Pear Rootstock and Deficit Irrigation Trial

Transcription

1 Final Rport Projct titl: PI: Organization: Cooprator: Par Roottock and Dficit Irrigation Trial Tom Auvil Wahington Tr Fruit Rarch Commiion Randy Smith, Cahmr Adviory Committ: Bob Gix, Blu Star Randy Smith, Cahmr Frd Valntin, Stmilt Growr, Inc. Tim Smith, WSU Cooprativ Extnion Chri Ptr, WTFRC Commiionr Objctiv: Compar prformanc of OHxF, 69, 87, 97 with cion variti Bartltt, Goldn Rut Boc and Anjou. Compar prformanc uing thr irrigation tratmnt targting oil moitur lvl of 70, 80 and 90% of fild capacity. Ovrviw: Th projct wa initiatd in 1992 and plantd in 1996 to invtigat two iu: 1) impact of irrigation managmnt, and 2) if any of th roottock offr an conomic advantag. Th trial it wa thoroughly tratd for rplant iu (ph, compaction, fumigation ulfur). Soil typ i loam / ilt loam. Th irrigation ytm i microprinklr, with on maxijt pr tr. Th firt yar had irrigation challng followd by vry havy now which trippd limb off th tr. Th block had bloom in 1999 (fourth laf) which wr killd by a lat pring frz. Th firt harvt wa in 0, th fifth laf. Th xtraordinary vnt impdd th ability to valuat prcocity of roottock. Today, th block ha a vry uniform canopy capabl of utaining to 50 bin pr acr yild of 90 count and largr fruit. Significant finding: Roottock cion prformanc Gnral Conluion: Planting dniti of 0 to 600 tr pr acr, traind in an ax format (cntral ladr, with diciplind rmoval of larg limb) can maintain production of uprior yild of targt fruit. Th roottock ffct i mot pronouncd in th firt fiv yar of th planting and diminih a th canopy fill it allottd pac. Ax planting ytm can improv production fficinci by bing abl to utilizing nwr pray application tchnologi and mobil work platform. Highr dnity planting can produc ignificant yild in th fourth laf. OHxF roottock, 69, 87, 97 with Boc, Bartltt and Anjou ar uccful in high dnity ax ytm. Roottock pcific concluion: OHxF 87: 1. i mor prcociou than th othr tock. 2. hould b plantd at highr dniti than othr roottock. 3. can ovr-crop and bcom tuntd. 4. can produc mallr fruit. Managmnt practic (pruning, thinning and nutrition) can mitigat fruit iz iu.

2 OHxF 97: 1. i mor vigorou 2. i mor uitabl to lowr vigor it and/or lowr vigor cultivar. Scion pcific concluion Anjou: Cntral ladr of young tr on OHxF 87 can crop havily, inducing th cntral ladr to bnd out of poition or brak. Fruit thinning can minimiz th problm. Fruit tnd to t in doubl and tripl with OHxF 87. Dtail pruning on wll dvlopd pur ytm and additional frtilizr may b ndd to grow larg fruit. OHxF 87 with vigorou variti uch a Anjou may com into commrcial production on to two yar arlir than OHxF 69 or 97. Tabl 1: Anjou production valu by roottock for 0 crop 0 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca b 1898b 90ab 58b 119b b 59c 0.b 87 18a 3998a 96a 115a 250a 41a 61b 0.85a b 1697b 87b 54b 106b 19b 65a 0.38b Tabl 2: Anjou production valu by roottock for 1 crop 1 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca b 3344n 81n 113b 9n b 73n 0.71n a a 235 a a a 232 a Tabl 3: Anjou production valu by roottock for 2 crop 2 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca n 2811n 83n 93n 176n 36n 86n 0.49n Tabl 4: Anjou production valu by roottock for 3 crop 3 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca n 3046n 70n 123n 196n n 101n 0.55n Tabl 5: Anjou production valu by roottock for 4 crop 4 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca n 3558n 74n 132n 222n 47n 1n 0.50n

3 Anjou Cumulativ Yild Bin/A OHxF 69 OHxF 87 OHxF 97 '4 '3 '2 '1 '0 Boc: Th bt prforming roottock ar OHxF 69 and 87. OHxF i not prforming wll with Boc. Fruit iz i xcllnt (pak iz 70 ) acro all roottock. Tabl 6: Boc production valu by roottock for 0 crop 0 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 858n 1823b 93b 54n 114b 25n 42n 0.58b ab 94b ab a a 101a a a ab 91b 70 1ab ab Tabl 7: Boc production valu by roottock for 1 crop 1 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 1055b 1810n 75n 66b 113n 31b 56n 0.53b a a a a ab ab 1 39ab ab ab ab ab ab Tabl 8: Boc production valu by roottock for 2 crop 2 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 933b 16b 76n 58b 101b 27b 74n 0.36b 69 15a 73a 76 75a 129a 35a a a 2179a 77 78a 136a 37a a b 1600b 70 63b 100b 30b b Tabl 9: Boc production valu by roottock for 3 crop 3 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 1377b 2354n 75a 86b 147n 41b 83n 0.47n a b 107a a ab b 97ab ab ab b 96ab 157 ab

