Teacher s Hourly Wages: A Comparison Across Michigan Schools and Alternative Occupations

Transcription

1 Policy Rport 24 Ju, 2005 achr Wag: A Compario Acro Michiga School Altrativ Occupatio Dbbi Harri, Sior Rarch Aociat Maria BuriaFitzgrald, Rarch Aociat h Educatio Policy Ctr at Michiga Stat Uivrity Ovrviw: Wh tachr alari ar dicud, two vry diffrt pictur t mrg. h firt th portray tachr a udrpaid, ovrworkd rvat th public good. h cod pait a pictur a ovrpaid group civil rvat who pd vry littl tim actually workig. A w might xpct, rality i omwhr btw th two xtrm. hi rport look at Michiga tachr alari. Firt, w look at tachr alari om th factor affctig thir alari withi th tat. Nxt, w tralat tho alari ito hourly trm to accout th t moth work chdul tachr th amout tim thy pd actually workig ach wk. Fially, w compar th actual hourly arig tachr with om othr prio. W will how that Michiga tachr grally ar comptitiv hourly alari wh compard to alari paid i prio with imilar ducatioal rquirmt but that thi vari dpdig o tur i tachig th typ chool whr thy tach. Scodary chool tachr, tho i chartr chool, tho i rural ara td to ar l o a hourly bai tha othr tachr with imilar xpric lvl. hi rport u data from vral ourc. achr alary workday lgth imatio i bad o th Natioal Ctr Educatioal Statitic (NCES) School Staffig Survy th chool yar. h rpo almot 1,000 fulltim Michiga traditioal chartr public chool tachr ar icludd i th aalyi. 1 achr total compatio iclud thir ba tachig alary th acadmic yar, a wll a additioal icom from th chool ytm xtracurricular or additioal activiti uch a coachig, tudt activity poorhip, or tachig vig cla ay othr icom from chool ourc, uch a a mrit pay bou or tat upplmt. It do ot iclud ay icom ard tachig ummr chool or from ay ochool job. achr ar groupd accordig to thir total tachig xpric. h ovrall rult avrag tachr alari brak tachr xpric lvl ito ight group, but om xpric group wr combid i ubqut aaly du to mall ampl iz. Etimat th

2 avrag umbr day that tachr ar cotractually rquird to work od th tudt chool yar wr providd Ruth Bir, a labor coomit mployd th Michiga Educatio Aociatio. arig workr outid th tachig prio ar bad o th Burau Labor Statitic Natioal Compatio Survy th yar Sctio O: How much do tachr ar? h avrag alary Michiga tachr i $48,214, but thr ar larg diffrc i alari btw withi ditrict. Salari ar grally t at th ditrict lvl, or at th chool lvl i chartr public chool. Mot ditrict hav a pay cal bad o ducatio lvl xpric. A how i abl 1, th avrag tartig ba alary Michiga tachr i jut ovr $30,300. Som tachr rciv additioal choolrlatd icom coachig, facilitatig tudt activiti, or participatig i chool activiti. Icom from th additioal activiti rai th avrag tartig alary tachr with a bachlor dgr to about $30,800. Ba alari icra a tachr gai xpric. achr ar alo paid mor arig acadmic dgr od th bachlor. h avrag Michiga tachr ha 15.8 xpric 55 prct Michiga tachr hav at lat a matr dgr. O avrag, tachr with a matr dgr ar about $10,000 mor tha thir collagu with imilar xpric lvl, but o advacd dgr. hi pattr i ot urpriig a virtually all Michiga traditioal chool ditrict hav tablihd alary chdul i which ba tachr alari ar dtrmid thir xpric th acadmic crdit thy accumulat. 3 Mor xpricd tachr grally ar mor additioal choolrlatd icom tha ovic. hi i probably du to vral factor. h firt i that tachr with mor xpric ar mor likly to hav b tachig wh a good xtracurricular match to thir itrt talt bcom availabl. For xampl, a w tachr with th ability to coach wimmig abl 1. Schoolrlatd alari fulltim tachr, hight dgr ard xpric B achlor' Dgr Matr' Dgr High r Yar Expric xpric Ba Pay ota otal 2 Ba Pa y C ompatio ota otal Compatio ompatio 1 $ 30,374 $ 30,843 # # 2 3 $ 31,620 $ 32,939 $ 42,487 $42, $ 34,751 $ 36,006 $ 39,715 $40, $ 35,194 $ 36,500 $ 43,379 $44, $ 42,556 $ 43,193 $ 44,883 $46, $ 41,404 $ 43,188 $ 51,640 $52, $ 50,792 $ 52,505 $ 54,028 $54, $ 50,469 $ 51,249 $ 61,121 $63,250 # Etimat upprd du to cofidtiality cocr mall ampl iz. Fw firt yar tachr bgi tachig with a matr' dgr.

