PRETEST - BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONS

Transcription

1 1 PRETEST - BRAIN AND ITS FUNCTIONS 1. What is the largest structure in the brain and is also the site of higher forms of thinking? 2. Name the front of the brain. These lobes are used for planning for the future, scheduling, and short- term memory. 3. Name the lobes located above the corpus callosum, and in front of occipital Lobes, and located behind frontal lobe. These are the sensory lobes that are responsible for taste, smell, temperature, and texture. 4. These lobes are located in the back of brain above cerebellum. Their role is for vision. 5. Name the lobes that are located on the temples and beneath the frontal lobes. They are responsible for hearing and long- term memory. 6. Name a large band of the inner part of the brain that connects the right and left hemispheres and carries messages between them. 7. What system of loosely interconnected structures is involved with emotions, long term and short- term memory? 8. What is the region of the limbic system that has to do with cognitive thinking, reasoning, and decision- making? "Do I go with it, or am I stuck?"

2 2 9. What are the two bulbs of the brain that evaluate sensory information to determine its importance and what the experiences the brain should store? They also have to do with being sociable. 10. Name the region of the brain in the limbic system that allows the formation and storage of new memories by abridging them into long- term memories for memory recall. 11. What is the inter- region of the brain, including the, hypothalamus, portion of the, and. 12. It acts as a switchboard operator in that it the principal relay station for sensory impulses entering the brain & voluntary motor impulses traveling out. 13. It controls the endocrine activity, body temp, food and water intake through the autonomic nervous system. 14. What endocrine gland is known as the "master" hormone gland, and synthesizes, stores and secretes major hormones? 15. What does Epithalamus help the pineal gland secrete? 16. What gland receives input from the retina, produces melatonin and regulates circadian rhythms of the body? 17. What are the 4 autonomic centers of the brain?

3 3 18. What is the name of the small brain in the back of the big brain and right below occipital lobe? It coordinates controls balance, and coordination of movement and fine motor skills. 19. What system produces cerebral spinal fluid, which bathes and cushions the brain and spinal cord for protection? 20. These 4 areas of the brain are responsible for producing CSF. 21. This provides buoyancy and support to the brain against gravity without resting the brain on the floor of the cranium, which would destroy nervous tissue. 22. What acts as the brain and spinal cord lymphatic and immune systems? 23. Name the extension of the spinal cord which houses structures that control functions associated with survival, such as breathing, swallowing, vomiting, urination, and orgasm. 24. Name the upper part of the brain stem above that integrates sensory information and relays it upward to the brain. 25. Name the part of the brain stem that bridges the cerebrum & cerebellum by relaying information to and from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain. It regulates sleeping, walking and dreaming. 26. Name the part of the brainstem, which controls autonomic reflexes such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure, smooth muscles for digestion etc.

4 4 PRETEST NERVOUS SYSTEM 27. What system is a network of billions of cells in the brain and the body, that is responsible for all aspects of what we feel, think, and do, and coordinates its voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals between different parts of its body? 28. What portion of the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord? 29. What part of the central nervous system includes all the higher nervous centers? 30. What paired nerves emerge directly from the and the, where information is exchanged between the brain and various regions, primarily of the head and neck? 31. How many pair of cranial nerves are there? 32. Name the 12 cranial nerves. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.

5 5 33. Responsible for ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular responses. 34. Moves tongue from side to side. 35. Responsible for smell. 36. Responsible for facial expressions. 37. Responsible for oblique eye movement. 38. Responsible for hearing and balance. 39. Responsible for 4 major muscles of the eyeball and restriction of the pupil. 40. Responsible for taste and swallowing. 41. Responsible for visual side to side. 42. Known as the "wanderer" because it leaves the cranium and is responsible for Parasympathetic innervation of organs. 43. Responsible for external rectus eye movement up and down. 44. Responsible for motor output to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

6 6 45. How many pairs of spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord? 46. How many pairs of cervical nerves are there? 47. How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there? 48. How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there? 49. How many pairs of sacral nerves are there? 50. What are the free nerve endings called that extend past the L2 vertebrae? 51. What type of information do ascending tracts in the spinal cord carry? 52. What type of information do descending tracts in the spinal cord carry? 53. Name the rapid signal in the spine that bypasses the higher brain centers for a reduced response time. 54. The horse tail- like collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord is called the what? 55. What system receives information about what is happening inside and outside your body? 56. What is the name of the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord that enables nerves to connect to the central nervous system with muscles, organs and glands?

7 7 57. What are the five sensory nerves referred to as special sensory nerves? 58. What part of the peripheral nervous system transmits sensory signals and motor signals between the central nervous system and the skin; controls the skeletal muscles, and joints? 59. This system opposes the somatic nervous system and automatically regulates the body's internal movements such as the smooth muscles, heart, and glands. It is also a part of the peripheral nervous system. And this part transmits sensory signals and motor signals between the central nervous system and the body s glands and internal organs. 60. The somatic systems controls and the autonomic nervous system controls. 61. This system is a branch of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for helping to regulate a variety of body functions, including heart rate, breathing, sweating, and digestion. It increases heart rate, respiration, and perspiration to ready our body for "flight or flight". 62. This system branch of the autonomic nervous system and is responsible for slowing the body's functions to allow processes such as digestion to occur. Also known as "rest and digest".

8 8 63. Name the type of neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands. 64. Name the type of neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery. 65. This is the process by which ATP is used to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions back into the cell; completely restoring the resting conditions of the neuron. 66. What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system? 67. What organs are included in the CNS? 68. What organs are included in the PNS? 69. What 2 divisions are the PNS divided into? 70. What portion of the PNS is under conscious control? 71. What portion of the PNS is under unconscious control?

9 9 72. What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic system?