to mm. he contactors are equipped with a flag which indicates the position of the coil (contacts). he protectiondegree of the contactor is IP. he devices are modular and DINrail mountable. Auxiliary contacts as well as spacers for heat dissipation are available. he powersupply voltage is allowed to vary in the range of %xun. 8%xUn without influencing the correct operation of the device. DayNight contactors are available; these contactors have a Auto switch for manual operation. his switch cannot be blocked in the position. he contactor is equipped with a transparent circuit indicator..9

108 Redline Contax R Features Comfort Functions Relays Function Relays are electromechanically controlled switches used to control single or multiphase low to medium power loads while the control itself can be (very) low power. Also, relays are often used as interfaces to obtain galvanic separation. ypical applications are given in figure and. fig. Startstop of lampload with relay Photo shows the front view of a and module relay. he main characteristics are printed in the upper part of the device O. hese are: Switching capacity Coil voltage Wiring diagram digit ordering code. Related to the switching capacity, only a Afamily exists. As can be seen in chapter D, only certain combinations of voltages, switching capacity and number of contacts are available of the shelf. Other combinations are available on request. By means of the toggle on the front of the device O, the contacts can be forced to their energised position. photo O fig. Relay as interface between field and PLC O O O O O O Operation As long as the control circuit (coil) is energised, the NOcontacts of the relay are closed and the NCcontacts are opened. From the moment the control circuit is deenergised again, the contacts return to their rest position. NOcontacts are opened and NCcontacts are closed. he position of each contact is visualised individually by means of a mechanical indicator O. he function of the relay or the circuit that is operated by the relay can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. hall, living, garage,. he Pozidriv terminals O are clearly marked and are all captive. General remarks Using relays at low voltage, and especially when several devices can be operated simultaneously, ultimate care should be taken to the correct dimensioning of the stepdown transformer. When several adjacent relays are continuously energised, the heat dissipation could irreversibly damage those devices. o avoid this, a spacer module should be installed between every second and third device (type designation PLS SP)..

109 echnical performances ables and show in detail the maximum number of lamps and transformers respectively that each contact of a relay can switch at VHz for the different types of loads. able Lamp type Lamp data Perm. number of lamps Incandescent P (W) 7 In (A) A Relays Fluorescent uncompensated Fluorescent lamp circuit x 8 x x x x x 8 x Fluorescent paralel compensated Metal Halogen uncompensated(l.e. HQI) High pressure sodium vapor lamps Uncompensated (I.e. NAV) Low pressure sodium vapor lamps Uncompensated (I.e. Sox) High pressure mercury vapor uncompensated (I.e. HQL) Lamps with electronic power supply (EVG s)

110 Redline able Comfort Functions ransformer type ransformers for low voltage halogen lamps ransformer data P (W) 7 ext for specifiers Permitted number of transformers A 9 7 and pole relays have a width of module, and pole devices have a width of modules. Permanent use of the control circuit is allowed although in this case a spacermodule must be added every second relay. he maximum switching frequency is equal to /h at nominal load. he position of each contact is individually visualised. Manual closing of the contacts is possible at all time. he captive Pozidriv terminals guarantee a solid, reliable connection. he devices are DINrail mountable. he relay is equipped with a transparent circuit indicator..

111 Pulsar S fig. Impulse switches Function Impulse switches are electromechanical or electronically controlled switches used to control single or multiphase mediumpower loads while the control itself can be (very) low power. he device switches between stable positions, each time a (brief) impulse energises its control circuit. ypical applications are given in figure to. fig. Electromechanical impulse switches Impulse switches fig. In these devices, the two stable positions are established by means of a mechanical cammechanism that operates the contacts. he moving part of the coil pushes the cammechanism in to its next state each time the coil is energised. Photo shows the front view of the electromechanical impulse switches. he main characteristics of the device are printed in the upper part of the device O. hese are: Switching capacity Coil voltage Wiring diagram digit ordering code Related to the switching capacity, two families exist: A and A. In both families, the following coil voltages are standard and available of the shelf:,, 8, and V, and and VDC. Manual operation is possible by means of the toggle O on the front of the device. he position of each contact is shown at all time by means of a mechanical indicator O. he circuit that is operated by this impulse switch can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. hall, living, garage,. he Pozidriv terminals O are clearly marked and are all captive. fig. photo O O O O O O.

112 Redline photo photo Comfort Functions fig.8 Remote indication of the contact position can be accomplished by means of the addon auxiliary contact module PLS (photo ). he auxiliary contact can only be mounted on the left side of the device. Independent of coil voltage or number of contacts, always the same addon module for centralised command PLS C can be used (photo ). he centralised command module can only be mounted on the right side of the device. Additionally, the PLS M multilevel centralised command module allows an almost unlimited number of hierarchical levels for grouped on off switching. Figure 8 shows the wiring for a multilevel centralised command application. Both an auxiliary contact module and a central command module can be mounted on the same device at the same time. Electromechanical stepbystep impulse switches If two different circuits need to be operated with only one pushbutton, possibly from different places, stepbystep, multicircuit impulse switches are the solution. he subsequent contact positions are shown in table. able Step Contact Open Open Closed Closed Example: one hall with rows of lights (see fig.9); in step, no lights are activated, in step only the middle row is activated, in step all rows are activated and in step both outermost rows are activated. Assuming all lights have the same characteristics, in this way the lightintensity can be regulated in steps: Off, %, % and %. fig.9 Contact Open Closed Closed Open.

113 Electronic impulse switches Here the two stable positions are generated by means of a bistable electronic circuit that operates a buildin miniature relay. In photo one can see the front view of this device with the cover closed as well as open. he main characteristics are printed on the upper part of the device O. As opposed to the electromechanical impulse switches, manual operation is not possible. he position of each contact is visualised by means of a LED O. he circuit that is operated by this impulse switch can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. hall, living, garage,. photo O O O O he Pozidriv terminals O are clearly marked and are all captive. he addoncentralised command module cannot be applied to the electronic impulse switches. Instead, special electronic impulse switches with this function already builtin, are available. his reduces cabling time. General remarks When using the centralised command function, make sure that the same polarity is used for the local command as for the central command. Figure shows correct and erroneous connection of the centralised command module. Using impulse switches at low voltage, and especially when several impulse switches can be operated simultaneously (i.e. centralised command), ultimate care should be taken to the correct dimensioning of the stepdown transformer (see also table on page.7). When the control voltage is continuously applied, a spacer module PLS SP should be mounted between every second and third impulse switch. echnical performances ables and (next page) show in detail the maximum number of lamps or transformers that each contact of an impulse switch can switch at VHz for the different families (, and A) and for different loads. Impulse switches fig.a Local Local Central On Central Off Central On Central Off fig.b Central Local Local Local Local Central.

114 Redline Switching of lamp load (table ) Lamp type Lamp data Permitted number of lamps Comfort Functions Incandescent Fluorescent uncompensated Fluorescent lamp circuit P (W) x8 x x x x x8 x In (A) A A A Fluorescent paralel compensated Metal Halogen uncompensated (I.e. HQI) High pressure sodium vapor lamps Uncompensated (I.e. NAV) Low pressure sodium vapor lamps Uncompensated (I.e. Sox) High pressure mercury vapor uncompensated (I.e. HQL) Lamps with electronic power supply (EVG s)

115 Switching of transformers (table ) ransformer type ransformer data Permitted number of transformer ransformers for low voltage halogen lamps Number of impulse switches as function of voltage stepdown transformer (table ) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS xx (+ PLS C + PLS M) PLS S xx PLS S xx PLS C xx xx PLS C xx xx R B VA V 8 R B 8 S 8VA V R B VA V 7 R B VA V P (W) 7 R S VA V R S VA V 7 A 8 R S VA V R S VA V A 9 7 R S VA V R S VA V A 8 R S VA V 9 R S VA V Impulse switches ext for specifiers Depending on the application, electromechanic or electronic impulse can be used. and pole impulse switches have a width of module, and pole devices have a width of modules. he position of each contact is individually shown. Manual operation is possible at all time by means of a toggle. he captive Pozidriv terminals have a capacity of x(. to.)mm for the control circuit and to mm for the load circuit. he terminals do guarantee a solid and reliable connection. Permanent use of the control circuit is allowed for the and pole devices, although in this case a spacermodule must be added every second impulse switch. he devices are DINrail mountable. he protection degree of the impulse switch is IP. he impulse switch is equipped with a transparent circuit indicator. Addon modules for distant reporting (auxiliary contact) and centralised command are available as well as allinone central command impulse switches and multicircuit impulse switches..7

116 Redline Comfort Functions Pulsar S Staircase switches Function and range A staircase light switch is a special purpose delayoff timer. In addition to a delayoff timer, the staircase switch will allow a certain amount of (limited) current to pass through the coil without energisation. his current usually comes from illuminated pushbuttons, used to help people in a dark staircase find these pushbuttons. he range of Pulsar S staircase time switches includes: An electromechanical controlled device, with a very competitive cost and with an acceptable accuracy (see fig. for timing details) Electronic controlled devices for applications where a higher accuracy is needed (same timing diagram as for the electromechanical device, see fig.) A device with a builtin end of light on prewarning by means of briefly switching off and on again the load at the end of the cycle (flasher function; can be used with all different kinds of loads) (see fig.) A device with builtin end of light on prewarning by means of dimming the load at the end of the cycle (dimfunction; can be used only with resistive and incandescent loads) (see fig.) A dim addon module which can be used in combination with the standard electromechanical as well as with the standard electronic staircase switch. Features and benefits Figures and show the front and what s behind the cover for the PL S M OA, PL S E OB and PL S F OC staircase time switches and for the PL S D OD dim addon module. Besides the delaytime dial O, all staircase switches have a permanent on and off override switch O and for the electronic devices an output status indication LED O. fig. O O O OA OB OC OD O O fig. iming diagram for standard electromechanical and electronic staircase switch he function of the staircase time switch or the circuit that it operates can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. hall, staircase west, staircase east. he clearly marked Pozidriv safety terminals O are all captive. fig. iming diagram for electronic staircase switch with flasher prewarning fig. O fig. iming diagram for electronic staircase switch with dimfunction O.8