3 abl 2. Avrag choolrlatd alari fulltim t tachr, chartr tatu xpric raditioal Public Chartr Publi c 1 yar $ 31,457 $ 29, $ 33,608 $ 31, $ 37,736 $ 33,125 at lat 20 xpric ar mor tha $24,000 mor tha chartr chool tachr with th am lvl xpric. h gap wid maily bcau th avrag chartr chool pay mallr icra additioal xpric advacd dgr tha th avrag traditioal public chool $ 43,529 $ 33, $ 51,517 $ 35, or mor $ 60,418 $ 36,220 or ch will b uabl to do o if th poitio i alrady filld. Ovr tim, turovr will op up th poitio. Mor xpricd tachr ar alo abl to hl poitio uch a coordiatig prioal dvlopmt withi th chool that ovic do ot yt hav th kill to maag. Fially, ovic alo may b uabl to tak o may additioal rpoibiliti bcau thy ar till proccupid thir baic acadmic rpoibiliti. Whil additioal pay may b appalig, w tachr ar t ot abl to maag ay mor tha thy ar alrady doig. abl 3. Avrag alari may mak importat alary diffrc btw chool, which may i tur ifluc th qualificatio bhavior tachr i tho chool. abl 2 compar th avrag alari tachr i traditioal public chartr chool. h avrag ovic i a chartr public chool ar almot $2,000 l tha hi or hr traditioal public chool coutrpart. hi gap wid coidrably ovr tim. achr i traditioal public chool with Salary diffrc ar alo appart wh w look at th typ commuity i which a chool i locatd (abl 3). achr i rural or mall tow commuiti coittly ar lowr alari tha tho i urba or uburba ara. hi diffrc i mall arly i a tachr carr, but it grow a tachr gai mor xpric. Oly a mall part thi diffrc i du to th lowr liklihood a rural tachr arig a matr dgr. Rural tachr with matr dgr ar l tha thir urba uburba coutrpart, a do tho with oly bachlor dgr. h lowr alari i rural ara may b ft a lowr cot livig, particularly ovic tachr. O Avrag choolrlatd alari fulltim t tachr, urbaicity xpric Ctral City Urba Frig / Larg ow Rural / Small l ow ow 1 yar $ 31,945 $ 31,636 # 23 $ 34,846 $ 33,574 $31, $ 37,476 $ 38,684 $33, $ 39,082 $ 45,174 $38, $ 54,078 $ 52,639 $46, or mor $ 57,870 $ 64,203 $51,528 # Etimat upprd du to cofidtiality cocr rlatd to mall ampl iz.

