3 Phase Power Basics. Thomas Greer Executive Director Engineering Services TLG Services
|
|
|
- Claire Greer
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 3 Phase Power Basics Thomas Greer Executive Director Engineering Services TLG Services
2 Agenda Terminology Basic Electrical Circuits Basic Power Calculations
3 Why This Electricity Stuff? To Become an Electrical Engineer? So We Won t Have to Call Our AE? To Moonlight Teaching at the University? I Don t Think So!
4 Why This Electricity Stuff? Able to talk the talk Fundamental language with customers, consultants, and contractors in this industry Improved technical skills help you to meet and exceed the expectations of your customers
5 What You Will Take Home Understand basic terminology in electrical circuits and power systems Able to perform basic power calculations
6 Current The movement of electrons in a circuit. It is the flow of electricity. Unit of measure is the ampere abbreviated AMP or A. Represented in equations by the letter I.
7 Direct Current Direct Current (DC) - Current flows in one direction Common DC source - battery Current DC Current Time
8 Alternating Current Alternating Current (AC) - Current flows first in one direction and then the other, reversing direction periodically Common AC source - Commercial Power (AC Generator) + Current AC Current Time -
9 Voltage Is the electrical potential or force that causes current to flow in a circuit. Unit measure is the volt, abbreviated V.
10 Impedance Impedance is the total opposition a circuit offers to the flow of electric current DC circuit impedance include resistance only AC circuit impedance includes resistance and reactance Reactance comes from inductors and capacitors Measured in ohms (Ω) Represented in equations by the letter Z
11 Electric Circuit Route in which current flows from a power source to a load and back to the power source. Switch AC Power Source V Z Load
12 Hydraulic and Electric Circuit Analogy Battery developing electrical pressure Pump generating mechanical pressure - + Direction of current flow Wire conducting current flow Resistance (electrical load) Electric Circuit Pipe conducting water flow Mechanical Load
13 Ohm s Law Ohm s Law - The current in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the circuit impedance. I = Current (Amps) I = V Z V = Voltage (Volts) Z = Impedance (Ohms) Solving for Voltage or Impedance V = IZ or Z = V I
14 Applying Ohm s Law I =? V = 120VAC Z=10Ω Example: AC circuit with resistive electric heater load of 10 ohms. I = V/Z I = 120/10 I = 12A
15 Are You Still There? Any Questions?
16 AC Waveform - 3 Phase C Frequency # Cycles Per Second Hertz A B One Cycle
17 Peak and RMS Values 1.0 Peak 1.0 (170V) RMS (120V) RMS value of an AC current is equal to the DC current which will produce the same average heating effect in a given resistance For Sinewave Irms =.707 Ipeak Ip = 2 Irms
18 Distorted Sinewave Voltage Waveform with distortion caused by load with switching SCR s
19 Harmonics Used as Building Blocks to Define a non Sinusoidal Waveform. Periodic Sinusoidal Components Multiples of Fundamental 3rd Harmonic of 60Hz Sinewave is 180Hz Harmonic Distortion - A current or voltage waveform includes includes non 60Hz components. Therefore, it is a distorted sinewave. Most real world 3 phase loads include harmonic distortion.
20 Power Rate of Doing Work P=V * I P = Power (Volt Amperes or Watts) V = Voltage (Volts) I = Current (Amperes) Z = Impedance (Ohms) Since, V = I * Z, Power can also be expressed as follows: P = V 2 /Z and P = I 2 Z
21 AC Power Apparent Power Total power measured in Volt-Amperes or VA. Obtained from the measured current and voltage. KVA (Single Phase) = (V * A) / 1000 KVA (Three Phase) = (V LN * A * 3) / 1000 or KVA (Three Phase) = (V LL * A * 3) / 1000 Where 3 = 1.732
22 AC Power Real Power Power which is actually available to do work. Total power (KVA) includes reactive components due to inductance and capacitance. Power useful for work is resistive component only. Measured in KW (kilowatts) Must be obtained by measurement with a Wattmeter or calculated.
23 Power Factor Ratio of Real Power to Apparent Power PF = KW / KVA Power Factor is described as leading or lagging based on whether the current leads or lags the voltage For a sinusoidal current and voltage the power factor equals the cosine of the phase angle between the current and voltage
24 Capacitor Electrical device that stores electrical energy. Does not allow instantaneous voltage change Capacitance - storage capability of capacitor Measured in farads
25 Capacitor + Capacitor voltage and current Voltage 0 Current Time The capacitor current is out of phase with the generated voltage, and leads the voltage by 90 degrees.