117 Also in this case, the function of the staircase time switch or the circuit that it operates can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O. All electronic staircase switches can be used in a or wire configuration (see below) without any special wiring or hardwaresetting. For the electromechanical version however, the selection between a or wire wiring is accomplished by means of a switch on the side of the device as is shown in figure 7. fig.7 this case we cannot use one common wire for the pushbuttons and for the lamps as in the above wiring diagram. For this setup, wire wiring as shown in figure 9 is required. Also in this case the PEconductor is not shown. fig.9 Staircase swithces wire selection switch and wire wiring Depending on the wiring execution in the field i.e. the way in which the wireconducts are physically interconnecting the pushbuttons, lamps and staircase switch, the cabling can be carried out in two different ways. If there is only one tube or cable daisychaining all pushbuttons and all lamps, then, as is shown in figure 8, a wire wiring would be the most economic way of doing. For simplicity reasons the PEconductor is not shown here. However, in some cases one wiringtube or cable is interconnecting all lamps with the staircase light switch and another tube or cable is interconnecting all pushbuttons as shown in figure 9. Obviously in Wiring the dim addon module he dim addon module is a universal usable addon that can be used in combination with all types of staircase switches. Operation (see fig. and fig.) When the staircase switch is energised through one of the pushbuttons, its output contact energises the load and the dim addon module. herefore, the output contact of the dimmodule is in its on state. As soon as the time of the staircase switch has elapsed, its output contact opens. As the dimmodule acts as a delay off timer, its output contact remains closed. he level of the voltage supplied to the coil of the dimmodule through its own contact however is not high enough to keep the coil energised. Indeed, because of the internal diode in series with the output contact, half of the supply voltage is cut away. his results in an RMS value of the voltage supplied to the coil of the dimmodule and to the load being only half of the nominal supply voltage. fig.8 fig. dim addon module.9

118 Redline Figure shows in detail the different voltagewaveforms as function of time: V = supply voltage waveform passing the contact of the staircase switch, V = supply voltage waveform passing the contact of the dimaddon module, V = resulting voltage waveform applied to the load. When applying an additional wire as shown in figure, the current drawn by the bulbs of the illuminated pushbuttons is sunk through this wire instead of through the coil of the staircase switch. In this case an unlimited number of illuminated pushbuttons can be put in parallel to operate the staircase switch. Comfort Functions fig. fig. Using illuminated pushbuttons All Pulsar S staircase switches can be operated by means of illuminated pushbuttons where the lamp is put directly in parallel to the pushbutton (see fig.). fig. In this case the lamp extinguishes when the pushbutton is pushed and is constantly litup otherwise. While litup, the total current drawn by these lamps flows entirely through the coil of the staircase switch. herefore, the number of illuminated pushbuttons (lamps) that can operate one staircase switch is limited in order not to automatically energise the coil. able below shows the maximum current allowed to flow through each of the different Pulsar S staircase switches without energising them. able PL S M PL S E PL S F PL S D Applicable standards All Pulsar S staircase time switches are designed according to the following standards (latest version unless indicated otherwise): 9 EN EN 8 VDE ext for specifiers Devices based on electronic as well as on electromechanical technology are in the range. he NO output contact of the staircase switches is voltagefree for all devices in the range. All devices have a manual on/off override switch. or wire cabling is possible with all devices. he devices are all DINrail mountable. An electronic addon dimmodule can be used in combination with both the electromechanical as well as with the electronic staircase switches. All staircase switches can be retriggered at all time. he range includes staircase switches with early turnoff prewarning by means of brief interruptions of the load circuit at the end of the cycle (flashfunction) or by means of dimming the load at the end of the cycle (dimfunction), he use of illuminated pushbuttons is possible at all time. o this respect, the total current flowing through the coil without energising it is at least ma for the electromechanical and at least ma for the electronic staircase switches. All devices have a transparent circuit indicator. he captive Pozidriv terminals have a capacity of x(. to.)mm for the control circuit and to mm for the load circuit. he terminals guarantee a solid, reliable connection. ma ma ma ma.

119 Pulsar iming relays Function Use of incoming impulses to give predictable outputimpulses. Operating functions and applications Figures to show the different timing functions together with the applications. iming relays fig. Delay On (PL ON) Avoid driveway lightup in case the movement detector "accidently" detects someone passing by. fig. Positive edge single shot (PL PS) Opening of automatic door. Energising the motor during a certain time "t" in order to open the door when movement is detected. fig. Delay Off (PL OF) he use of a delayoff timer avoids the pump from switching on and off all the time A hysteresis is built in. fig. Negative edge single shot (PL NS) Energising the motor during time "t" in order to close the door again when no movement is detected. fig. Delay On and Off (PL OO) Ventilation in toilets etc. fig. Symmetrical flasher (PL AS) Flashlight..

120 Redline Programming Except for the multifunction timing relay, all devices have two dials to set the delay (see photo ). he upper one O is the preset of a time i.e. from. sec to h. he lower one O is the multiplier of this time. he product of both gives the actual time delay. Comfort Functions photo O O O Examples Requested delay time is 7 minutes: put upper switch on min and lower switch on 7. Requested delay time is minutes: put upper switch on min and lower switch on 8. Requested delay time is hours: put upper switch on h and lower switch on. In this way, the time range on these timing relays is presetable from. sec to h. he additional dial O on the multifunction timing relay is used to select the function. Wiring diagram fig.8.

121 Classic Electromechanical timers Introduction he Classic family of electromechanical timers is used to switch loads on and off, according to a preprogrammed switchplan, as a function of time. his range of electromechanical timers covers and channel devices, net or quartzsynchronised with a daily or/and weekly program. Operation A motor drives a dial with switches. When put in their ON state, these switches mechanically operate a contact. In this way, the A outputcontact is switched over a period of time, according to the setting of the switches on the dial. Besides the timed switching, the output can be manually forced to the ON or OFFstate at any time. Features and benefits Photos to show the front of the CLS x, CLS x, CLS x and CLS x Classic timers. he dials clearly indicate daily or weekly operation O. he daily version has the shortest switching time of minutes. he shortest switching time of the weekly version is hours. he different modes of operation are clearly marked with selfexplaining symbols next to the switch. he function of the timer or the circuit that it operates can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. heating, lighting, etc. By means of photo O O O O O photo O O O photo O O O O O ypename definition he typename of a Classic timer is a unique designation that includes the main features of the timer. It is composed of parts: CLS: abbreviation for Classic Q or S: quartz or netsynchronised,,, of which the first figure represents the width of the device in number of modules, while the second figure represents the number of channels D, W, DD or DW indicating daily, weekly or combined dailydaily or dailyweekly operation M indicating metal dialswitch execution. O O O O7 O O O7 Electromechanical timers O7 the plastic cover, the timer can be sealed making it impossible to alter the program or the actual time O. he clearly marked Pozidriv safety terminals O7 are all captive..

122 Redline Comfort Functions erminology Program per channel Examples xx is a daily timer (x); minimum duration between subsequent switchings (=shortest switching time) is minutes (x). 7x: is a weekly timer (7x); minimum duration between subsequent switchings is hours (:). xx & 7x: is timer with a combined daily and weekly program (x and 7x); minimum duration between subsequent switchings is minutes for the daily dial (x) and hours for the weekly dial (:). Manual override During normal operation, the output contact of the timer is operated according to the settings of the dialswitches. However, at all time it is possible to manually override this operation for each channel individually. he different overrides are as follows (see also photo ): : always forces the output of that channel to the onstatus, : always forces the output of that channel to the offstatus. photo Running reserve he time during which a timer can continue to run without being externally supplied with power is called the running reserve. he, and module devices have a running reserve of hours, while due to the limited space available, this is hours for the module electromechanical timer. Programming photo As is illustrated in photo, the programming of the Classic timers is very easy: moving the dialswitches outwards O, switches the outputcontact to the onposition when this switch passes the contact O, moving them inwards switches the output contact to the offposition. In case dials with plastic switches are to be used his range covers and channel devices, with daily or/and weekly program, with or without running reserve. he voltagefree changeover output contact is capable of switching a resistive load of A/V and an inductive load of A/V. he shortest switchon time for the daily version is minutes and for the weekly version is hours. he running reserve is hours. he program is set by means of unlosable plastic switches on a dial. Manual override is possible at all time by means of a clockswitch on the front of the device (for the module device at least a clock switch should be available). he electromechanical timers can be sealed in order to avoid accidental or deliberate alteration of time, date and program. All terminals have the safetyfeature and have captive Pozidriv screws. he devices are DINrail mountable. he electromechanical timers all have a circuit indicator window, in order to easily identify their function (i.e. heating, lighting, etc.). O O.

123 Galax photo Digital timers Introduction he Galax family of digital timers is used to switch loads on and off, according to a preprogrammed switchplan, as a function of time. his range of microprocessor based timers goes from a simple channel, quartz synchronised, daily programmable device with programming steps, mainly used for domestic purposes, up to a channel DCF77 synchronised yearly timer with programming steps for highfeaturedemanding industry. As will be shown below, the very easy and straightforward programming is the same for the whole range. For the highend devices (yearly programmable), a Windows 9 (and up) compatible software exists as a further extension for easy programming, downloading to and uploading from the timer. Operation he A output relay contacts are switched according to the user preprogrammed sequence. he actual status of an output is clearly visualised at all time on the LCD (see below). Besides the automatic switching, the output(s) can be manually forced to the ON or OFFstate at any time. Features and benefits O O O O7 O 8 O9 Besides the selfexplaining operating and programming keys O, all devices have a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) O, displaying in a clear and straightforward way all parameters such as: Actual time (hh:mm) O Date where applicable O Day of the week where applicable ( 7; =monday) O Channel, and operation O (for detailed explanation see the chapter concerning the programming below) Status on or off Operated by program Manual operation Fix on or off photo O O8 O O O O7 O Electromechanical timers Photos to are showing the front of the / (GLX Q ), / (GLX Q ) and / (GLX Q ) module/channel Galax timers respectively. photo O O O O O9 O8 O7 O9 O O O As always, the function of the timer or the circuit that it operates can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O7 i.e. hall, living, garage,. By means of the plastic cover, the timer can be sealed so the program and the actual time and date cannot be altered O8. he clearly marked Pozidriv safety terminals O9 are all captive. able summarises all features for the different devices in the range..