4 th othr h, th icraig alary gap may courag rural tachr to mov to uburba job, whr faibl, a thy gai xpric. h vidc i mor mixd about whthr tachr i urba or uburba ara ar highr alari. Cotrary to covtioal widom, it do ot appar that uburba tachr coittly ar highr alari tha thir urba coutrpart. Early i thir carr tachr may b abl to ar lightly mor i ctral city ditrict, but thi advatag largly diappar a thy gai xpric. achr with or mor xpric grally ar mor i uburba chool tha tho i th ctral city. Wh alary diffrc ar aalyzd th prct tudt i a chool who ar ligibl fr or rducdpric luch, th pattr chag a tachr gai mor xpric (abl 4). Novic tachr grally ar lightly highr alari i high povrty chool. A thy gai xpric, prumably, xprti th diffrtial rvr. Mor xpricd tachr grally ar lowr alari i high povrty chool. hi may b cotributig to th problm high povrty chool fac i rtaiig thir mor xpricd tachr. abl 4. Avrag choolrlatd alari t tachr, prct tudt ligibl fr r ducdpric luch xpric r # 0 10 Prc rct Prc rct Prc rct 13 $ 32,194 $ 31,797 $ 33, $ 43,004 $ 40,249 $ 38, $ 55,588 $ 48,644 $ 50, or mor $ 65,044 $ 59,842 $ 54,780 0 # Som xpric lvl group wr combid du to cofidtiality cocr rlatd to mall ampl iz. Polici that hav coctratd o frig igig bou raiig iitial alari i high povrty chool may imply b urig that th chool rv a raoably wllpaid traiig groud tachr who latr mov to lowr povrty chool that pay a gratr prmium xpricd tachr. Wh w look at alary diffrc rlatd to th prct miority tudt i a chool, th pattr i imilar to th o obrvd abov wh w lookd at tudt povrty. Sic Michiga childr color ar mor likly to b ligibl fr rducd luch tha thir whit coutrpart (corrlatio =.67), thi i ot urpriig. Rlativly ixpricd tachr ar abl to ar mor if thy tach i chool with a high prctag miority tudt. A th tachr gai xpric, howvr, thy hav a fiacial ictiv to mov to chool with fwr miority tudt. h movmt tachr from chool with mor miority tudt to tho with fwr miority tudt may ot b caud thi fiacial ictiv alo, but th alary diffrc uggt that chool with high proportio miority tudt may fac a uphill truggl i rtaiig tachr. Sctio wo: How much do tachr ar pr hour? Drawig cocluio about appropriat tachr alary fulltim or lvl i difficult bcau it i uclar how tachr alari hould b compard to 70 t > 70 Prc rct $ 34,72 $ 38,73 $ 52,22 $ 57,23 alari i comparabl job. Wh tachr alari ar dicud, policymakr omtim aum that tachr oly work i moth out th yar work fwr hour ach wk durig th chool yar tha othr collg graduat. hi i miladig. achr may b cotractually rquird to work oly 36 hour

5 ach wk, but i fact th avrag tachr work 45 hour ach wk. 5 achr t put i vral hour aftr th chool day i ovr prparig th xt day lo, gradig papr, mtig with part, coachig, uprviig tudt activiti. h avrag Michiga tachr work 183 itructioal day ach yar. h ar day wh th tudt ar attdig chool. hi vari omwhat ditrict. I additio, tachr ar cotractually obligatd to work vral additioal day wh tudt ar ot prt. Som thi i tim matory rcordkpig activiti, whil othr day ar rquird to ur that tachr participat i prioal dvlopmt activiti. O avrag, Michiga tachr work approximatly lv additioal day ach yar. 6 For a tachr with mor tha thr xpric, th avrag i i additioal day four rcordkpig day fiv prioal dvlopmt day. Novic tachr ar rquird to participat i fiv additioal prioal dvlopmt day, brigig thir avrag to thirt day. W computd tachr hourly alari dividig thir total choolrlatd aual icom (which t iclud compatio coachig othr activiti) th approximat umbr hour workd ach yar. W calculatd th umbr hour workd multiplyig th umbr hour that tachr rport workig ach wk th umbr day that thy ar cotractually obligatd to work. (hi timat do ot iclud tim that tachr choo to pd o prioal dvlopmt activiti od thir rquird day.) For xampl, th avrag firt yar tachr had a itructioal day that wa 6.6 hour log rportd workig a additioal 15.7 hour ach wk outid th rgular chool day. h avrag firt yar tachr thu workd 49.1 hour pr wk. W multiplid th hour workd pr wk th umbr wk that tachr work. O avrag, firt yar tachr workd itructioal day, or 36.4 wk. W th addd th 128 hour prioal dvlopmt activiti i which firt yar tachr ar rquird to participat. h typical firt yar tachr thu work 1915 hour pr yar. W dividd th avrag firt yar alary $31,323 th total hour workd, givig u a hourly wag $16.67 bgiig tachr. h avrag Michiga tachr ar $24 pr hour, but thi vari coidrably. O ourc variatio i xpric (abl 5). Firtyar tachr ar l tha $17 pr hour. A tachr gai xpric, thir hourly alary icra. achr with 20 xpric or mor ar ovr $36 pr hour, mor tha twic th amout that ovic ar. h low hourly alari ard ovic may b couragig thm to lav tachig arly i thir carr if altrativ opportuiti with largr horttrm rward bcom availabl. Aalyzig tachr hourly alary chartr tatu agai highlight th alary diffrtial traditioal public chartr chool tachr. Firtyar tachr i traditioal public chartr chool ar imilar hourly wag, but largr xpric icra tachr i traditioal public abl 5. Avrag hourly alary full t tim tachr, xpric 1 yar $ $ $ $ $29.34 Salary 20 or mor $36.53