26 Inductor Device which stores electrical energy. Impedes instantaneous change in current. Inductance - measure of the amount of interaction between alternating current and resultant changing electromagnetic fields in a device. Unit of measure is henry
27 + Inductor Inductor voltage and current 0 Voltage Current Time The inductor current is out of phase with the generated voltage, and lags the voltage by 90 degrees.
28 Lead and Lag Power Factor Components Lagging Power Factor Single - Phase Transformer Three - Phase Transformer Choke Induction Motor Leading Power Factor Filter Unity Power Factor Incandescent Lamps Heaters PFC Power Supplies Synchronous Motors Capacitor
29 Efficiency Ratio of useful output energy to total useful input energy Power out Kw out Efficiency = = Power in Kw in 110 kva 100 kva load Input and output PF must be known as efficiency is a ratio of Kw s EX: PF in = PF out (this case only) = 0.8 Find efficiency. 100 (.8) Efficiency = 110 (.8) =.91 (100) = 91%
30 System Efficiencies Overall system efficiency is obtained by multiplying efficiencies of series components Sample System Building Xformer 99% Stepdown Xformer 98% UPS 90% Load PS 80% Overall Efficiency = (.99 *.98 *.9 *.8) = 70%
31 Still With Me? Any Questions?
32 Single Phase Systems 220/230/240V - 50 Hz 110/115/120V - 60 Hz load voltages may be obtained from these systems
33 Single Phase Systems Neutral 240V 120V Three load voltages may be obtained from this system volt single phase, two wire volt single phase, two wire /240 volt sing;e phase, three wire
34 Three Phase Systems 480V N 220/ 480V 480V 380/400/415 (Line-to-Line) Delta Connected System No Neutral Line-To-Line Voltages Only
35 Three Phase Systems 480V N 277V 380/400/ /230/ V (Line-to-Neutral) 480V (Line-to-Line) Wye Connected System Load voltages obtained from 480V systems volt single phase, two wire (L-N) volt single phase, two wire 3, 480 volt three phase, three wire /277 volt three phase, four wire
36 Three Phase Systems 208V N 120V 380/400/ /230/ V (Line-to-Neutral) 208V (Line-to-Line) To find the line-to-neutral voltage if the line-to-line voltage is 208V V V
37 Three Phase Systems Worldwide Voltages available 60Hz 600/346V (Canada) 480/277V 208/120V 220/127V (Mexico) 50Hz 380/220V 400/230V 415/240V
38 POWER CALCULATIONS Putting it All Together 38
39 Determining kva of Power Feeder Service (Single Phase) KVA = V A 1000 Assume a single phase 120 entrance service specified at 20 A KVA = =
40 Determining kva of Power Feeder Service (Three Phase) KVA = V A EXAMPLE 2: Assume a 3 phase 208/120 entrance service specified at 200A KVA = = kVA UPS should be selected.
41 Determining kva From Power Profile of Equipment Simple Addition of KVA Values EQUIPMENT VOLTAGE / PHASE LOAD 1 CPU 208 / 3 Phase.11 KVA 1 Controller 208 / 3 Phase 12 Amps 4 Disc 208 / 1 Phase 6 Amps Each 1 Printer 208 / 1 Phase 5 Amps 6 Terminal 120 / 1 Phase 4 Amps Each
42 P Determining kva From Power Profile of Equipment EXAMPLE (cont) EQUIPMENT CALCULATION INDIVIDUAL CPU None Required KVA =.11 V A 3 Controller KVA = KVA = V A Disc KVA = KVA = V A Printer KVA = KVA = Terminal KVA = V A KVA =
43 Determining kva From Power Profile of Equipment EXAMPLE (cont) EQUIPMENT KVA EACH TOTAL KVA LOAD Total KVA 24.20
44 Determining kva from Power Profile of Equipment A 30kVA UPS could be selected as a minimum To allow for growth a larger unit should be selected. This should be discussed with your customer to determine what size is needed. Rule of thumb is 20% - 30%
45 Determining kva from Power Profile of Equipment Load Calculations by Phase Equipment Voltage Load Phase A Phase B Phase C CPU 208v / 3 Phase Controller 208v / 3 Phase 12.0A Disc #1 208v / 1 Phase 6.0A Disc#2 208v / 1 Phase 6.0A Disc #3 208v / 1 Phase 6.0A Disc #4 208v / 1 Phase 6.0A Printer 208v / 1 Phase 5.0A Terminal #1 120v / 1 Phase 4.0A 4.0
46 Determining kva from Power Profile of Equipment Load Calculations by Phase (continue) Equipment Voltage Load Phase A Phase B Phase C Terminal #2 120v / 1 Phase 4.0A 4.0 Terminal #3 120v / 1 Phase 4.0A 4.0 Terminal #4 120v / 1 Phase 4.0A 4.0 Terminal #5 120v / 1 Phase 4.0A 4.0 Terminal #6 120v / 1 Phase 4.0A 4.0 Total Phase Load