124 Redline Galax specifications (table ) Comfort Functions Program per channel Number of modules Number of channels Number of programming steps Block programming Manual override per channel SummerWinter time change Cycle / Impulse function Random function Clear function Reset function Calendar / Holiday function DCF77 PCprogrammable Running reserve ypename definition he typename of a Galax timer is a unique designation that includes the main features of the timer. It is composed of parts: GLX: abbreviation for Galax Q: quartz synchronised,,, or of which the first figure represents the width of the device in number of modules, while the second figure represents the number of channels D, W or Y, indicating daily, weekly or yearly operation A figure representing the number of programming steps, going from up to. erminology Daily GLX Q D XX no yes yes no no yes yes no no no yr GLX Q W 7XX yes yes yes no yes no yes no/yes no no h GLX Q W 7XX yes yes yes no no yes yes no no no yr Program per channel Examples xx is a daily timer (x); minimum duration between subsequent switchings (=shortest switching time) is minute (x). 7xx is a weekly timer (7x); minimum duration between subsequent switchings is minute (x). xx is a yearly timer (x); minimum duration between subsequent switchings is second (x). Number of programming steps his figure represents the total number of events that can be programmed in the device. An event is understood to be a change in the outputstate. Example: If for one particular day, output of a GLX Q W has to switch to the onstate at 8:, output at : and both have to be deenergised again at :, three programming steps need to be used. After this sequence has been programmed, the timer has 7 free programming steps left. Blockprogramming Blockprogramming allows to repeat the same events on different days, without sacrificing additional programming steps. GLX Q W 7XX yes yes yes no no yes yes no no no yr Weekly GLX Q W 7XX yes yes yes yes no yes yes no no no yr GLX Q W 7XX yes yes yes yes no yes yes no no no yr GLX Q W 7XX yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yr GLX Q W 7XX yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yr GLX Q Y XX yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yr Yearly GLX Q Y XX yes yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yr Coming back to the above example, if all events have to take place all days of the week except i.e. on uesday and Sunday, a normal timer would need x= programming steps. By using the blockprogramming feature of the Galax timers, (=setting the appropriate days on or off for each individual event), indeed those events will be repeated on all appropriate days while the free number of programming steps remains the same as if those events were programmed only for one day. his again results in 7 free programming steps for the Galax timer compared to for a timer without the blockprogramming feature. Manual override During normal operation, the output relay(s) of the timer is (are) operated according to the preprogrammed sequence. However, at all time it is possible to manually override this operation for each channel individually. he different overrides are as follows: ON: forces the outputrelay of that channel to its onstate until the next programmed off instruction for that same channel comes along. At this time, the timer automatically goes to normal operation again. FIX ON: always forces the output of that channel to the onstate, independently of any subsequent programmed offinstruction. FIX OFF: always forces the output of that channel to the offstate. Summerwinter time change he summerwinter time change can be done in different ways: Automatic (AU): he summerwinter time switchover takes place on predefined dates according to the summer time regulation of the European Union. hese dates, up to the year 9, are permanently stored in the timer and cannot be altered. Calculated (cha): he user can select the week of the year and the day of the week on which the summerwinter time switchover has to take place (for this and all forthcoming years). No switchover (no)..

125 Cycle/Impulse function Generating a impulsetrain with short pulses and a short pauses with a standard timer would consume a huge part of the timer s free programming space. For example: changing the output of a timer once per second during minutes, would require programming steps. On top of that, the shortest switching time must not be longer than second. For this kind of application, except for the most simple ones, all timers have a build in Cycle / Impulse function. With this function, the duration of the impulse (output relay switched to the onposition) and the total period or cycle (duration of the impulse and pause together) can be defined. his sequence is repeated as long as the channel for which this has been programmed is active (see fig.). fig. CHANNEL x ACIVE PULSE/CYCLE DEFINIION IMPULSE CYCLE Calendar/Holiday function he yearly programmable timers have the possibility to repeat a switching program during a certain period. i.e. programmed heating and lighting of a workshop: Lighting from 7: till :, all year around except for the summer (July till August ) and Christmasholidays (i.e. December till January ), for the official holidays and also except for the weekends; Heating from 7: till :, only during the heatingseason (i.e. from October till April ), and obviously not during the Christmasholidays (i.e. December till January ), the weekends and the official holidays. DCF77 When the accuracy of a timer is not high enough, the Frankfurter atomclock can be used to synchronise the timer in order to virtually reduce the timeerror to. his atomclock transmits the socalled DCF77 radio signal (= message that includes all time and date related info). By connecting the appropriate antenna to the timer (see fig.), the signal is received and automatically the timer is synchronised at all time. Digital timers OUPU SIGNAL fig. In this way, instead of programming steps for the above application, only are required: one that activates the channel with this function, and one that deactivates it. Remark he impulse function can be used on its own as well, thus without using it in a cycle. In this case only one programming step is used for events: switching the respective output to the onstate and switching it back to the offstate after the duration of the impulse has elapsed. Random function When activated, this function switches the output in a random way. Often this feature is used to simulate someone being present in a house, while actually no one is (i.e. during holidays). Clear function his function allows the programmer to delete one program step without having to reprogram all subsequent steps. Subsequently pushing this button removes all programmed switching events from the memory. Reset function he actual time can be reset to : by simply pushing the reset button on the front of every timer. Resetting a Galax timer does not delete the programmed switching times. Running reserve he time during which a timer can continue to run without being externally supplied with power is called the running reserve. Except for the GLX Q W, all Galax timers have a builtin lithium battery guaranteeing a running reserve of or years from factory..7

126 Redline Comfort Functions Programming Programming ools Besides programming the GLX Q digital timers manually, it is also possible use the Galax Programming ool. his tool consists of a Windows9 (and up) compatible software with very easy to use and straightforward GUI a handheld programming device an RS serial cable to interconnect the programming device with the PC. A normal programming sequence is as follows: he user installs the timer switchplan on the PC; In a next step, this program is downloaded in the programming device through the serial cable. he programming device can store up to different programs; Next, the programming device can be disconnected from the PC; Finally, one of the programs stored in the programming device is downloaded on to the GLX Q timer. Photo shows a complete setup of the programming environment. photo HANDHELD PROGRAMMING DEVICE SERIAL RS CABLE IR RANSMISSION his very practical solution offers several advantages: Only one programming toolkit is required to program all GLX Q devices. An unlimited number of timerswitchplans can be stored on the PC. Small changes from one application to another don t require introducing manually the complete switchplan over and over again. Instead, just open an existing switchplan stored on the PC, make the modifications save it under another name, and download it. Because the IRcommunication between the timer and the programming device is bidirectional, also uploading of a switchplan that resides in a timer is possible, as is viewing this switchplan on the PC again. he programming can be done in a quite office environment compared to the rather noisy "field". No long programming times on site. Less errors, less time spent, less cost. By removing the HMI from the timer (see also photo ), the timerbase can already be installed on site, while the programming and testing is still going on. ext for specifiers Digital timers from the same family all have the same programming philosophy. Digital timers are all microprocessor based and clocked by a quartz crystal to assure a solid timebase. he maximum allowable overtimeerror of the digital timers is maximum.sec/day at C. he family of digital timers incorporates devices that can be synchronised by the DCF77 signal. In this case the error equals to sec/day. he DCF77compatible timers have a built in amplifier. No intermediate components between the timer and the antenna are required., and channel digital timers available in the same family. he output of each channel is a voltage free changeover relaycontact. module devices have a running reserve of at least h while the and module devices have a running reserve of at least and years respectively. he shortest switching time is maximum minute ( second for timers with impulse function). he programming accuracy is minute or better. Depending on the type, devices with,,,, and programming steps are available. he range of digital timers must include devices with the blockprogramming feature. Manual override to ON, FIX ON and FIX OFF is possible at all time and per individual channel. he digital timer can switch from summer to winter time in an automatic way, according to the European Unions statutory summer time regulation (preprogrammed and not alterable), or in a calculated way, always in the same week and on the same day of that week. All digital timers can be sealed in order to avoid accidental or deliberate alteration of time, date and program. A clear highcontrast LCD provides the user with all necessary information such as actual time, day of the week and date if applicable, output status per channel, summer/winter, manual override, etc. he digital timers all have a circuit indicator window, in order to easily identify their function. he yearly timers can be programmed by means of Windows 9 (or up) compatible software. Downand uploading is accomplished by the intermediate use of a handheld IR programming tool. All terminals have the safety feature and have captive Pozidriv screws..8

127 Galax LSS fig. Light sensitive switches Function and range Channel LUX Channel LUX A light sensitive or twilight switch is an electronic switch that switches its outputcontact based on the intensity of the ambient light, measured by a photocell. For DINrail mounting, a channel, channel and channel with integrated digital timer are available. hey all have a separate photocell delivered with them. For wall mounting, an allinone device, integrating the photocell, the amplifier and the switch (relay) itself, is offered. Operation As long as the light intensity is above the switchon threshold value, the output relay remains deenergised and the output contact is open (see O in fig.). Once the light intensity drops below the switchon threshold value O and stays below this threshold value during time td, after td, the output relay is energised, and the output contact switches over (see O in fig.). When the intensity of the light rises above the switchoff threshold again, O again after a delay td the output relay is again deenergised (see O in fig.). fig. Lux hysteresis load time OA Light intensity > Lux Both channel and are in their deenergised position; K doesn t pull and the lamps don t lightup. OB Lux > Light intensity > Lux Channel switches over while channel stays deenergised. he lamps still don t litup. OC Lux > Light intensity Now also channel switches over, energising K, lighting up the lamps. OD Lux < Light intensity < Lux Channel is deenergised again, but K stays energised through channel of the light sensitive switch. OE Light intensity > Lux Channel is deenergised again, K is no longer energised and the lamps are no longer litup. Light sensitive switch in combination with a staircase switch Figure shows the correct way of using a light sensitive switch together with a staircase switch. his application is typically useful when throughout the day normal daylight enters the staircase and artificial light is not required. Preferably the output contact of the light sensitive switch is in series with the coil and not with the load of the staircase switch for following reasons: fig. Digital timers In order to avoid unstable behaviour, a hysteresis exists between the switchon and switchoff threshold. Also a user presettable time delay t d (..sec), both at switchon as well as at switchoff, further reduces the chance of unstable behaviour. Applications User adjustable hysteresis In case the builtin hysteresis does not respond to the users requirements, by using a channel light sensitive switch, the on and offthreshold can be set completely independent of each other (see fig.). manual override at the level of the staircase is still possible, in case the operating pushbuttons have indicating lamps, one can easily see if the staircase lights can be operated or not..9

128 Redline Multilevel/multichannel light sensitive operation with photocell Based on the external light intensity, the light intensity of a (large) room can be adjusted in order to keep the overall light intensity in the room unchanged (see fig. and table ). behind the circuit indicator O i.e. garden lights, blinds, etc. he clearly marked Pozidriv safety terminals O are all captive. Both the channel as well as the channel twilight switch with integrated digital timer can be sealed O. Comfort Functions Remark When using only photocell with several (max ) channel light sensitive switches, only on light sensitive switch terminal needs to be connected to terminal while on all others, terminal is to be left open (see also fig. and table ). fig. photo O O O O O O O O O O From the programming point of view, the channel twilight switch with integrated digital timer has exactly the same features and possibilities as the GLX Q W digital timer (see page.), except for the number of programming steps which is instead of. Figure shows the correct mounting of the photocell. he photocell has an IP degree of protection. able Lux Inner rows Window row fig. > 7 < < < < Group on on on on Group Group all lights on at all time off off on off on on on on Group off off off on Features and benefits DINrail mountable devices Photo shows the front views of the and channel and channel with integrated digital timer together with the photocell. An LED O indicates the status of each output contact (LED on: output relay energised, LED off: output relay deenergised). By means of a potentiometer O, the user can select in a continuous way the light intensity that he wants the twilight switch to switch. his threshold can be set between and lux. he hysteresis between the switchon and switchoff threshold is fixed at % of the switchon level. his means that the switchoff light intensity is at % of the switchon light intensity. In order to reduce instability and also to avoid nuisance switching, the user can also preset an onand offnoresponse delay, also by means of a potentiometer O. As always, the function of the twilight switch or the circuit that is operated by it can be indicated Wall mountable device his allinone device is shown in photo. his complete device, including photocell, amplifier and output contact, has an IP degree of protection. photo.

