CHAPTER 9 & 10 MUSCLES AND MUSCLE TISSUE

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1 CHAPTER 9 & 10 MUSCLES AND MUSCLE TISSUE 2 Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue Overview of Muscle Tissue types of muscle: are all prefixes for muscle Contractility all muscles cells can Smooth & skeletal muscle cells are also called 3 I. Muscle Tissue. a. Only in the. b. Makes up most of the heart. c. Involuntary - no control. d. - has vertical, perpendicular throughout the tissue. e. Cells are w/ 1 or 2. f. Cells are and interconnected by an so they can t. g. Volume vs. 2% in skeletal muscle (chapter 18) 4. Figure: 18.11a & b page: II. Muscle. A. Found in. B.. C. no stripes III. Skeletal Muscle Tissue A. Muscles are packages of muscle tissue wrapped in fascia (CT), connecting one bone to another B. Voluntary: conscious control C. D. 1

2 6 Table 9.3; page 309 (physio actin/myosin -?) 7 Skeletal Muscle Gross Anatomy Muscles (organs) made up of tissues A. primary tissue B. vessels. 1. Enter near muscle. 2. Blood vessels when muscles & w/ muscle C. Individual muscles surrounded w/ that goes the muscle interior : ( ) outer layer of 2. : ( ) CT that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called 3. : ( ) thin, whispy CT surrounds individual /cells All sheaths are w/ one another 9 Fig. 9.1 pg Figure: 9.1b; page Continuous fascia sheets connect w/ of bone. A. : Epimysium to bone. B. Fascia extends beyond muscle to form rope-like or, sheet-like, 2

3 12 Muscular System - Chapter 10 Interactions between multiple skeletal muscles. Roles of muscles A. Prime mover/ : muscle(s) responsible for a at a joint 13 B. : responsible for movement. 1. Needs to be when prime mover is contracting. 2. role with action. 3. Best to have strength C. :. 1. /smooth out motion. a. force. b. Reduce. c. supraspinatus (rotator cuff) 14 D. : e muscles, bone of 1. specific type of synergistic muscle Review: Muscles attach to different bones across a joint. 1. One bone moves (usually distal). 2. Other bone stationary anchor 3

4 Fascicle Arrangement bundles of muscle fibers A. : of muscle tissue ie: obicularis oris/oculi, pyloric sphincter B. : of fibers to single tendon pectoralis major 15 C. : All fibers run. 1. strap like; sartorius. 2. fusiform: both ends taper down to tendons D. : Fasciles are attached to a long 16 fig pg Muscle naming criteria A. Muscle : Indicates name of its associated with ie: temporalis muscle temporalis bone; Intercostal muscle between ribs B. : ie: Deltoid - (G) Triangle; Orbicularis (l) round C. : ie: Gluteus maximus/gluteus minimus Big butt/little butt muscle D. : ie: Rectus abdominus, abdominal olbliques, abdominal transversus straight, angled, across/horizontal 4

5 18 E. : ie: biceps, triceps, quadriceps 2,3,4 points of bony attachment F. : Named according to and 1. named first 2. ie: Sternocleidomastoideus (SCM) originates on manubrium of sternum, and medial clavicle while it inserts on mastoid process of skull. G. : Name for adductor magnus, flexor digitorum CHAPTER 10 NOTES, MUSCULAR SYSTEM 2 Muscles of the face & head (Aponeurosis/Fascia: Flat, sheet-like tendon) Figure 10.6 page: 331 A. Epicranius Frontalis & Occipitalis 1. Word derivation a. Epi: (G) on top of b. Craniuss (L) Skull 2. Origin: Occipital bone 3. Insertion: skin/muscles around the eye 4. Action: raise eyebrows B. Obicularis oculi 1. Derivation: (L) circular/round & eye 2. O: Muscles near the mouth 3. I: Skin of the lips 4. A: closes and squints eye ( sphincter muscle) 3 Figure 10.6 page: 331 5