6 chool lad to larg dipari abl 6. ti i hourly pay mor chartr xpricd tachr (abl 6). O avrag, tachr i chartr public chool with 19 yar xpric ar oly $2,000 mor tha tho with 3 four xpric. I additio to lowr ovrall 5 alari, chartr public chool 9 tachr td to work logr hour tha thir traditioal 019 public chool coutrpart. hi wid th hourly alary 0 or gap btw traditioal chartr chool tachr v mor. Giv thi gap, it i ot urpriig that chartr chool hav difficulty rtaiig tachr a thy gai xpric. achr may b tmptd to ar a fw xpric i chartr public chool th mov o to bttrpaid poitio i traditioal public chool. achr hourly wag alo vary commuity typ. achr i rural or mall tow chool coittly ar lowr hourly alari tha thir pr i urba uburba chool (abl 7). Oc agai, thr i o clar pattr idicatig whthr hourly alari ar highr i urba or uburba chool. Urba tachr grally work abl 7. Avrag hourly alary fulltim xpric Ctral City Avrag hourly alary fulltim tachr, tatu xpric raditioal Public Chartr Publi c 1 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ mor $ $22.37 fwr hour tha thir uburba coutrpart 7 but thi do ot rult i a coittly highr hourly alary. Avrag alary figur mak importat diffrc i hourly wag btw tachr at diffrt grad lvl. Wh hourly alari lmtary codary tachr ar xamid, codary tachr coittly ar l. Sic traditioal public chool ditrict u th am alary chdul tachr at all lvl thr ar fw codary chartr public chool i Michiga, mot thi diffrc i attributabl to th logr hour workd codary chool tachr. Whil codary tachr may b paid om tachr, urbaicity th activiti lgthig thir Frig / Rural / Small l chool day, ot ow ow ow all activiti ar fiacially $ 17.1 # rwardd, tipd may $ 18.7 $16.39 compat $ 22.6 $19.59 thm at low lvl coidrig th larg $ 26.3 $21.74 $ 29.8 $27.32 umbr additioal hour $ 38.7 $30.74 workd. Firtyar codary Urba / Larg 1 yar $ $ $ $ $ or mor $ # Etimat upprd du to cofidtiality mall ampl iz.