129 Setting up a twilight switch for correct operation.connect the light sensitive sensor or photocell to the appropriate terminals. In case only one sensor is used in combination with several channel light sensitive switches, make sure to connect terminal only once..connect the load in series with the output contact (i.e. for the onechannel with integrated digital timer, connect terminal with the live, terminal with one side of the load and the other side of the load with the neutral).. Put on the power supply (V on terminals and )..Put the noresponse on and offdelay to sec..urn the knob for the setting of the lightintensity at switching completely to the left (minimum)..wait for the intensity of the ambient light to reach the level at which you want the device to switch. 7.Now slowly turn the intensity knob to the maximum, and stop immediately after you see the LED lighting up (the outputcontact has switched over simultaneously). 8.Set the on and offnoresponse delay to the desired value. 9.At this time, the light sensitive switch is set up correctly. Remarks.If the LED is still off and you are at full scale, then the intensity of the ambient light is over Lux at that time. A filter should be applied to the photocell and the procedure should be carried out again..if while selecting the threshold, the noresponse delay is other than, please bear in mind that the outputrelay won t switch immediately..don't put the lightsensor near the light that will be energised since this of course will lead to unstable on and offswitching of the light. ext for specifiers he (programmable) twilight switch is a noisefree electronic device and has a voltagefree changeover output contact. he output status is shown through a LED on the front of the device. he onechannel twilight switch has a width of module, while the channel and the channel with integrated digital timer has a width of modules. he device is suitable for operating sunblinds and shutters. At cos =, the output contact is capable of switching A while at cos =., a load of.a can be switched. Switching of a higher load requires the intermediate use of a contactor. he offthreshold level is at least % higher than the onthreshold level. he noresponse delay is userpresetable between and sec. One photocell operates one channel twilight switch or up to ten () channel twilight switches. Besides the modular and DINrail mountable devices, an allinone wallmountable device is available. he protection degree of the twilight switch is IP, while the photocell is IP. For the allinone wallmountable device, the degree of protection is IP. he maximum cable length between the photocell and the light sensitive switch is m (.mm ). For the DINrail mountable devices, the safetyterminals are all captive and have Pozidriv screws as a standard. heir capacity covers the range from x.mm to xmm or x.mm. All DINrailmountable devices are equipped with a transparent circuit indicator. Additional specifications for programmable twilight switches: he twilight switch has a builtin digital time switch with weekprogram with at least programming steps. Block programming is possible. Switching accuracy is minute, which is also the shortest switching time. he running reserve is at least years from factory. Summerwinter change occurs manually or fixed automatically. Manual override (fixon, fixoff) is possible at all time. Light sensitive switches.

130 Redline Comfort Functions Series ransformers Function and range ransformers are mainly used for reasons: o galvanically separate one circuit from the other and / or o step down the energy supplier network voltage in order to supply low voltage circuits. wo main different subfamilies exist in the complete Series range of transformers: Bell transformers and Safety transformers. For the range of the bell transformers, devices with,, and VA output power are available, some with and some others without shortcircuit protection, some with one combined secondary winding of multiple voltages /V, others with two separate secondary windings for 8/V. Bell transformer Completely the same explanation as for the safety transformers can be given here except for the ratio between the output voltage at noload and at rated output, which is limited to % in the case of the Series bell transformers. Shortcircuit proof ransformers can be shortcircuit proof by construction or by integrating a PC in the primary of the transformer. Shortcircuit protection by construction is achieved through the geometry of and material used in the transformer. In this case, the transformer saturates when trying to pull more secondary current than allowed. However this causes the transformer to excessively heat up. A better way of protecting a transformer against overloads or even against destructive secondary shortcircuits, is to include a PCresistance in the primary of the transformer (see fig.). fig. his range also includes an 8VA/8V bell transformer with integrated onoff switch. For the range of the safety transformers, the outputpower covers the range of up to VA, all have two separate secondary windings for voltages (/V) and all are shortcircuit proof. All bell as well as safety transformers have double isolation. erminology For more detailed information, please refer to the standard IEC 8 (issued in 997) which served as base for the definition of the below terminology. Safety transformer All Series transformers have an output power below or equal to VA. According to the above mentioned standard, the ratio between the output voltage at noload and at rated output can be as high as %, at rated frequency and rated ambient temperature. his means that with a nominal output voltage of V (at nominal load), the output voltage at no load is allowed to be as high as V. However, for all Series safety transformers, this ratio is limited to %. In this way, an excessive high secondary current will ask for an excessive high primary current. his high primary current will heat up the PC, which in its turn will increase its resistance, limiting herewith the primary current. All safety transformers and some bell transformers are protected against secondary shorts by means of a PC in the primary winding of the transformer. Double isolation Double isolated transformers have two different isolations between their primary and secondary windings: the first being the wireisolation, the second being the isolation formed by the resincast that is completely encapsulating the transformer. Both the symbol used to indicate double isolation as well as the schematic representation of a double isolated transformer are given in figure. fig. Also, the real output voltage of the highest voltage output at rated output power, at rated supply voltage, at rated frequency and below or equal to the rated ambient temperature, is guaranteed not to differ more than % from the rated output voltage (above or below)..

131 One combined vs. two separate secondary windings or voltages In a transformer with one combined secondary winding for voltages, obviously the cross section of the wire is the same for the whole secondary winding. he different output voltages are derived by connecting at different places of the one secondary winding (see fig.). fig. As a consequence, the output power is different for the different output voltages. Let s assume the power of the transformer in figure being VA and two secondary voltages being and 8V. Obviously, the maximum output power that the transformer can deliver is directly depending on the maximum current that may flow through the secondary winding, the latter one being limited by the cross section of the wire. Features and benefits In figure, the front views of the and module Series transformers are shown. As always, the main characteristics of the device are printed in the upper part O. hese are: Output power Nominal rated primary voltage Secondary voltages Wiring diagram digit ordering code. From the point of view of output power, a complete range is available:,,,,, and VA, as bell transformer for an output power up to VA and as safety transformer from VA and up. he range also includes a bell transformer with integrated onoff switch, a buzzer with integrated transformer, modular bells and modular buzzers on V as well as on V. All Series transformers are shortcircuit proof, the, and by construction, all the others by means of a PC fig. ransformers In this example here, the cross section of the wire used in the secondary winding is such that a current, maximum equal to.a, may flow at all time, generating an outputpower of x. = VA. For the 8V output, as the crosssection of the wire is the same as for the V output, so is the maximum current! his means that in this case, the maximum output power is reduced to 8 x. = VA. In a transformer with separate secondary windings, there exists one winding per output voltage (see fig.). O O O fig. O O his allows different crosssections for both secondary winding wires, making it possible to have the nominal output power at all the different output voltages. Except for the, and, all Series safety and bell transformers have their nominal power present at all output voltages. All Series transformers have double isolation and except for the, and, all have the rated output power at each output voltage. As always, the function of the transformer or the circuit that it supplies with power can be indicated behind the circuit indicator O i.e. bell front door, power supply contactors,. he clearly marked Pozidriv terminals O are all captive..

132 Redline General remarks ext for specifiers Comfort Functions DO NO put secondary windings of transformers in parallel in order to increase the output power, as the slightest difference in output voltage will result in a huge current circulating in both secondary windings (see fig.). fig. All transformers have the CEBEC IMQ VDE approval marks. All transformers have their nominal output power available on all different output voltages. All transformers are protected against shortcircuits. A direct shortcircuit on the secondary winding will not result in a permanent damage due to excessive heating. All transformers have double isolation with an isolation voltage between the primary and the secondary winding of at least.7 kv. he transformers are cast resin. he captive Pozidriv cage terminals have a capacity of to mm. he terminals guarantee a solid, reliable connection. he protection degree of the transformer is IP. All transformers are modular and DINrail mountable. he transformers are all equipped with a transparent circuit indicator. When supplying contactors or impulse switches at low voltage, and especially when several devices can be operated simultaneously (i.e. impulse switches with centralised command), care should be taken to correctly size the stepdown transformer..

133 Series M Measurement Instruments Function and range he range of ACmeasurementinstruments consists of main families: analogue and digital. he analogue family includes: voltmeters Ammeters frequency meters hour counters he digital range consists of: voltmeters Ammeters frequency meters kwh meters energy meters net analysers On top of this, several accessories complete the range: a complete range of current transformers, a complete range of corresponding scaleplates, selector switches for switching a single phase measurement instrument between the different phases of a phase energy distribution system, a very user friendly Windows9 (and up) software for use with the netanalyser an RSRS8/ signal converter for interfacing between a PC and the netanalyser. erminology Class he accuracy or class of a measurement instrument is the maximum error between the displayed value and the real value. For an analogue measurement instrument, the class is equal to a percentage of the full scale. On a voltmeter with V full scale, a class of. means a maximum error on the reading of.v, no matter what the actual reading is. his means that if a voltage of 8V is measured, the real value can be anything in between. and.v, whereas if the reading would be V, the actual value would be between. and.v. On a digital measurement instrument, on top of the measurementerror, there is also a rounding error since the display does not have an unlimited number of digits. In this case, if the full scale is V and the display has digits, a device with a class of.% ± digit can have an error in the reading of maximum ± V, again as above, independent of the actual reading. ruerms versus Average ACmetering Independently of the electrical signal waveform, a truerms meter (true rootmeansquare meter) measures the correct electrical value (except for the classerror of course; see above). his means that a truermsammeter would measure exactly the same current as would be measured by a DC Ammeter, metering a current flowing through the same resistance, provoked by a DCvoltage equal to the RMSvalue of the voltage waveform. Figure shows different waveforms with their respective RMSvalues. An averagemetering instrument on the other hand, measures the magnitude of the electrical signal and multiplies it with a factor. As this multiplier is only correct for one specific waveform (see figure ), the measurement is incorrect, when measuring with this device an electrical signal with a waveform other than the one for which it was meant to be. All Series M analogue measurement instruments are truerms, all simple digital measurement instruments (V, A and W) are averagemetering instruments and all highend digital measurement instruments (kwh and net analysers) again are truerms measurement devices. ransformers fig..

134 Redline Voltmeter fig. Connection diagram Ammeter Similar to the previous figures, figures to 7 show the connection diagrams for the Ammeters. fig. Comfort Functions In the case of a digital voltmeter, besides the connection of the circuit of which the voltage needs to be measured, an independent auxiliary power supply needs to be connected as is shown in figure. he fact that the measuring circuit is different from the supply circuit makes this voltmeter extremely versatile, as it can be used to measure all voltages within its scale. his also minimises the measuring error due to the loadinfluence of the voltmeter itself. fig. fig. When using one singlephase voltmeter in a phase system, the different linetoline or linetoneutral voltages can be measured by using the voltage selector switch (fig.). fig.7 fig..