6 4 C. Obicularis oris 1. Oris (L) circular/mouth 2. O: Muscles near mouth 3. I: Skin of lips 4. A: Closes and puckers up lips (Sphincter) D. Temperallis - video 1. (L): side of head - temporalis bone 2. O: Temporal bone 3. I: Lateral surface of mandible 4. A: Closes jaw E. Zygomaticus 1. (G) Bar 2. O: Zygomatic bone 3. I: Obicularis oris 4. A: Raises corner of mouth (smile) 5 Figure 10.6 page: F. Bucinator - video 1. (L) Trumpeter 2. O: Outer surface of maxilla and mandible 3. I: Obicularis oris 4. A: Compresses cheeks inward and anchors obicularis oris G. Masseter - video 1. (G) Chew - masticate 2. O: Lower border of zygomatic arch 3. I: Lateral surface of mandible 4. A: Closes Closes jaw 6

7 7. Figure: 107a: pg H. Sternocleideomastoideus - SCM 1. origins & insertions 2. O: Sternum & clavicle (cliedeo, G-hook) 3. I: Mastoid process of temporal bone 4. A: singly- rotates neck, together- flexes neck I. Splenius capitus O: Spinous & transverse processes of lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae 3. I: Mastoid process 4. A: rotate neck and laterally flex the neck 9 Fig a; pg. 337 SCM 10 Fig. 10.9b : page 337 splenius capitis 11 J. Semispinalis capitus 1. semi = (origin ½ & ½) 2. O: Spinous & transverse processes of lower cervicals and upper thoracics 3. I:Occipital bone 4. A: Extend, laterally flex and rotate neck 12 Figure: 10.9 d page:339 Semispinalis capitis 13 Muscles of the pectoral girdle Posterior A. Trapezius 1. Shape: Trapazoid 7

8 2. O: Occipital bone, Spinous processes of cervical & thoracic spine 3. I: Clacical, spine and achromial process of scapula 4. A: Raises & rotates scapula (Upper, middle & lower fibers) B. Rhomboid major 1. Shape: Rhombid 2. O: Spinous processes of upper thoracics 3. I: Medial boarder of scapula 4. A: Raises & Adducts scapula 14 Fig c; page 348 trapezius & rhomboid 15 C. Levator Scapulae 1. Lifts Scapula 2. O: Transverse processes of C-spine 3. I: Margin(superior/medial) of scapula 4. A:raises & adducts scapula Pectoral girdle, anterior. D. Serratus anterior 1. (L) Saw toothed 2. O: Outer surface of upper ribs 3. I: ventral surface of upper ribs 4. A: Pulls scapula, anterior & down (inferior) 16 Fig c; page 348 levator scapulae 17 Figure: 10.13a; page: 347 serratus anterior 8

9 18 E. Pectoralis minor 1. (L) Chest 2. O: sternal (medial) ends of upper ribs 3. I: Vebtral surface of scapula 4. A: Pulls scapula anterior and down Rotator cuff muscles(sits) Fig b; page. 351 A. Supraspinatus 1. Superior to spine of scapula 2. O: Superior posterior aspect of scapula suprascapular fossa 3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: Initiates arm abduction first 15 degrees 19 Fig a; pg.347 pectoralis minor 20 Fig b; page. 351 supraspinatis 21 B. Infraspinatus 1. Derivation: Inferior to spine of scapula 2. O: Inferior scapular fossa 3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: Rotate upper arm externally C. Terres minor 1. (l) long and round -? 2. O: Lateral boarder of scapula 3. I: Greater tubercle of humerous 4. A: Prime mover: rotates arm internally/medially 9

10 22 Fig b; page. 351 infraspinatus & teres minor 23 D. Subscapularis 1. Underneath (anterior) side of scapula 2. O: Anterior surface of scapula 3. I: Lesser tubercle of humerous 4. A: prime mover - Rotates arm internally 24 Subscapularis* Fig d; pg Muscles of the glenohumeral joint shoulder/upper arm Anterior muscles A. Pectoralis major 1. Derivation: (l) Chest 2. O: Clavicle, sternum and cartilage of upper ribs 3. I: Intertrabecular grove of humerous 4. A: (Middle fibers)prime mover for upper arm adduction when shoulder is flexed (also flexes and extends upper arm) 26 Figure a; pg. 347 pectoralis major 27 B. Deltoid- 1. (l) triangular shape 2. O: Scapula, acromion process, scapular spine and clavicle 3. I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerous 4. A: Prime mover for upper arm abduction (middle fibers), also synergistic for flexion and extension of upper arm 28 figures a pgs. 347 deltoid anterior 29 figures 10.13c pgs 348 deltoid, posteror 10