47 Determining kva from Power Profile of Equipment Load Calculations by Phase (continued) Calculating the kva from the most heavily-loaded phase (phase C): kva = 208V 71.5A 3 kva = A 30kVA UPS could be selected as a minimum
48 Something to take home Single phase capacity V x A = VA 120 x 100 = 12 Kva Three phase capacity V x A x 1.73 = VA 208 x 100 x 1.73 = 36 Kva
49 Something more to take home Power factor = Kw / Kva Kva = Kw / Pf Must know kva and kw to properly select UPS size kw can be determined from PF and kva Maximum UPS output at rated power factor 100Kva/80kW unit can be fully loaded at 80Kva if load PF is 1.0
50 The End
Understanding Power Factor and How it Affects Your Electric Bill. Presented by Scott Peele PE
Understanding Power Factor and How it Affects Your Electric Bill Presented by Scott Peele PE Understanding Power Factor Definitions kva, kvar, kw, Apparent Power vs. True Power Calculations Measurements
Three phase circuits
Three phase circuits THREE PHASE CIRCUITS THREE-PHASE ADVANTAGES 1. The horsepower rating of three-phase motors and the kva rating of three-phase transformers are 150% greater than single-phase motors
AC Generators. Basic Generator
AC Generators Basic Generator A basic generator consists of a magnetic field, an armature, slip rings, brushes and a resistive load. The magnetic field is usually an electromagnet. An armature is any number
VOLTAGE REGULATOR AND PARALLEL OPERATION
VOLTAGE REGULATOR AND PARALLEL OPERATION Generator sets are operated in parallel to improve fuel economy and reliability of the power supply. Economy is improved with multiple paralleled generators by
Chapter 24. Three-Phase Voltage Generation
Chapter 24 Three-Phase Systems Three-Phase Voltage Generation Three-phase generators Three sets of windings and produce three ac voltages Windings are placed 120 apart Voltages are three identical sinusoidal
3-Phase AC Calculations Revisited
AN110 Dataforth Corporation Page 1 of 6 DID YOU KNOW? Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) came to the United States in 1884 from Yugosiavia. He arrived during the battle of the currents between Thomas Edison, who
GENERATOR SELECTION. a. Three phase - 120/208V, 3 phase, 4W wye; 277/408, 3 phase, 4W wye; * 120/240V 3 phase, 4W Delta
GENERATOR SELECTION Generators must be sized to handle their load based on the continuous KW, kilowatt load, and KVA, kilovoltamp load, and the worst case starting load KW + KVA. They must be derated for
UNDERSTANDING POWER FACTOR AND INPUT CURRENT HARMONICS IN SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLIES
UNDERSTANDING POWER FACTOR AND INPUT CURRENT HARMONICS IN SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLIES WHITE PAPER: TW0062 36 Newburgh Road Hackettstown, NJ 07840 Feb 2009 Alan Gobbi About the Author Alan Gobbi Alan Gobbi
Equipment: Power Supply, DAI, Variable resistance (8311), Variable inductance (8321)
Lab 4: 3-phase circuits. Objective: to study voltage-current relationships in 3-phase circuits; to learn to make delta and Y connections; to calculate and measure real, apparent, and reactive powers. Equipment:
Chapter 11. Inductors ISU EE. C.Y. Lee
Chapter 11 Inductors Objectives Describe the basic structure and characteristics of an inductor Discuss various types of inductors Analyze series inductors Analyze parallel inductors Analyze inductive
Power Factor Correction for Power Systems First Semester Report Spring Semester 2007
Power Factor Correction for Power Systems First Semester Report Spring Semester 2007 by Pamela Ackerman Prepared to partially fulfill the requirements for EE401 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Module Title: Electrotechnology for Mech L7
CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY INSTITIÚID TEICNEOLAÍOCHTA CHORCAÍ Autumn Examinations 2012 Module Title: Electrotechnology for Mech L7 Module Code: ELEC7007 School: School of Mechanical, Electrical and Process
Diodes have an arrow showing the direction of the flow.