135 he scaleplates of the analogue Ammeters can be easily interchanged as is illustrated in photo. fig. photo Using a digital Ammeter in combination with a current transformer, requires the correct setup of the Ammeter. he multiplying factor is set by means of dipswitches as is shown in figure 8. fig.8 Wattmeter he single and threephase Wattmeters are connected as shown in figures and. Measurement instruments fig. Frequency meter and hour counter Figures 9, and show the connection of the frequency meters and of the hour counters. Note that in the case of the digital frequency meter, the internal electronics are supplied externally through a separate auxiliary supply. fig.9 fig. fig..7

136 Redline Energy (kwh) meter fig. Comfort Functions Figures to 8 show the different ways of connecting the single and threephase energy meters. he impulse output can be used to monitor the amount of consumed energy from distance (i.e. connection with counterinputcard of PLC). Like the digital Ammeters, correct setup of the current inputs is accomplished by means of dipswitches located at the fronttop of the device (fig.9 next page). he impulse output also needs to be correctly setup. Figure (next page) shows the setting of the dipswitches for the use of different current transformers and for different impulse output setups. fig. fig.7 fig. fig.8.8

137 fig.9 Measurement instruments fig..9

138 Redline Comfort Functions Net analysers (Multi Meters) he series M DN and M DN are electronic instruments especially developed for measuring and controlling several electrical parameters such as voltage, current, power, energy, harmonic distortion in a single or three phase network. All the measured values can be viewed in real time on the analyser display or transmitted to a remote display (PC/PLC) through a serial interface RS 8 (except the harmonic waves). Electrical parameters Current Active power Reactive power Frequency Apparent power Power factor otal active power otal reactive power otal apparent power otal power factor Harmonic distorsion (numerical and graphic) otal harmonic distorsion Voltage crest factor Current crest factor otals integrated on time of SQPPfF Measured values III (A) PPP (W) QQQ (VAR) Fr (Hz) Computed values SSS (VA) PfPfPf (cos ) Pt (W) Qt (VAR) St (VA) Pft (cos ) xv and xi (h h%) xvthd and xithd (%) xvcrs xicrs he above measured values change automatically when the voltage and current ratios change Operation Display and programming of the various parameters is done by keys: UP (next) DOWN (previous) ENER (confirmation on parameter alteration). Press ENER to light up the display. With the display illuminated, the first page shows voltage, current, active power and power factor for all phases. L L L xv xa xw xpf By pressing UP, the second page displays the apparent, reactive and active power and cos for all phases. L L L xva xvar xw xpf echnical features Analyser version Display Voltage input Secondary current Measure method Elaboration time Class Serial communication Protocol Memory Address no. Power supply Consumption Dimensions V:7 LCD back illuminated high performance lines x columns alphanumerical characters FF semigraphic V V V A RMS (A rms on request) 8 scannings/period (for the currents and voltages) ms.% for voltage and current.% for frequency % other parameters RS 8 ( wires op to insulated), 9 baud MODBUS (other on request) EEPROM kb... V + %/% (other on request) < VA 8 modules By pressing UP again, the third page shows the total values of the power, frequency and the cos. t is the time integration ( min.) of the values of IPM and IPL shown on the fifth subpage (see below). totals: (t min.) VA VAR Fr Hz W Pft ind (cap) By pressing UP once more, the fourth page shows the total values (import or export) of the active and reactive energy. he arrows inform about the actual function of the analyser. +kwh ()>. +kvarh ()>. kwh ()>. kvarh ()>. By pressing ENER, the first subpage shows the values of the active/reactive energy of the st tariff meter. +kwh (). +kvarh (). kwh (). kvarh (). By pressing ENER, the second subpage shows the values of the active/reactive energy of the nd tariff meter. +kwh (). +kvarh (). kwh (). kvarh ()..

139 By pressing ENER, the third subpage shows the values of the active/reactive energy of the rd tariff meter. +kwh (). +kvarh (). kwh (). kvarh (). By pressing ENER, the fourth subpage shows the values of the active/reactive energy of the th tariff meter. +kwh (). +kvarh (). kwh (). kvarh (). By pressing ENER, the fifth subpage shows the actual peak values (IPM) and previous (IPL), integrated in min., of the active/reactive energy Configuration By pressing the up and downkeys simultaneously for more than two seconds, the configuration menu is entered. CONFIG V.7 Meter System Inputs Outputs Password > exit As long as the password is not entered, none of the submenus can be accessed and consequently none of the parameters can be altered. With the cursor (arrow) on password press the up and downkeys simultaneously. On the display, password... appears. Now press in sequence up, up, down, up. You will see now New password on the display. Now it is possible to move the cursor i.e. to meter he cursor (arrow) can be moved by pressing enter. Net analysers +kwh IPM. +kvarh IPM. +kwh IPL. +kvar IPL. By pressing ENER, the sixth subpage shows the registered values on two digital inputs, if connected. cnt.. cnt.. By pressing UP, the fifth page shows the total harmonic distortions and the crest values of voltage and current, of the three phases. L L L xvthd% xvcrs xithd% xicrs By pressing UP, the sixth page shows in a numeric and graphic way, the distortion until the fifteenth harmonic wave. V % h % By subsequently pressing ENER, the relative importance (influence) of the different harmonics is displayed (h, h,... h). By pressing ENER for more than seconds, you can select the electrical quantity (V, V, V, I,...) which you want the harmonic distortion to be displayed. By moving the cursor in front of Meter and by pushing the UP key, the meter submenu appears as shown below: volt range volt in mult curr. range V x A > exit As before, by pressing ENER, you can change the position of the cursor. >volt range: by pressing UP or DOWN, the input voltage is set (V, V or V are the ranges; if you have V input, choose V) >volt in mult: by pressing UP or DOWN, the multiplication factor is set (from x to x) >curr. range: by pressing UP or DOWN, the primary current of the transformer is set, from A to A (in steps of A) >exit: by pressing UP or DOWN, you return to the CONFIG menu By choosing System and pressing UP, the following screen appears: baud rate net addr. rst energy (rst IPmax) rst counts >exit >baud rate by pressing UP or DOWN, you can change the reading speed (bit/sec) between,, 8 and 9 baud >net addr by pressing UP or DOWN, you can choose the address, from to >rst energy by pressing UP or DOWN, you can cancel the memorised energy values. By pressing ENER, you see >rst IPmax and pressing UP or DOWN, you reset the actual values >rst counts by pressing UP or DOWN, you reset the totals on the digital inputs >exit by pressing UP or DOWN, you come back to the CONFIG menu Again, to change the existing values, it is necessary to enter the password as explained before..

140 Redline By choosing Inputs and pressing UP, the following screen appears: Again, to change the existing values, it is necessary to enter the password as explained above. Comfort Functions >inp. >inp. >ener IP inp. inp. ener IP tarifs: () /imp /imp min >exit by pressing UP or DOWN, you change the weight of the impulses on the digital input n by pressing UP or DOWN, you change the weight of the impulses on the digital input n by pressing DOWN, you can modify the integration time of the totals by pressing UP, you see the synchronisation screen of the input n inp. ener sync inp. /imp ener IP inp tariffs: () >exit As before, by pressing UP again you see the synchronisation screen of the input n Remark Choosing Password you can change the values into the various screens, as explained before, by pressing in sequence: UPUPDOWNUP You can also enter a secret, personalised password that must have a different sequence with respect to the password already mentioned above. o enter a personalised password, go to the CONFIG menu, move the arrow to >Password; press UP or DOWN until you see >Password:...; press in sequence UPUPDOWNUP until you see >New password:...; enter the new sequence, (different from the previous); the word repeat... appears, now repeat the new sequence and the new password is memorised. o exit from the CONFIG menu, move the arrow to the >exit, then press UP. Connection diagrams inp. /imp inp. ener sync ener IP inp tariffs: () >exit fig. phase net analyser As before, by pressing UP again, you can use the input n (available when only tarifs are choosed) inp. /imp inp. /imp ener IP inp tariffs: () >exit >tariffs by pressing UP or DOWN, you change the tariff n or (on the screen with ener IP min. only) >exit pressing UP or DOWN, you come back to the CONFIG menu Again, to change the existing values, it is necessary to enter the password as explained above. By choosing Outputs and pressing UP, the following screen appears: out out al: al: t: t: >exit fig. phase net analyser >out /out by pressing UP or DOWN, you choose the alarm type (< min or > max) >al by pressing UP or DOWN, you choose the parameters for which you want the alarm option (always ONalways OFFPft HzVxVVVIxIIIQtPtpl kvarhpl kwh) > by pressing UP or DOWN, you change the numerical value of the alarm >t by pressing UP or DOWN, you change the alarm delays ( sec) >exit by pressing UP or DOWN, you come back to the CONFIG menu.

141 ypical setups for serial communication fig. Net analysers fig. fig..

142 Redline SurgeGuard Background Comfort Functions Surge arresters Introduction In order to protect any type of electric or electronic equipment such as V s, PLC s, computers, or even entire electrical installations against destructive overvoltage surges, the installer will nowadays use Surge Arresters or Surge Protection Devices (SPD s.) Besides the trivial benefit of protecting the installation and the equipment against destructive overvoltage surges, the benefits indicated below are less obvious but most certainly more important: Avoid downtime; this secondary effect on a business may be much greater than just the cost of the PCB which was destroyed by the surge; Avoid equipment lifetime reduction by avoiding degradation of internal components due to long term exposure to low level transients; Avoid disruption or malfunction; although no physical damage is apparent, surges often upset the logic of microprocessorbased systems causing unexplained data loss, data and software corruption, system crashes and lockups. When comparing the cost of installing SPD s with the downtime cost and the cost of repairing an electrical installation and to replace all hookedup equipment after a serious surge has "visited", there is no further justification needed and the need to install SPD s, even in the smallest installation, becomes obvious. Disturbances able summarises the different disturbances causing different problems while propagating in an electrical energydistribution system. Besides devices used to suppress overvoltage transients, typically characterised by a very big magnitude ( s of volts) and very short duration (microseconds), devices for noise filtration (low voltage, low energy, random) are also offered. Origin of Surges he most commonly known "field"surge generators are listed below: Electronic dimmers based on the phasecut principle Motors and transformers. At startup, they are a real shortcircuit, generating a very high inrushcurrent Welding machines Lightning strikes, both direct or indirect (inductively coupled) Powergridswitching by the energysupplier. Voltagegeneration mechanism As all surge originators are currents, the mechanism that translates this current into a voltage is: U = L x (di/dt) in which: U = generated voltage, L = inductance of the conductor in which the current is flowing, di = the change in current, dt = the time in which the currentchange di took place. As the change in current is very high, while the duration is very short, even with a low conductor inductance, the result of L x (di/dt) can become astronomical. Disturbances in an electrical energy distribution system (table ) Problem Description Duration Cause Effect emporary interruption/longterm outage A planned or accidental loss of power in a localized area of community emporary: less than minute Longterm: more than minute Equipment failure, weather, animals, human error (auto, accidents, etc) Systems shut down Sag/swell A decrease (sag) or increase (swell) in voltage From milliseconds to a few seconds Major equipment startup or shutdown, shortcircuits (faults), undersized electrical circuits Memory loss, data errors, dim or bright lights, shrinking display screens, equipment shutdown ransient A sudden change in voltage up to several thousand volts (also called an impulse, spike or surge) Microseconds Utility switching operations, starting and stopping of heavy equipment or office machinery, elevators, welding equipment, static discharges, lightning and storms Processing errors, data loss, burried circuit boards or other equipment damage Noise An unwanted electrical signal of high frequency from other equipment Sporadic Interference from appliances, microwave and radar transmissions, radio and tv broadcasts, arc welding, heaters, laser printers, loose wiring and improper grounding Noise disturbs sensitive electronic equipment, but is usually not destructive (can cause processing errors and data loss) Harmonic distorsion A distortion in the voltage due to the power supplies in some equipment Sporadic Power supplies in computers, adjustable speed drives, and fluorescent lighting Overheating of motors, transformers, and wiring.