11 30 Posterior muscles of the glenohumeral joint shoulder/upper arm C. Latisimus dorsi (lats) 1. lats/wings 2. O: Spinous processes of sacrum, lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae 3. I: Intertrabecular grove 4. A: Prime mover for upper arm adduction Muscles that move the elbow Fig a&b pages: 351 & 352 Anterior chamber 31 Fig b; pg. 251 latisssimus dorsi 32 A. Brachialis 1. (l) Arm 2. Origin: anterior distal anterior distal humerous 3. Insertion: coronoid process of ulna 4. Prime mover for flexion of forearm B. Biceps brachii 1. (l) arm & muscle has 2 heads 2. Origin: short head: coricoid process long head: glenoid tubercle & glenoid cavity (fossa) 3. Insertion: Radial tuberosity 4. Not a prime mover! Synergistic for forearm flexion and supination of forearm. of wrist 33 Figure: d; page 352 brachialis 11

12 34 Figure: c; page 352 Bicep brachii 35 Posterior Chamber of muscles moving elbow/lower arm A. Triceps brachii fig b 1. (l) three heads points of origin 2. Origin: Posterior head of humerous 3. Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna 4. A: Prime mover for lower arm (elbow) extension 36 Triceps brachii fig b page Muscles that move the thigh Originate somewhere on the pelvis and insert somewhere on the femur Anterior group: Fig. Function flex the thigh A. Iliopsoas prime mover Psoas major 1. O: Anterior lumbar vertebrae bodys, disc and transverse processes 2. I: Lesser trochanter B. Iliacus 1. O: Ilium anterior fossa 2. I: Lesser trochanter 38 Fig a; pg. 264 psoas major, iliacus 39 II. Posterior Group A. Gluteous maximus 1. gloutos (G) butt 2. O: Sacrum, coccyx, posterior surface of ilium 3. I: Posterior femur 4. A: Extension leg (hip) primemover 12

13 40 Fig a; page 366 gluteus maximus & medius B. Gluteus medius 1. gloutos (G) Buttock 2. O: Lateral surface of ilium 3. I: Greater trochanter 4. A: Abducts the hip (prime mover) & synergistc for medial rotation Trandelenburg gait & sign C. Gluteus minimus - Just remember there is one 43 D. Tensor fasciae latae 1. Starbucks 2. O: Anterior iliac crest 3. I: Iliotibial band (fascia to the knee) 4 A: Adducts and helps flex & medially rotate 44 Figure a; page 364 tensor fasciae latae 45 III. Adductor group pulls leg medially Five Muscles in group A. Adductor Magnus 1. Adducts and it s big 2. O: Ischial tuberosity 3. I: Posterior femur surface 4. A: Adducts prime mover, helps extend and rotate hip laterally Four others that are synergistic 13

14 Fig b; page Fig b; page 364 adductors/adductor magnus 47 Muscles that move the lower leg/knee I. Hamstring group Posterior leg Lower leg flexors (prime movers) and upper leg extensors A. Bicep femoris 1. Two heads for origin 2. O: Ischial tuberosity & posterior femur surface 3. I: Head of fibula & lateral tibial condyle 4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh B. Semitendinosus 1.? 2. O: Ischial tuberosity & posterior femur surface 3. I: Medial tibial surface 4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh 48 C. Semimembranous 1.?: 2. O: Ischial tuberosity 3. I: Medial tibia condyle 4. A: Flex lower leg & extend thigh 49 Fig a ; pg. 367 Hamstrings 14

15 50 Anterior Leg Quadriceps Lower leg/knee extensors - four A. Rectus femoris 1. Straight muscle fibers on femur 2. O: Anterior Spine of ilium and acetabulum 3. I: Patelar tendon 4. A: Extends lower leg B. Vastus lateralis 1. lateral 2. O: Greater trochanter 3. I: patellar tendon 4. A: extends lower leg 51 C. Vastus medialis 1. D: Medial location 2. O: greater trochanter of femur 3. I: patellar tendon 4. A: Extends lower leg D. Vastus lateralis 1. D: lateral location 2. O: Greater trochanter 3. I: Patellar tendon 4.A: Extends lower leg 52 Fig ; pg. 364 Quadriceps 53 A. Sartorius 1. Tailor s muscle longest muscle 2. O: Anterior superior iliac spine 3. I: Medial surface of medial surface of tibia 15

16 4. A: Multiple synergistic actions: (goes across two joints) Flexes leg & thigh, abducts & rotates thigh laterally & rotates lower leg medially Go back 16