The Big Idea Modern circuitry depends on much more than just resistors and capacitors. The circuits in your computer, cell phone, Ipod depend on circuit elements called diodes, inductors, transistors,
Line Reactors and AC Drives
Line Reactors and AC Drives Rockwell Automation Mequon Wisconsin Quite often, line and load reactors are installed on AC drives without a solid understanding of why or what the positive and negative consequences
Basic Electrical Technology Dr. L. Umanand Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Lecture - 33 3 phase System 4
Basic Electrical Technology Dr. L. Umanand Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Lecture - 33 3 phase System 4 Hello everybody. So, in the last class we have been
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA UNIT 5 - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - ALTERNATING CURRENT
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA UNIT 5 - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 4 - ALTERNATING CURRENT 4 Understand single-phase alternating current (ac) theory Single phase AC
Lecture Notes ELE A6
ecture Notes EE A6 Ramadan El-Shatshat Three Phase circuits 9/12/2006 EE A6 Three-phase Circuits 1 Three-phase Circuits 9/12/2006 EE A6 Three-phase Circuits 2 Advantages of Three-phase Circuits Smooth
Critical thin-film processes such as deposition and etching take place in a vacuum
WHITEPAPER INTRODUCING POWER SUPPLIES AND PLASMA Critical thin-film processes such as deposition and etching take place in a vacuum SYSTEMS chamber in the presence of a plasma. A plasma is an electrically
7-41 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
POWER FTOR CORRECTION INTRODUCTION Modern electronic equipment can create noise that will cause problems with other equipment on the same supply system. To reduce system disturbances it is therefore essential
Application Guide. Power Factor Correction (PFC) Basics
Power Factor Correction (PFC) Basics Introduction Power Factor, in simple terms, is a number between zero and one that represents the ratio of the real power to apparent power. Real power (P), measured
How To Understand And Understand The Theory Of Electricity
DIRECT CURRENT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT SYSTEMS N. Rajkumar, Research Fellow, Energy Systems Group, City University Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, UK Keywords: Electrical energy, direct current, alternating
2. A conductor of length 2m moves at 4m/s at 30 to a uniform magnetic field of 0.1T. Which one of the following gives the e.m.f. generated?
Extra Questions - 2 1. A straight length of wire moves through a uniform magnetic field. The e.m.f. produced across the ends of the wire will be maximum if it moves: a) along the lines of magnetic flux
The Basics of Digital Multimeters
IDEAL INDUSTRIES INC. The Basics of Digital Multimeters A guide to help you understand the basic Features and Functions of a Digital Multimeter. Author: Patrick C Elliott Field Sales Engineer IDEAL Industries,
Circuits with inductors and alternating currents. Chapter 20 #45, 46, 47, 49
Circuits with inductors and alternating currents Chapter 20 #45, 46, 47, 49 RL circuits Ch. 20 (last section) Symbol for inductor looks like a spring. An inductor is a circuit element that has a large
Table of Contents. The Basics of Electricity 2. Using a Digital Multimeter 4. Testing Voltage 8. Testing Current 10. Testing Resistance 12
Table of Contents The Basics of Electricity 2 Using a Digital Multimeter 4 IDEAL Digital Multimeters An Introduction The Basics of Digital Multimeters is designed to give you a fundamental knowledge of
BASIC ELECTRONICS AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS. December 2011
AM 5-202 BASIC ELECTRONICS AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS December 2011 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for Pubic Release. Distribution is unlimited. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY MILITARY AUXILIARY RADIO SYSTEM FORT
Power measurement in balanced 3 phase circuits and power factor improvement. 1 Power in Single Phase Circuits. Experiment no 1
Experiment no 1 Power measurement in balanced 3 phase circuits and power factor improvement 1 Power in Single Phase Circuits Let v = m cos(ωt) = cos(ωt) is the voltage applied to a R-L circuit and i =
ATTACHMENT F. Electric Utility Contact Information Utility Name. For Office Use Only