4 Tabl 10: Boc production valu by roottock for 4 crop 4 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 1226n 2369n 86n 77n 148n 36n 115n 0.30n Boc Cumulativ Yild Bin/A OHxF OHxF 69 OHxF 87 OHxF 97 '4 '3 '2 '1 '0 Bartltt No roottock how ignificantly uprior prformanc, but OHxF and 69 produc mor pound, bttr fruit numbr and bttr fruit iz. OHxF 87 conitntly ha mallr fruit. Tabl 11: Bartltt production valu by roottock for 0 crop 0 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 1339n 3336n 110ab 84n 8n 39n a 0.84n b a a b ab ab 0.71 Tabl 12: Bartltt production valu by roottock for 1 crop 1 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 17n 2351n 72n 90n 147n 42n 62a 0.66ab a 0.67ab b 0.73a ab 0.58b Tabl 13: Bartltt production valu by roottock for 2 crop 2 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 1330n 25n 84ab 86n 163n 41n 70a 0.56n ab a a b b a 0.59

5 Tabl 14: Bartltt production valu by roottock for 3 crop 3 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 1194n 2260n 81n 75n 141n 35n 76ab 0.44n a b ab 0.48 Tabl 15: Bartltt production valu by roottock for 4 crop 4 Pound ParNo Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca 1533n 2380n 68b 96n 149n n 89ab 0.49n b a a b b a 0.53 Bartltt Cumulativ Yild Bin/A OHxF OHxF 69 OHxF 87 OHxF 97 '4 '3 '2 '1 '0 Significant finding: Irrigation In 3, fruit iz dclind with volum of irrigation applid; a imilar, but wakr trnd wa obrvd in 4. Fruit ugar wr ignificantly highr in fruit from tr grown with l watr in both aon. Irrigation tchnology i availabl to improv application fficincy. Vry uniform application of watr allow mor manipulation of oil moitur lvl with l rik to th crop. With xcllnt irrigation application fficincy, (no rain hadow or wt pot) par may b grown uccfully with l than 24 inch of irrigation pr acr compard to tandard application of 30 to inch.

6 Tabl 16: Anjou production valu by irrigation tratmnt for 3 3 Pound # Par Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca % Cork % Brix Firmn 70% 1654n 3149n 84a 105n 199n 37n 99n 0.48n 13n 14.3a 14.8n 80% ab a % b b 15.2 Tabl 17: Anjou production valu by irrigation tratmnt for 4 4 Pound # Par Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca % Cork % Brix Firmn 70% 83n 37n 80a 130n 234n 46n 111n 0.53n 1.2n 13.9a 16.0n 80% ab a % b b 15.9 Tabl 18: Boc production valu by irrigation tratmnt for 3 3 Pound # Par 70% Lb/Tr Par/Tr 1551n 2998a 85a 97n 187a Bin/A 46n Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca % Brix 84n 0.52n 80% a 78b a % b 72c b Tabl 19: Boc production valu by irrigation tratmnt for 4 4 Pound # Par 70% 14n Lb/Tr Par/Tr 2789n 86a 90n 174n Bin/A 42n Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca % Brix 103n 0.n 80% b % ab Firmn 13.9 a 16.4a 12.8 b 16.0a 12.2 c 15.2b Firmn 13.1 a 15.5a 12.0 b 14.7ab 12.1 b 14.3b Tabl : Bartltt production valu by irrigation tratmnt for 3 3 Pound # Par Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca % Brix 70% 1063b 2100b 87a 66b 131b 31b 71n 0.a 80% 1305a 2475a 84ab 82a 155a 38a b 2194a 0.48a 90% 1266a b 76b 79a 137ab 37a 75 b Tabl 21: Bartltt production valu by irrigation tratmnt for 4 4 Pound # Par 70% 1527n Lb/Tr Par/Tr Bin/A 27n 71n 95n 152n n Tca(cm 2 ) Kg/tca % Brix 83b 0.52n 80% ab % a 0.52 Firmn 13.1 a 18.4a 12.4 b 17.8b 11.9 c 17.5b Firmn 12.4 a 17.4n 11.6 b b 17.1

7 Acknowldgmnt: Randy Smith, Frd Valntin, Bob Gix, Chri Ptr and Tim Smith hav providd ladrhip and upport of thi projct inc Mik Davi and th Randy Smith farm crw hav mad thi projct poibl. WTFRC taff: Flip Catillo, Mark Aldrich, Sandy Ston and Tory Schmidt hav contributd to thi projct.