143 Overvoltages and dito protection All electrical and electronic devices on the market are normally designed according to the applicable standards. According to these standards (the normal operating voltage and the applicable creepage distances) the equipment and the installation must be able to withstand against a certain voltage, without being destroyed. In general, this voltage is called the breakdown voltage and is equal to several times the normal operating voltage. If the device is hit with a voltage above this breakdown voltage, no guarantee is given for the normal operation of the device and no guarantee is given that afterwards the device will still work properly. In the majority of cases where a device or installation is hit with a socalled overvoltage, the device or installation is completely ruined and becomes extremely dangerous towards the environment. o avoid these severe surges from travelling through the installation, and destroying all connected devices, SurgeGuard SPD s should be installed. he voltage at which an SPD clamps to is known as the protection voltage Up (see below) and should always be lower than the breakdown voltage of the device or installation that is to be protected. able summarizes the main categories of equipment with their respective protection levels. erminology Before going into more detail in technology matters, this chapter clarifies most of the SPDrelated terminology. IMAX Is the maximum current the SPD can carry (deviate to ground). According to the standard, an SPD should be able to carry this current at least once. Class he Class of the SPD defines the amount of energy the device is able to deviate towards the protective ground. As surges are impulses, and since the amount of energy is proportional to the surface below the curve (see fig.), the class can also be defined by giving the risetime, the time to fall back to % and the magnitude (IMAX) of the impulse (see also fig.). Surge arresters Protection levels (table ) fig. UP=.kV UP=.8kV UP=kV max Energy CLASS Energy CLASS Electrical control devices (i.e. wiring devices), motors, transformers Appliances (dishwasher, laundry machine, freezer, refrigerator, hot, ) PLC s, CNCcontrollers, personal computer, computer network, fax, modem, hifi, VCR, V, alarm system, medical scanning and monitoring equipment,... max t(usec) Solutions emporary Uninterruptible or standby power supply (for outages of about minutes) Motor generator set (for outages of very short duration only) Long term Standby generator Computer or equipment relocated to a different electrical circuit Voltage regulator Power line conditioner Uninterruptible power supply Motor generator Surge suppressor Power line conditioner Motor generator In order to be able to compare different devices, standardized impulse waveforms have been defined: / (Class ) which has the highest energetic content, 8/ (Class ), and / (Class ) with the lowest energetic content. Class devices are normally used for frontend protection, i.e. for highenergy deviation coming from direct lightning strikes whereas class and class devices are used at a lower level in order to reduce the residual voltage (UP) as much as possible. UP he protection voltage or residual voltage (UP) is the voltage to which the SPD clamps when it is hit with a standardised impulse waveform for its specific class, with a magnitude equal to INOM. Isolation transformer Power line conditioner Motor generator Uninterruptible power supply Loose wiring and grounding problems corrected Electrically separate loads that cause harmonic distortion Power line conditioner Uninterruptible power supply Motor generator Oversize electrical equipment so it does not overheat INOM Is the current that the SPD can deviate (minimum times). his current is of course much lower than IMAX..

144 Redline Comfort Functions SPDtechnology able shows the various technologies that can be applied to protect an installation or equipment against overvoltages. heir respective main characteristics are also shown. o protect a mainspower distribution system from overvoltage surges, only ZincOxideVaristor (or more in general the Metal OxideVaristor, in short the MOV), Gasube and Spark Gap technologies are used. SurgeGuard SPD s Class SurgeGuard devices all have MOVtechnology inside. Besides the MOV s, each phase is also equipped with a thermal fuse in order to take the device ofline in case the MOV breaks down and becomes a shortcircuit (i.e. after thermal runaway). In addition, all devices have an optical faultindicator and some have a voltagefree contact for distant reporting. his contact reflects the status of the thermal fuse, and thus indirectly also the status of the MOV. Once the indicator turns red or the contact has switched over, the SurgeGuard should be replaced as soon as possible. he class SurgeGuard devices are based on sparkgap technology. As a spark gap can never turn into a shortcircuit, the class devices don t have a thermal fuse and as a consequence neither an auxiliary contact nor an optical status indicator. Characteristics and features of transient voltage suppression technology (table ) Device type VI characteristics Leakage Follow on I Clamping voltage Energy capability Capacitance Response time Cost Ideal device Zero to low No Low High Low or high Fast Low Zinc oxide varistor Low No Moderate to low High Moderate to high Fast Low Zener Low No Low Low Low Fast High Growbar (zener + SCR Combination) Low Yes (latching Holdin I) Low Medium Low Fast Moderate Spark gap Zero Yes High ignition voltage High Low Slow Low to high Low clamp riggered spark gap PEAK VOLAGE (IGNIION) WORKING Zero Yes Lower ignition voltage High Low Moderate High VOLAGE Low clamp Selenium Very high No Moderate to high Moderate to high High Fast High Silicon carbide varistor High No High High High Fast Relative low.

145 Different earthing systems require different SPD s Depending on how the earthing of the power distribution system is implemented, single pole or multipole SPD s are required in order to fully protect the installation and the hookedup equipment against destructive overvoltages. For an indepth explanation about the different existing earthing systems, please refer to page.. For the explanation below, we will always take the worst case example: a direct lightningstrikehit on only one of the conductors of a phase energy distribution system, discharging through this one conductor only. We have also simplified the drawings by only showing a varistor, and not the complete internal circuit including the thermal fuse, faultindicatorand auxiliarycontactcircuit. towards the PE of the energy supplier (I ). Once this happens, the bulk of the current will flow through this parallel path, since on the side of the energy supplier, the earthing as well as the generator itself (or secondary of an intermediate stepdown transformer) has a very low impedance (typically Z =. ohm). As you can easily see, the clamping voltage between live and neutral is UP + UP, which is roughly twice the clamping voltage of a varistor and not once as may be expected. his results in a very poor degree of protection. herefore, in this case an additional varistor between each live conductor and the neutral is necessary to guarantee full protection (see fig.). fig. Surge arresters and NS earthing systems require multipole SPD s Figure shows a earthing system, with varistors installed only between each live conductor and protective earth (PE), and also between the neutral and the PE. fig. Right after the direct lightning strike hit, the tremendous amount of free charges injected in to the conductor, generates a very strong electrical field, pushing these free charges as far apart as possible. As a result, an impulsewaveshaped current travels away from the point of impact, in both directions along the conductor towards the PE, generating a voltagedrop across the conductor given by the law U = L x (di/dt). ypically, a ka 8/ currentimpulse generates a voltage of V across a wire with a length of m. he varistor installed on the hitby wire will clamp this generated voltage to a value corresponding to the instantaneous value of the current, given by the UIplot of the varistor (see table ), and will deviate the current (I ) towards the local PE. Because of the relative high local PEimpedance (typically Z = ohm), the voltagedrop U generated by I could easily reach the level at which the varistor between local PE and Neutral starts to clamp, and therefore also starts to conduct current Based on the above explanation, you can easily see that in the case of a NS earthing system, multipole SPD s are required in order to fully protect the installation and hookedup equipment against overvoltagesurges (fig.). Here however, since the impedance towards earth via the neutralconductor is roughly the same as the one via the PEconductor, both conductors will share the current surge, roughly equally. Nonetheless, again the varistor between the neutral and PE will conduct current, because it will clamp the voltage across itself to its UP and therefore again the clamping voltage between the live and the neutral becomes roughly twice UP. fig..7

146 Redline Comfort Functions I and NC earthing systems require singlepole SPD s As can be seen in figure, the main difference between a and an Iearthing system is the high impedance Z through which the generator or the secondary of the stepdowntransformer is grounded in an Isystem. herefore, the lowimpedant currentpath towards the PE of the energysupplier which exits in a system, no longer exists in an Isystem, and for this reason will never conduct current. So no additional varistors between the live conductors and the neutral are required to guarantee full protection. fig. Cascading of SPD s In areas where the exposure to lightning is very high, SPD s with a high IMAX, must be installed (see below). In general, the UP of those devices is too high to protect sensitive equipment like i.e. V, VCR, and computerequipment. herefore, besides these high IMAX / high UP frontend SPD s, devices with a lower UP are to be installed in cascade (parallel) in order to bring the protection voltage down to a reasonable level. Special care must be taken when two SPD s, both based on MOVtechnology, are connected in parallel, especially when their electrical characteristics differ a lot from one another. As can be seen in the graph of figure 7, when putting two MOV s direct in parallel, thus without any substantial wiring in between, the one with the lowest clamping voltage and lowest IMAX will conduct the bulk of the current. fig.7 MOV() MOV() In case of a NCearthing system, the Neutraland PEconductor are combined in to one PENconductor (fig.). herefore there is no alternative parallel current path as it exists in a NSsystem and thus the highest possible voltage between the neutral and a live conductor is equal to the clamping voltage of only one varistor. SPARK GAP fig. his setup is completely missing its goal, since the MOV with the highest and not the one with the lowest IMAX should conduct the largest portion of the current. In order for this setup to be effective, the interconnecting wire between both SPD s should have at least a length of m (the longer, the better) introducing a series inductor. If this is practically impossible, a real inductor should be installed between both SPD s (fig.8). fig.8 NCS earthing systems Last but not least, in a NCSearthingsystem, always use multipole SPD s where the neutral is separately available and the equipment requires the Neutral to be connected. Use single pole SPD s only if you are sure that the neutral is not separately available or if the neutral doesn t need to be connected to the equipment (i.e. for a phase V delta motor)..8