ATTACHMENT F CATEGORY 2 GENERATOR INTERCONNECTION APPLICATION FOR ALL PROJECTS WITH AGGREGATE GENERATOR OUTPUT OF MORE THAN 20 KW BUT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 150 KW Also Serves as Application for Category
The Importance of the X/R Ratio in Low-Voltage Short Circuit Studies
The Importance of the X/R Ratio in Low-Voltage Short Circuit Studies DATE: November 17, 1999 REVISION: AUTHOR: John Merrell Introduction In some short circuit studies, the X/R ratio is ignored when comparing
AC Power. by Prof. Dr. Osman SEVAİOĞLU Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
by Prof. Dr. Osman SEVAİOĞLU Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department EE 209 Fundamentals of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Prof. Dr. O. SEVAİOĞLU, Page 1 Voltage Waveform Consider the
RISH EM 3490 DS Dual Source Energy Meter RISH EM 3490 DS. Application : Product Features:
Application : RISH Master 3490 DS measures important electrical parameters of Utility (in normal mode) & Generators (in Power back up) in three phase and single phase Network & replaces the multiple analog
Power factor correction. An introduction to technology and techniques
Power factor correction An introduction to technology and techniques 2 Contents Understanding power factor 03 Power factor correction 05 Implementing power factor correction techniques 06 Glossary 07 Further
How To Wire A Three Phase, Single Phase, Wye Transformer
Three-Phase Transformers When more power is needed - three transformers can be tied together. This is called three-phase. Here s a simple way of comparing single-phase to threephase power. Single-Phase
Aircraft Electrical System
Chapter 9 Aircraft Electrical System Introduction The satisfactory performance of any modern aircraft depends to a very great degree on the continuing reliability of electrical systems and subsystems.
W03 Analysis of DC Circuits. Yrd. Doç. Dr. Aytaç Gören
W03 Analysis of DC Circuits Yrd. Doç. Dr. Aytaç Gören ELK 2018 - Contents W01 Basic Concepts in Electronics W02 AC to DC Conversion W03 Analysis of DC Circuits (self and condenser) W04 Transistors and
Current and Temperature Ratings
Document 361-1 Current and Temperature Ratings Introduction This application note describes: How to interpret Coilcraft inductor current and temperature ratings Our current ratings measurement method and
EEL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 4
1. Determine the voltage at the generating station and the efficiency of the following system (Figure 1): Both transformers have ratio of 2kV/11kV. The resistance on LV side of both Figure 1: transformers
Single and Three Phase Transformer Testing Using Static Motor Circuit Analysis Techniques
Single and Three Phase Transformer Testing Using Static Motor Circuit Analysis Techniques Howard W. Penrose, Ph.D On behalf of ALL-TEST Pro, LLC Old Saybrook, CT Introduction Field and shop testing of
HARMONIC DISTORTION IN THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM
Technical Note No.3 March 2000 HARMONIC DISTORTION IN THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY SYSTEM This Technical Note discusses harmonic distortion, its causes and adverse effects, what levels are unacceptable and how
Power Quality Standards for Electric Service
Power Quality Standards for Electric Service Effective June 1, 2008 A transition period will exist from June 1 through December 31, 2008 in which installations may be approved and connected as long as
HOW HARMONICS HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO MANY POWER FACTOR MISCONCEPTIONS
White Paper: MIRUS-TP003-A January 15, 2014 HOW HARMONICS HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO MANY POWER FACTOR MISCONCEPTIONS Prepared by: Anthony (Tony) Hoevenaars, P. Eng President and CEO Mirus International Inc.
Inductors in AC Circuits
Inductors in AC Circuits Name Section Resistors, inductors, and capacitors all have the effect of modifying the size of the current in an AC circuit and the time at which the current reaches its maximum
Energy in Electrical Systems. Overview
Energy in Electrical Systems Overview How can Potential Energy be stored in electrical systems? Battery Stored as chemical energy then transformed to electrical energy on usage Water behind a dam Water
Diode Applications. by Kenneth A. Kuhn Sept. 1, 2008. This note illustrates some common applications of diodes.
