Structure and Function of Cell Organelles
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1 Structure and Function of Cell Organelles
2 Review: What is a Cell? Smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions Microscopes enable us to examine cells in detail
3 Review: Cell Theory Biology is built on three simple but important ideas These three ideas form The Cell Theory... Robert Hooke
4 Review: Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells and their products 2. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes 3. All cells come from other cells; they do not come from non-living matter
5 Types of Cells All living things are made up of cells Cells may be simple (prokaryote) or complex (eukaryote)
6 Prokaryote No nucleus or other membrane bound organelles Small, single celled organisms DNA in nucleoid region Has a cell wall, small ribosomes, flagellum (tail) E.coli
7 Eukaryotes Multicellular organisms, More complex, larger Contains a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a thin membrane Examples: Protists, fungi, animals, and plants
8 ORGANISM without a nucleus with a nucleus Prokaryotes Eukaryotes one cell many cells eg. E. coli Unicellular Multicellular eg. Amoeba Animals Plants eg. whale eg. pine tree
9 Plant and Animal Cell Structure All cells have to perform the same basic activities to stay alive Use energy store materials take materials from the environment get rid of wastes move substances where they are needed reproduce
10 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
11 What is an Organelle? Eukaryotic cells have many types of organelles Organelle a structure within a cell that performs a specific function
12 Cytoplasm Structure - jelly-like material with other organelles in it Function - mostly water, but stores other substances too
13 Cell Membrane Structure - flexible, semi-permeable membrane Functions - allow substances into and out of cell - supports cell Cell Membrane
14 Nucleus Structure - control center, surrounded by nuclear membrane Function - tells cell what to do, contains genetic info (DNA) - DNA stored in chromosomes
15 Mitochondria Structure - power plant, oval with many folds inside Function - makes energy for cell - cells contain many mitochondria
16 Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure - roads, 3D network of fluid filled tubes Function - transports materials throughout cell
17 Ribosome Structure - small, round, attached to E.R - rough E.R Function - site where proteins are produced Ribosomes
18 Golgi Body Structure - shippers, stack of pancakes Functions - collects and processes materials to be removed - makes and secretes mucus
19 Vacuole Structure - membrane enclosing fluid in a sac Functions - removes unwanted substances - Maintains internal fluid pressure (turgor) Animal cells- many small vacuoles Plant cells - one large vacuole
20 Lysosome Note: Only found in animal cells Structure - digesters, small and round Function - contain enzymes that breaks down cell materials
21 Cell Wall Structure - rigid, porous structure outside of cell membrane, made of cellulose Functions - supports cell - protects cell from injury Cell Wall
22 Chloroplast Structure - oval with stacks inside, contain chlorophyll Functions - gives leaves green colour - absorb light energy - photosynthesis
23
24 Cytoplasm Lysosome Ribosome Rough ER (with ribosomes) Animal Cell Golgi Body Cell Membrane Mitochondria Vacuole Nucleus Smooth ER
25 Chloroplast Cell Wall Cell Membrane Vacuole Cytoplasm Plant Cell Ribosomes ER Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Mitochondria Golgi Body
26 Let s Review
27 Plant Both Animal Cell wall Chloroplast One large vacuole Square shape Golgi body Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Many small vacuoles Spherical shape Lysosome
28 Homework Read sections in your text & Review your notes Complete Review questions #1,2,3,5,6, & 9 on page 61
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