147 he SGC has a µh coil, capable of conducting A, included in the range for this purpose. Figures 9 and are illustrating the effect of cascaded MOV s. Figure 9 shows the clamping of a ka7v MOV alone. When the device is hit with a standard ka 8/ impulse wave (red curve), the voltage at which the MOV clamps is.8kv (green curve). Figure shows the clamping of the same ka 7V MOV in parallel with an 8kAV MOV upfront. he interconnection between the two MOV s has a length of m and a crosssection of mm. Applying the same standard ka8/ impulse wave (green curve) to this cascade, the voltage at which the ka7v MOV clamps is much lower (9V) and much more stable (yellow curve). fig.9 fig. SG ka ma EP C/C ma ma installation should the surge arrester fail. It also allows the disconnection of the SPD for service or maintenance. o be effective, the circuit breaker or fuse directly upstream of the SPD should be capable of cutting the theoretical shortcircuit current at the place where the SPD is installed. In other words, the shortcircuit current interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker should be at least equal to or preferably higher than the calculated shortcircuit current. For the different values of IMAX, table shows the necessary shortcircuit interrupting capacity of the upstream circuit breaker. hese values were obtained by calculating the shortcircuit current with only the shortcircuit resistance of the SPD as the limiting factor. F EP C/C F SG 8kA SG ka or ka Surge arresters green: residual voltage red: 8/ current impulse able SPD IMAX Shortcircuit interrupting capacity fig. blue: residual voltage after st stage yellow: residual voltage after nd stage green: 8/ current impulse red: current through nd stage Selection of upstream circuit breaker Eventhough all MOVbased SurgeGuard SPD s incorporate internal protection (thermal fuse), as a general rule, a circuit breaker or fused disconnect should be installed upstream of the SPD. In all cases, even in the case where a general circuit breaker is already installed, it s advisable to add a circuit breaker (F) just upstream of the SPD, in a selective way (fig.). his provides a means of disconnecting the SPD and not the entire 8kA ka ka EP EP EP An important consideration here, is that these are worst case values, because in a real installation several other resitances add up to the shortcircuit resistance of the SPD, and therefore decrease the shortcircuit current even further. he size of the circuit breaker will not affect the performance of the SPD. he circuit breaker size should be coordinated with the connecting wire and should be sized accordingly to the applicable National Electrical Code. Features and benefits What can be seen from the outside Photo shows a single and multipole SurgeGuard SPD. As always for the Elfa+ range of products, the main characteristics are printed in the upper part of the front of the device O. hese are: IMAX Class UP at INOM Operating voltage UN Wiring diagram Single or multipole configuration. he IMAX of the SurgeGuard SPD s goes from ka over to ka for the plugin class devices, up to 8kA for the monobloc class devices and up to ka for the class devices..9

148 Redline photo O7 O O O O indicator O and some have a voltagefree contact for remote indication O. he class SurgeGuard devices are based on sparkgap technology. As a spark gap can never turn into a shortcircuit, the class devices don t have a thermal fuse and as a consequence neither an auxiliary contact nor an optical status indicator. Comfort Functions O All types are equipped with mm terminals O with captive Pozidriv screws. he terminalposition is aligned with the terminalposition of the Elfa+ MCB s offering the benefit of interconnecting both devices with a pin or forktype busbar. Easy DINrail extraction as is implemented on the MCB s and RCD s is also being used here due to the same DINrail clip used O. All singlepole SPD s are keyed plugindevices O and have a mechanical fault indicator, O while all multipole devices are monoblock (not plugin) and have an LED fault indicator O. he whole range of class SurgeGuard SPD s is available with or without a voltagefree auxiliary contact for remote indication O7. Both the auxiliary contact as well as the fault indicator reflect the status of the thermal fuse, and thus indirectly also the status of the MOV (see explanation below and fig.). Once the fault indicator turns red and the auxiliary contact has switched over, the SurgeGuard should be replaced as soon as possible since from that moment on there is no overvoltage protection. What s inside Class SurgeGuard devices all have MOVtechnology inside. he wiring diagram of a singlephase multipole SurgeGuard is drawn in the figure below. Besides the MOV s, each phase and the earth are also equipped with a thermal fuse O in order to take the device OFFline in case the MOV breaks down and becomes a shortcircuit (i.e. after thermal runaway). In addition, all devices have an optical fault fig. D Phase Neutral F F RV RV RV R D O7 C R C Q C DS O K O J Selecting the correct SPD he correct selection of an SPD is based on factors: IMAX his key parameter is determined based on a risk analysis (see below) that takes into account: the number of lightning days per year (=keraunic level), the geometry of the facility, the environment directly in the neighbourhood of the facility, the way in which the power is distributed, the value ( ) of the equipment to be protected etc. UP Determined by the sensitivity of the equipment to be protected. As a rule of thumb, the figures of table above can be used for this purpose. Power supplier network As already explained above, different earthingsystems require different SPD s: Singlepole for I and NC Multipole for and NS. Also the voltage and the number of phases of the power supply have an influence on the selection of the SPD. Determination of IMAX Step : Facility exposure analysis he more lightning strikes per year, the higher the risk of the building being hit: Figure shows the map of the world with isokeraunics superimposed on it. (Isokeraunic = line of same number of lightning days per year). For each area, a more accurate map should be available at the Metreologic Institute of the country. Locate the area of the facility and read the keraunic level. Keraunic level above 8 (High risk) Keraunic level between and 8 (Medium risk) Keraunic level below (Low risk) he higher the building or the bigger its groundsurface, the higher the risk of the building being hit with a lightningstrike: Multistory building Single story with roof <m Single story building.

149 Ground surface more than m Ground surface from to m Ground surface less than m he higher the density of the buildings in the area, the lower the risk of your building being hit with a lightning strike: Rural Suburb Downtown An overhead power supply has a higher risk of being hit by a lightning strike than an underground supply: Overhead direct service drop Overhead to facility then underground Underground service from utility substation Metropolitan service grid Also, the further the infrastructure is away from the nearest substation, the longer the power supply cables and thus the higher the risk: Step : Function and value analysis Critical facilities like hospitals, airtraffic control centres, etc. cannot afford to be out of operation by losing expensive (sensitive) electronic equipment: Mission critical / hours critical Critical / 8 hours critical Non critical / 8 hours commercial Large concentration of sensitive equipment Sensitive equipment only in certain areas Very limited presence of sensitive equipment he higher the cost of the equipment to protect, the better it should be protected: Above $ k $ k to $ k $ k to $ k Less than $ k Historical Data Surge arresters m to km from facility m to m from facility Less that meters from facility Facility Exposure Risk Level (FERlevel) Determine the facility exposure risk factor by adding the above scores and looking up the facility exposure risk level in the table below. Past history of power problems with damage Past history of power problems without damage No past history of power problems Facility Function and Value Factor (FF&Vfactor) Determine your facility function and value factor by adding the above scores and looking up the facility function and value level in the table below If the total (sum of above) is Less or equal to Between and 8 Above or equal to 9 FERlevel LOW MEDIUM HIGH If the total (sum of above) is FF&Vfactor Less or equal to Between 7 and Above or equal to fig..

150 Redline Step : Lookup I MAX Based on the Facility Exposure Risk level (FER) and the Facility Function and Value factor (FF&V), table advises the value of IMAX of the SPD or SPD s to be installed. able Comfort Functions FACILIY LEVELS INSALLAION POIN FER FF&V Domestic Industrial ertiary HIGH MEDIUM LOW Level Level Level Level Level Level Level Level Level MAIN PANEL ka ka ka () ka ka ka ka ka ka SUBPANEL ka ka MAIN PANEL ka () ka () ka () ka 8kA ka () ka ka ka SUBPANEL ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka MAIN PANEL ka ka ka () ka ka ka () ka ka ka () Due to high protection needs, the Class SPD needs to be installed together with the Class for the positions marked with "()". () If a lightning rod is installed on a building in Your facility or on a building in a radius of km around Your facility, or if some high towers, antennas or trees are in that same radius, we advise to install minimum a ka SPD. SUBPANEL ka ka ka ka ka ka ka ka Determination of the SurgeGuard type he IMAXvalue found above, together with the operating voltage, the protection voltage and the kind of earthing system, determines the correct Surge Guard type (able ). able Network I or NC single pole SPD or NS multipole SPD UN V V V V V V IMAX/UP ka ka ka ka ka ka.kv SG SP SG SP SG SP SG SP SG SP SG SP.8kV SG SP SG SP SG SP SG SP () () kv SG SP SG SP () () () ().kv SG MM SG MM SG MM SG MM SG MM 8.8kV SG MM SG MM SG MM SG MM SG MM 8 kv SG MM SG MM SG MM SG MM () () If the protection level cannot be reached by using only one SPD, appropriate cascading is necessary. Example: o protect computer equipment in a facility with a high FER and a level FF&V and with an I or NC earthing system, according to table a ka SPD with a UP=kV is required but not available. herefore cascading a SurgeGuard SP upfront of a SurgeGuard SP downstream, with a SurgeGuard C in between if required would be the best solution. Installation guidelines fig. Although the installation of an SPD is relatively easy and can be done very fast, correct installation is vital. Not just for the obvious reasons of electrical safety but also because a poor installation technique can significantly reduce the effectiveness of the SPD. Below some installation guidelines are summarised in order to assure the best possible protection against overvoltage surges you can achieve by applying SurgerGuard SPD s. Install a high quality ground (PE) and avoid groundloops Proper grounding and bonding is important to achieve a source of equal potential, ensuring that electronic equipment is not exposed to differing ground potentials that would introduce ground loop currents. A high impedance towards ground introduces an additional voltage drop in series with the residual voltage of the SPD (fig.), so the lower this impedance towards ground, the lower the total residual voltage across the load to be protected. Bonding was not a concern in past years because computers, and all other devices, were predominantly standalone devices and the ground connection was simply a safety measure for that single device. However, in recent years we have begun interconnecting various devices via data and signal cables. Now, with each device having a separate ground connection, currents begin to flow between these various ground connections increasing the possibility of equipment damage. Figure overleaf shows correct bonded ground interconnection between PE, SPD and the equipment to be protected..

151 fig. Use Kelvin connections Wherever possible, ordinary parallel connections as shown in figure 7 should be avoided and Kelvin connections as shown in figure 8 should be applied. his way of connecting virtually reduces the additional voltagedrop in the connecting wires to zero, obtaining the best UP possible. fig.8 Surge arresters Keep the lead length short As the letthrough or residual voltage of a SPD is the primary measurement of a protectors effectiveness, special care needs to be taken when hooking up the device. Indeed, the letthrough voltage is directly affected by the impedance of the connecting leads, thus by their length and cross section (see fig.7). Obviously, the performance of the entire circuit decreases as this impedance increases. heoretically, since the terminals of the SurgeGuard devices have a maximum capacity of xmm or xmm, Kelvin connection is possible up to A. However, due to the excessive heating of the terminal at higher currents, we advise not to use Kelvin connections above A. Install the SPD as close as possible to the upstream circuit breaker Again in order to reduce the additional volt drop as much as possible in the interconnecting wiring, keep the length (L) of those wires as short as possible (fig.9). fig.9 fig.7 Install the SPD as close as possible to the equipment to be protected Increasing the conductor size will help to reduce the impedance. However, as at high frequencies the inductance is more important than the resistance, reducing the wire length (thus reducing the inductance) will have a much bigger impact than increasing the cross section (= reducing the resistance). Also, increasing the cross section implies increasing the installation cost, while reducing the length implies reducing the installation cost. fig..

