Cranial Nerve I Name: Foramen: Fiber Type: Function: Branches: Embryo:
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1 Cranial Nerve I Olfactory nerve Cribiform plate Special sensory Olfactory bulbs, Smell Olfactory filaments CNS (ectoderm) cribiform plate sensory =
2 Cranial Nerve II Other: Optic nerve Optic canal Special sensory Retina, vision None Diencephalon Optic chiasm is in front of pituitary optic chiasm optic tract optic nerve sensory =
3 Cranial Nerve III Oculomotor Superior orbital fissure General somatic motor, Parasympathetic General somatic motor: 1. superior rectus 2. levator palpebrae superioris 3. medial rectus 4. inferior rectus 5. inferior oblique Parasympathetic 1. sphincter pupillae 2. ciliary muscle 1. superior branch 2. inferior branch Mesencephalon to levator palpebrae superioris to superior rectus sup. orbital fissure sup. branch inf. branch to medial rectus ciliary ganglion short ciliary to inferior oblique to inferior rectus motor =
4 Cranial Nerve IV Trochlear Superior orbital fissure General somatic motor General somatic motor: 1. superior oblique muscular Mesencephalon sup. orbital fissure to sup. oblique motor =
5 Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal V1: sup. orbital fissure V2: rotundum V3: ovale General somatic motor, General somatic sensory Embryo Metencephalon V1 - ophthalmic 1. meningeal 2. frontal 3. lacrimal 4. nasociliary V2 - maxillary 1. meningeal 2. infraorbital 3. post/ant superior alveolar 4. zygomatic 5. sensory roots to pterygopalatine ganglion 6. greater/lesser palatine V3 - mandibular 1. meningeal 2. auriculotemporal 3. buccal 4. lingual 5. inferior alveolar V1 - ophthalmic (sensory) 1. meninges 2. orbit (cornea conjuctiva) 3. nasal cavity lining 4. forehead 5. middle nose 6. frontal air sinuses V2 - maxillary (sensory) 1. meninges 2. maxillary air sinus 3. gums/teeth of upper jaw 4. bony part of cheek V3 - mandibular (sensory) 1. meninges 2. mucosa of oral cavity/palate 3. ant. 2/3 of tongue (general) 4. gums/teeth of lower jaw 5. soft part of cheek/mandible V3 - mandibular (motor) 1. masseter 2. buccinator }muscles of mastication 3. lateral pterygoid 4. medial pterygoid 5. tensor tympani 6. tensor palatini 7. mylohyoid 8. ant. belly of digastric
6 lingual Dan Kirshenbaum BUSM Class of Gross Anatomy 2007 Cranial Nerve V (cont...) supratrochlear supraorbital superficial temporal branches V1 sup. orb. fissure lacrimal frontal nasociliary post/ant ethmoidal supraorbital infratrochlear trig. gang. V2 rotundum ciliary gang. ovale to tensor tympani auriculotemporal V3 otic gang. to tensor veli palatini maxillary lesser palatine pterygopalatine gang. greater palatine zygomatic infraorbital superior alveolar branches infraorbital infraorbital parotid branches inferior alveolar buccal chorda tympani mandibular mental submandibular gang. to mylohyoid to anterior belly of digastric motor to skeletal muscles = parasymp. motor to cardiac and smooth muscle = sensory (afferent) = to mylohyoid
7 Cranial Nerve VI Abducens Superior orbital fissure General somatic motor General somatic motor: 1. lateral rectus None Metencephalon sup. orbital fissure to lateral rectus motor =
8 Cranial Nerve VII Facial Internal acoustic meatus Special sensory General sensory Branchiomotor Parasympathetic motor Branchiomotor: 1. muscles of facial expression 2. post. belly of digastric 3. stylohyoid Special sensory: 1. taste ant. 2/3 of the tongue General sensory: 1. skin of auricle 2. skin of small area behind ear Parasympathetic: 1. lacrimal gland 2. submandibular gland 3. sublinguial gland 4. mucous membranes of nasopharynx, hard and soft palate Branchiomotor: 1. temporal 2. zygomatic 3. buccal 4. mandibular 5. cervical 6. post. auricular 7. branch to post. belly of digastric 8. stylohyoid Metencephalon
9 Cranial Nerve VII (cont...) temporal branches internal aucostic meatus geniculate gang. hiatus of facial canal greater petrosal zygomatic branches maxillary lacrimal gland lacrimal to stapedius lacerum pterygoid canal nerve of pter. canal auricular branch chorda tympani pterygopalatine gang. buccal branches stylomastoid cervical branch mandibular branch anterior 2/3 of tongue to post. belly of digastric muscle sublingual gland submandibular ganglion motor to skeletal muscles = parasymp. motor to cardiac and smooth muscle = sensory (afferent) = submandibular gland
10 Cranial Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear Internal acoustic meatus Special sensory Special sensory 1. hearing 2. balance None Metencephalon internal acoustic meatus vestibular cochlear sensory (afferent) =
11 Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal Jugular Special sensory General sensory Branchiomotor Parasympathetic Special/general sensory 1. taste to post. 1/3 of tongue 2. pharynx 3. carotid sinus 4. carotid body Branchiomotor 1. stylopharyngeus Parasympathetic 1. parotid gland None Myencephalon
12 Cranial Nerve IX (cont...) jugular lesser petrosal superior ganglion inferior ganglion tympanic tympanic plexus parotid ganglion ovale otic ganglion to stylopharyngeus to tonsils carotid branch pharyngeal branch post. 1/3 of tongue glossopharyngeal to pharynx common carotid motor to skeletal muscles = parasymp. motor to cardiac and smooth muscle = sensory (afferent) =
13 Cranial Nerve X Vagus Jugular General sensory Visceral sensory Special sensory Branchiomotor Parasympathetic Sensory 1. larynx mucosa 2. epiglottic taste Motor 1. pharynx 2. larynx 3. soft palate 4. upper 2/3 of esophagus (for speech/swallowing) Parasympathetic 1. Preganglionic fiber to thoracic and abdominal smooth muscle, viscera, glands None Myencephalon motor =
14 Cranial Nerve X (cont...) jugular cranial root of XI superior ganglion soft palate inferior ganglion pharyngeal branch superior pharyngeal constrictor carotid sinus superior laryngeal inferior laryngeal middle pharyngeal constrictor pharyngeal constrictors external laryngeal cricothyroid muscle larynx recurrent laryngeal common carotid artery lung branches cardiac branches small intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, colon, left colic flexure motor to skeletal muscles = parasymp. motor to cardiac and smooth muscle = sensory (afferent) =
15 Cranial Nerve XI Spinal accessory Jugular Motor Motor 1. sternocleidomastoid 2. trapezius Muscular Certical spine CN X cranial XI jugular magnum spinal XI sternocleidomastoid muscle motor to skeletal muscles = sensory (afferent) = trapezius muscle
16 Cranial Nerve XII Hypoglossal Hypoglossal canal General somatic motor General somatic motor: 1. All tongue muscles except palatoglossus None Myencephalon CN XII C1 hypoglossal canal styloglossus hyoglossus genioglossus geniohyoid motor = thyrohyoid
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