by Kenneth A. Kuhn Sept. 1, 2008 This note illustrates some common applications of diodes. Power supply applications A common application for diodes is converting AC to DC. Although half-wave rectification
Chapter 4: Power Factor Correction
1 Chapter 4: Power Factor Correction Electronic equipment connected to the mains interacts with the supply grid to varying extents. Passive loads such as heaters sink current in a steady manner and do
Power System Harmonics
Pacific Gas and Electric Company Power System Harmonics What are power system harmonics? Ideally, voltage and current waveforms are perfect sinusoids. However, because of the increased popularity of electronic
DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Volume 3 of 4
DOE-HDBK-1011/3-92 JUNE 1992 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Volume 3 of 4 U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 FSC-6910 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release;
Power Transducer User s Guide
Power Transducer User s Guide Volume 1 Power Transducer User's Guide Volume 1 Applying Power Transducers Volume 1 Page I. Why Monitor Power?... 1 II. Beginning Definitions... 3 III. Basic Concepts of AC
Electrical Installation Calculations: Advanced
Electrical Installation Calculations: Advanced This page intentionally left blank Electrical Installation Calculations: Advanced FOR TECHNICAL CERTIFICATE AND NVQ LEVEL 3 SEVENTH EDITION A. J. WATKINS
Fundamentals of Electrical Power Measurement
Fundamentals of Electrical Power Measurement Barry Bolling Application Engineer Yokogawa Corporation of America Credits: Bill Gatheridge Presentation: IEEE / UTC Aerospace 2012 Yokogawa Corporation of
ε: Voltage output of Signal Generator (also called the Source voltage or Applied
Experiment #10: LR & RC Circuits Frequency Response EQUIPMENT NEEDED Science Workshop Interface Power Amplifier (2) Voltage Sensor graph paper (optional) (3) Patch Cords Decade resistor, capacitor, and
Electronics. Basic Concepts. Yrd. Doç. Dr. Aytaç GÖREN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Levent ÇETİN
Electronics Basic Concepts Electric charge Ordinary matter is made up of atoms which have positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons surrounding them. Charge is quantized as the subtraction
The Facts About Harmonics and Power Factor. Power Quality: Harmonics & Power Factor Correction
The Facts About Harmonics and Power Factor Power Quality: Harmonics & Power Factor Correction 1 Agenda I. Harmonic Basics II. Harmonic Mitigation Methods III. Active Harmonic Filters IV. Applications V.
Series and Parallel Circuits
Series and Parallel Circuits Components in a circuit can be connected in series or parallel. A series arrangement of components is where they are inline with each other, i.e. connected end-to-end. A parallel
6/14/02 Chapter 2: Basic Electrical Power Fundamentals 1/6
Basic Electrical Power Fundamentals LOAD REFERENCE Kilowatts Kilovolt amps Power Factor PF Motors KW KVA USE NEC 430-148 KW < KVA.6-.95 and 430-150 to find current for given HP Indancescant Lighting USE
Considering the effects of UPS operation with leading power factor loads
Considering the effects of UPS operation with leading power factor loads Over the past five years, a new generation of data processing and communications equipment has become prevalent in modern data centers
Power Factor The Basics
Power Factor The Basics OK. I ve heard a lot about this power factor stuff. What exactly is it? We hope to give you an easy explanation of what power factor is, and to answer the following most asked questions:
Motor Efficiency and Power Factor ME 416/516
Motor Efficiency and Power Factor Motivation More than half of all electric energy generated goes to power electric motors. Electric motor converts electric power into shaft power. In thermodynamics terms,
Transformer circuit calculations
Transformer circuit calculations This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING EE2302 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES II UNIT-I SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
1 DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Constructional details Types of rotors EE2302 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES II UNIT-I SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR PART A 1.
Transformerless UPS systems and the 9900 By: John Steele, EIT Engineering Manager
Transformerless UPS systems and the 9900 By: John Steele, EIT Engineering Manager Introduction There is a growing trend in the UPS industry to create a highly efficient, more lightweight and smaller UPS
Fundamentals of Power
Fundamentals of Power Fundamentals of Power 2008 American Power Conversion Corporation. All rights reserved. All trademarks provided are the property of their respective owners. Learning Objectives At
Figure. 1 - Split Phase 240/120V circuit (180 phase shift)
This technical note describes the option of connecting the 60Hz XW Inverter/Charger to a three-phase source by using a transformer to convert the AC source to split-phase 240/120V. INTRODUCTION: Split-phase
Electrician s Math and Basic Electrical Formulas
UNIT 1 Electrician s Math and Basic Electrical Formulas INTRODUCTION TO UNIT 1 ELECTRICIAN S MATH AND BASIC ELECTRICAL FORMULAS In order to construct a building that will last into the future, a strong
How To Understand And Understand The Electrical Power System
DOE-HDBK-1011/4-92 JUNE 1992 DOE FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL SCIENCE Volume 4 of 4 U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. 20585 FSC-6910 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release;
BSNL TTA Question Paper-Instruments and Measurement Specialization 2007
BSNL TTA Question Paper-Instruments and Measurement Specialization 2007 (1) Instrument is a device for determining (a) the magnitude of a quantity (b) the physics of a variable (c) either of the above
I = V/r P = VI. I = P/V = 100 W / 6 V = 16.66 amps. What would happen if you use a 12-volt battery and a 12-volt light bulb to get 100 watts of power?