152 Redline Comfort Functions Avoid installing an SPD downstream of a sensitive RCD An MOVbased SPD always has a leakage current towards earth. Normally, this leakage current is in the µarange and therefore negligible, but for a lot of SPD s on the market, (i.e. the multipole SurgeGuard devices), the optical indicator is a LED which also leaks current to ground. Unfortunately, the intensity of the multipole device is several ma s. As a result, installing an SPD downstream of a residual current device (RCD) could lead to nuisance tripping of the RCD. his doesn t influence the correct operation of the SPD, but indeed interrupts the service continuity. We advise not to install a multipole SurgeGuard SPD downstream of an RCD with a sensitivity of less than ma. Bound wires together In addition to keeping the lines short, where possible tightly bind the lives and neutral together over as much of their length as possible, using cable ties, adhesive tape, or spiral wrap. his is a very effective way to cancel out inductance. ext for specifiers In and NSsystems only multipole SPD s are used while in I and NC systems only singlepole SPD s are used. In I and NSsystems, one SPD is used between each liveconductor and PE. he singlepole SPD s are all keyed plugin devices while the multipole devices are all monoblock. All SPD s have a terminal capacity of xmm or xmm ; the Pozidriv terminals are captive. he SPD s can be interconnected with MCB s by means of a pin or forktype busbar. All SPD s have an optical fault indicator. A complete range is available: Class, Class and decoupling inductors. Devices with a builtin voltagefree auxiliary contact for remote indication are available. All MOVbased SPD s must have a builtin thermal fuse. he powersupply voltage is allowed to vary in the range of % Un... 8% Un without damaging the SPD. Avoid sharp bending and windingup of conductors Besides keeping the interconnecting wires as short as possible, we also advise not to bend those interconnecting wires in a sharp way, but instead apply smooth bendings. Never coil up interconnecting wires. Both coiling and sharp bending increase the inductance of the wire drastically. Follow rigorously the product specific installation procedure As each SurgeGuard device comes with a detailed instruction sheet, please read and follow these guidelines step by step during the installation of the SPD. Regulations and standards SurgeGuard SPD s are all designed according to the following standards (latest version unless indicated otherwise): IEC, IEC EN, EN/IEC, EN/IEC UL9 VDE, VDE 8 part, VDE 8, VDE 7 (A & A), VDE /A BS (99) AS 78 (99) ANSI C..

153 echnical data Class I NS L L L N L L L N Decoupling element ested to (Standards) Nominal current Nominal inductance Nominal voltage VBAB (8) PE VBAB (8) Max. backup fuse Shortcircuit withstand capability with max. backup fuse DC resistance Operating temperature range Number of modules Ref. no. VBAB (8) IEC 8 A uh 8Vac A gl ka mohm...+7 Application Used in areas where the exposure to lightning is very high, two SPD must be installed, one of them, with high I max (Iimp Class I) and high Up and the second one with low Imax and low Up. If a Class I and Class II SPD are installed at meters distance from each other, no decoupling coil is required. Decoupling coil is required if both products are installed in the same panel or with distances lower than m. L N DK ( 9) PE VBABNPE () SPD with High I max (Iimp) High up SPD with Low I max Lowup Surge arresters Plugin devices (MOV technology & Gas technology for NEarth device) Ref. no. Surge arrester NPE Surge arrester NEW ested to Designed according to Class (CEIIEC /E DIN VDE 7 part /A) Un/frequency Rated voltage (maximum continuous operating voltage) Uc Isn (8/) I max (8/) Up at Isn (kv) Response time ta Max. backup fuse / MCB Operating temperature range Shortcircuit withstand capability with max. backup fuse Number of modules IEC IEC IEC IEC IEC IEC IEC ;EN ; EN/IEC ;EN ; UL9; VDE ; VDE 8 part ; VDE /A; BS (99); AS 78 (99); ANSI C. II/C II/C II/C Vac / Hz 7V < ns A / B or C...+7 ka 7V <.9 ns A / B or C...+7 ka 7V <. ns A / B or C...+7 ka II/C II/C II/C Vac / Hz 8V <. ns A / B or C...+7 ka 8V <.8 ns A / B or C...+7 ka 8V <.9 ns A / B or C...+7 ka IEC IEC ; EN/IEC ; EN/IEC ; EN/IEC ; UL9; VDE ; VDE 8 part ; VDE /A; BS (99); AS 78 (99); ANSI C. II/C Vac / Hz 7 V <. ns...+7 Additional data for SG MM...C ype of contact Cross sectional areas of remote alarm terminals Ref. no. Dry contact >. mm Dry contact >. mm 7 Dry contact >. mm Dry contact >. mm Dry contact >. mm 9 Dry contact >. mm Not applicable Not applicable systems (+ or + system) Ph N Plugin devices N.

154 Redline echnical data Class II Surge arrester SG MM () NS NEW Comfort Functions ested to Designed according to Class Un/frequency Rated voltage (maximum continuous operating voltage) Uc In (8/) I max (8/) Up at In Response time ta Backup fuse or MCB Shortcircuit withstand capability with max. backup fuse Number of modules Surge arrester SG MM () IEC IEC IEC ;EN ; EN/IEC ;EN ; UL9; VDE ; VDE 8 part ; VDE /A; BS (99); AS 78 (99); ANSI C. II/C II/C Vac/Hz Vac/Hz 7 V 7 V ka ka ka ka <.9 kv <.9 kv ns ns A /B or C A /B or C ka ka NS NEW ested to Designed according to Class Un/frequency Rated voltage (maximum continuous operating voltage) Uc In (8/) I max (8/) Up at In Response time ta Backup fuse or MCB Shortcircuit withstand capability with max. backup fuse Number of modules IEC IEC IEC ;EN ; EN/IEC ;EN ; UL9; VDE ; VDE 8 part ; VDE /A; BS (99); AS 78 (99); ANSI C. II/C II/C 8Vac/Hz 8Vac/Hz 7 V 7 V ka ka ka ka.9 kv.9 kv ns ns A /B or C A /B or C ka ka Surge arrester SG MM (7) NS NEW ested to Designed according to Class Un (LL) / frequency Rated voltage (maximum continuous operating voltage) Uc In (8/) I max (8/) Up at In Response time ta Backup fuse or MCB Shortcircuit withstand capability with max. backup fuse Number of modules IEC IEC IEC ; EN/IEC ; EN/IEC ;EN ; UL9; VDE ; VDE 8 part ; VDE /A; BS (99); AS 78 (99); ANSI C. II/C II/C Vac/Hz Vac/Hz 7V 7V ka ka ka ka kv kv ns ns A /B or C A /B or C ka ka Surge arrester SG MM (9) NS NEW ested to Designed according to Class Un (LL) / frequency Rated voltage (maximum continuous operating voltage) Uc In (8/) I max (8/) Up at In Response time ta Backup fuse or MCB Shortcircuit withstand capability with max. backup fuse Number of modules IEC IEC IEC ;EN ; EN/IEC ;EN ; UL9; VDE ; VDE 8 part ; VDE /A; BS (99); AS 78 (99); ANSI C. II/C II/C 8Vac/Hz 8Vac/Hz 7 V 7 V ka ka ka ka kv kv ns ns A /B or C A /B or C ka ka.

155 Surge arrester SG MM C () NEW NS ested to Designed according to Class Un (LL) / frequency Rated voltage (maximum continuous operating voltage) Uc In (8/) I max (8/) Up at In Response time ta Backup fuse or MCB Shortcircuit withstand capability with max. backup fuse Number of modules Additional data for SG MM...C ype of contact Cross sectional areas of remote alarm terminals IEC IEC IEC ;EN ; EN/IEC ;EN ; UL9; VDE ; VDE 8 part ; VDE /A; BS (99); AS 78 (99); ANSI C. II/C II/C 8Vac/Hz 8Vac/Hz 7 V 7 V ka ka ka ka kv kv ns ns A /B or C A /B or C ka ka Dry contact <. mm Dry contact <. mm Surge arresters Surge arrester SG MM 8 C () NEW NS ested to Designed according to Class Un (LL) / frequency Rated voltage (maximum continuous operating voltage) Uc In (8/) I max (8/) Up at In Response time ta Backup fuse or MCB Shortcircuit withstand capability with max. backup fuse Number of modules Additional data for SG MM...C ype of contact Cross sectional areas of remote alarm terminals IEC IEC IEC ;EN ; EN/IEC ;EN ; UL9; VDE ; VDE 8 part ; VDE /A; BS (99); AS 78 (99); ANSI C. II/C II/C 8Vac/Hz 8Vac/Hz 7 V 7 V ka ka 8 ka 8 ka. kv. kv ns ns A /B or C A /B or C ka ka Dry contact <. mm Dry contact <. mm Filter Capacity Standards Symetric attenuation Un Umax Operating temperature range Number of modules Ref. no. Cx db V V C. uf EN

156 Redline Mains disconnect switches Aster Comfort Functions Switches Aster Rotary switches Aster Switches with signal lamp Aster Pushbuttons Aster Indication lamp Aster.8

157 Socketoutlet Series MSC Contactors Contax Dimensional drawings Contactors Day and Night Contax Contactors Auxiliary contact Contactors Spacer.9

158 Redline Relays Contax R Comfort Functions Relays Auxiliary contact Impulse switches P Pulsar S Impulse switches P Pulsar S Electromechanical stepbystep Pulsar S Impulse switches Addon module for electromechanical switches left mounting right mounting.

159 Impulse switches Spacer Staircase switches/ime relays Pulsar /S Analogue time switches module Classic Dimensional drawings Analogue time switches & modules Classic Digital time switches module Galax.

160 Redline Digital time switches & modules Galax Comfort Functions Light sensitive switch module Galax LSS Light sensitive switches mod. Galax LSS Light sensitive switch with digital clock Galax LSS Light sensitive switch photocell incorporated Light sensitive switches Photocell.

161 Bell transformers Series Safety transformers Series Dimensional drawings Buzzers and bells module Buzzers and bells modules Analogue measurement instruments Series M.

162 Redline Digital measurement instruments Series M Comfort Functions Energy meter Series M Network analyser Series M Signal converter Series M Selector switch Series M.

163 Current transformer Series M up to 8A up to A Dimensional drawings and A 8 and A ElfaLogic CPU Expansion module.

164 Redline Surge arresters SurgeGuard Class Surge arresters SurgeGuard Class Single pole plugin Comfort Functions Surge arresters SurgeGuard Class Multipole monobloc Decoupling coil SurgeGuard Sine wave tracker SurgeGuard Priority relay Series PR.

165 GE Consumer & Industrial Power Protection 97 Power Protection (former GE Power Controls), a division of GE Consumer & Industrial, is a first class European supplier of lowvoltage products including wiring devices, residential and industrial electrical distribution components, automation products, enclosures and switchboards. Demand for the company s products comes from wholesalers, installers, panelboard builders, contractors, OEMs and utilities worldwide GE POWER CONROLS International Sales Nieuwevaart B9 Gent Belgium el. +/9 Fax +/ [email protected] GE imagination at work 88 Ref. R//E/X. Ed. / Copyright GE Power Controls