Volts, Amps and Ohms Measuring Electricity The three most basic units in electricity are voltage (V), current (I) and resistance (r). Voltage is measured in volts, current is measured in amps and resistance
The full wave rectifier consists of two diodes and a resister as shown in Figure
The Full-Wave Rectifier The full wave rectifier consists of two diodes and a resister as shown in Figure The transformer has a centre-tapped secondary winding. This secondary winding has a lead attached
Understanding Delta Conversion Online "Output Power Factor Ratings" - Part 7
Application Note #45 Understanding Delta Conversion Online "Output Power Factor Ratings" - Part 7 Introduction This application note is the seventh in a series on delta conversion theory of operation.
Properties of electrical signals
DC Voltage Component (Average voltage) Properties of electrical signals v(t) = V DC + v ac (t) V DC is the voltage value displayed on a DC voltmeter Triangular waveform DC component Half-wave rectifier
CURRENT ELECTRICITY INTRODUCTION TO RESISTANCE, CAPACITANCE AND INDUCTANCE
CURRENT ELECTRICITY INTRODUCTION TO RESI STANCE, CAPACITANCE AND INDUCTANCE P R E A M B L E This problem is adapted from an on-line knowledge enhancement module for a PGCE programme. It is used to cover
Step Voltage Regulators
Step Voltage Regulators Don Wareham Field Application Engineer Today s Agenda Introduction Voltage Regulator theory Voltage Regulator application considerations Installation and proper bypassing Wrap-up/questions
Product Data Bulletin
Product Data Bulletin Power System Harmonics Causes and Effects of Variable Frequency Drives Relative to the IEEE 519-1992 Standard Raleigh, NC, U.S.A. INTRODUCTION This document describes power system
Transformer Calculations
Transformer Calculations Transformers Transformers are one of the most basic yet practical devices used today. No matter where you are there is always a transformer nearby. They are used throughout alternating-current
ECE 431. Experiment #1. Three-Phase ac Measurements. PERFORMED: 26 January 2005 WRITTEN: 28 January 2005. Jason Wells
ECE 41 Experiment #1 Three- ac Measurements PERFORMED: 6 January 005 WRTTEN: 8 January 005 Jason Wells LEADER: Jason Wells RECORDER: Nathaniel Hakes 1 ntroduction The primary objectives of the experiment
Impedance Matching. Using transformers Using matching networks
Impedance Matching The plasma industry uses process power over a wide range of frequencies: from DC to several gigahertz. A variety of methods are used to couple the process power into the plasma load,
Design a Phase Interleaving PFC Buck Boost Converter to Improve the Power Factor
International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research ISSN 2351-8014 Vol. 11 No. 2 Nov. 2014, pp. 445-449 2014 Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals http://www.ijisr.issr-journals.org/
Instrument Transformer Wiring Troubleshooting Guide Three Phase Meters Revision 0, Initial Issue, April 26, 1993
R Instrument Transformer Wiring Troubleshooting Guide Three Phase Meters Revision 0, Initial Issue, April 26, 1993 CONTENTS I. How to Use This Guide II. Common Problems for 3-Wire and 4-Wire Systems III.
Capacitive reactance
Capacitive reactance This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
Definition AC Power Distribution
COMMON AC POWER DISTRIBUTION CONFIGURATIONS The input voltage needed to power electronic equipment is provided by the manufacture in the product specifications. Matching this requirement to the facility
Science and Reactor Fundamentals Electrical CNSC Technical Training Group. Table of Contents
Electrical Science and Reactor Fundamentals Electrical i Table of Contents 1 Objectives... 1 1.1 BASIC ELECTRICAL THEORY... 1 1.2 TRANSFORMERS... 1 1.3 GENERATORS... 2 1.4 PROTECTION... 3 2 BASIC ELECTRICAL
Inductors & Inductance. Electronic Components
Electronic Components Induction In 1824, Oersted discovered that current passing though a coil created a magnetic field capable of shifting a compass needle. Seven years later, Faraday and Henry discovered
Network Theory Question Bank
Network Theory Question Bank Unit-I JNTU SYLLABUS: Three Phase Circuits Three phase circuits: Phase sequence Star and delta connection Relation between line and phase voltages and currents in balanced
Measurement of Capacitance
Measurement of Capacitance Pre-Lab Questions Page Name: Class: Roster Number: Instructor:. A capacitor is used to store. 2. What is the SI unit for capacitance? 3. A capacitor basically consists of two
A Low Cost Power Quality and Energy Savings Laboratory for Undergraduate Education and Research
Session #3133 A Low Cost Power Quality and Energy Savings Laboratory for Undergraduate Education and Research Abdullatif Bagegni, Vance Poteat Merrimack College Abstract This paper describes the design
FREQUENCY CONTROLLED AC MOTOR DRIVE
FREQUENCY CONTROLLED AC MOTOR DRIVE 1.0 Features of Standard AC Motors The squirrel cage induction motor is the electrical motor motor type most widely used in industry. This leading position results mainly
GenTech Practice Questions
GenTech Practice Questions Basic Electronics Test: This test will assess your knowledge of and ability to apply the principles of Basic Electronics. This test is comprised of 90 questions in the following
Selecting Current Transformers Part 1 By Darrell G. Broussard, P.E.
By Darrell G. Broussard, P.E. Introduction: As engineers, we are aware that electrical power systems have grown. How much have they grown? When was the last time you specified a 2400-volt system, a 4160-volt
Power Supplies. 1.0 Power Supply Basics. www.learnabout-electronics.org. Module
Module 1 www.learnabout-electronics.org Power Supplies 1.0 Power Supply Basics What you ll learn in Module 1 Section 1.0 Power Supply Basics. Basic functions of a power supply. Safety aspects of working
First Year (Electrical & Electronics Engineering)
Z PRACTICAL WORK BOOK For The Course EE-113 Basic Electrical Engineering For First Year (Electrical & Electronics Engineering) Name of Student: Class: Batch : Discipline: Class Roll No.: Examination Seat
Apprentice Telecommunications Technician Test (CTT) Study Guide
Apprentice Telecommunications Technician Test (CTT) Study Guide 1 05/2014 Study Guide for Pacific Gas & Electric Company Apprentice Telecommunications Technician Qualifying Test (CTT) About the Test The
Improvements of Reliability of Micro Hydro Power Plants in Sri Lanka
Improvements of Reliability of Micro Hydro Power Plants in Sri Lanka S S B Udugampala, V Vijayarajah, N T L W Vithanawasam, W M S C Weerasinghe, Supervised by: Eng J Karunanayake, Dr. K T M U Hemapala
Equipment: Power Supply, DAI, Synchronous motor (8241), Electrodynamometer (8960), Tachometer, Timing belt.
Lab 9: Synchronous motor. Objective: to examine the design of a 3-phase synchronous motor; to learn how to connect it; to obtain its starting characteristic; to determine the full-load characteristic of
Understanding Power Factor, Crest Factor, and Surge Factor. White Paper #17
Understanding Power Factor, Crest Factor, and Surge Factor White Paper #17 Executive Summary This paper explains the technical terms of Power Factor, Crest Factor, and Surge Factor. The use of these terms
Digital Energy ITI. Instrument Transformer Basic Technical Information and Application
g Digital Energy ITI Instrument Transformer Basic Technical Information and Application Table of Contents DEFINITIONS AND FUNCTIONS CONSTRUCTION FEATURES MAGNETIC CIRCUITS RATING AND RATIO CURRENT TRANSFORMER
Lecture - 4 Diode Rectifier Circuits
Basic Electronics (Module 1 Semiconductor Diodes) Dr. Chitralekha Mahanta Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Lecture - 4 Diode Rectifier Circuits
Chapter 25 Alternating Currents
Physics Including Human Applications 554 Chapter 25 Alternating Currents GOALS When you have mastered the contents of this chapter, you will be able to achieve the following goals: Definitions Define each
EXTENDING THE LIFE OF POWER FACTOR CAPACITORS
by John Houdek, President, Allied Industrial Marketing, Inc., and Cesar Chavez, Engineering Manager, ARTECHE / Inelap Abstract: The addition of power factor improvement capacitors to individual motors
BALANCED THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS
BALANCED THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS The voltages in the three-phase power system are produced by a synchronous generator (Chapter 6). In a balanced system, each of the three instantaneous voltages have equal