7 chool tachr ar l tha $16 pr hour, whil bgiig lmtary tachr ar almot $18 pr hour. h mot xpricd tachr ar $35 pr hour i codary chool $38 pr hour i lmtary chool. Sic codary chool tachr t hav mor attractiv altrativ mploymt opportuiti tha lmtary chool tachr, bcau thy po kill that ar aily marktabl outid th ducatio ctor. hir lowr hourly wag may coqutly b xacrbatig turovr amog thi group dicouragig pottial codary tachr cidat. Dipariti alo appar wh w look at hourly alari tachr at ach xpric lvl i chool with diffrt prctag tudt ligibl fr or rducdpric luch. A w would xpct, mor xpricd tachr withi ach group ar mor tha thir l xpricd pr (abl 8). Novic tachr ar mor pr hour wh thy work i high povrty chool. hi i coitt with th highr tartig alari i tho chool. A thy gai xpric, th alary diffrtial bgi to rvr (abl 5 abov) but th gap i hourly alari do ot hrik a quickly a w might xpct. hi i largly driv th fact that tachr i chool with high coctratio povrty work fwr hour ach wk 8 tha tho who tach mor afflut abl 8. Avrag hourly childr. Howvr, th alary xpric xpric tudt ligibl fr prmium paid afflut chool 0 10 Prc rct i o larg tachr with or mor xpric that tachr i th walthit chool ar mor pr hour 20 or tha othr tach mor r, dpit th fact that thy alo work logr hour. Pattr i tachr alari dpd o ytmatic diffrc i both ovrall alary lvl th umbr hour that tachr work. Diffrc i alary lvl hour workd may puh i complmtary or oppoit dirctio. For xampl, whil chartr chool tachr ar lowr alari tha thir public chool coutrpart, thy alo work logr hour, rultig i ubtatial diffrc i hourly pay. O th othr h, th rlativly lowr pay rcivd tachr i chool with high coctratio poor miority tudt i omwhat mdiatd th fact that thy td to work fwr hour. Sctio hr: How do Michiga tachr alari compar to othr prio? o plac tachr compatio i a maigful cotxt, tachr alari mut b compard to alari i comparabl occupatioabl 9 compar th avrag hourly alary Michiga public chool tachr to avrag hourly alari i othr prio with imilar ducatioal rquirmt. alary fulltim tachr, prct or rducdpric luch Prc rct Prc rct >7 70 Prc rct $ $ $ $22.03 $ $ $ $24.00 $ $ $ $26.17 $ $ $ $36.14 # Etimat upprd du to cofidtiality mall ampl iz.

8 prio lctd alari 9. abl prio lctd alari 9. abl prio lctd alari 9. abl prio lctd alari 9. abl prio lctd alari 9. abl ra A a r A a r A a r A a r A ccupatio O ccupatio O ccupatio O ccupatio O Occupatio ourly H y ourl H y ourl H y ourl H y Hourl ompatio C ompatio C ompatio C ompatio C Compatio ichiga M tachr chool public 12 K 0 $24.0 Stat itd U workr ocial S 9 $15.0 ur gitrd R 3 $21.9 auditor ccoutat A 0 $22.1 curator archivit, ibraria, L 4 $23.0 tatiticia S 6 $25.5 thrapit pch S 2 $26.6 citit atural N 5 $26.9 architct, Egir, urvyor $30.27 ctuari A 0 $33.0 Flit ArbortroitA D workr ocial S 3 $24.5 ur gitrd R 6 $23.2 auditor ccoutat A 2 $25.1 curator archivit, ibraria, L 0 $27.8 citit atural N 5 $22.4 architct, Egir, urvyor $31.96 Rapid Gr MukgoHoll workr ocial S 0 $22.6 ur gitrd R 3 $22.3 auditor ccoutat A 3 $20.9 architct, Egir, urvyor $28.36 Crk alamazoobattl K workr ocial S 1 $19.1 ur gitrd R 7 $21.5 auditor ccoutat A 9 $18.0 architct, Egir, urvyor $29.14

9 Michiga public chool tachr ar avrag compatio $24.00 pr hour. h firt pal abl 9 compar thi figur to th atioal avrag a varity othr occupatio. Accordig to th data, Michiga tachr ar i a bttr fiacial poitio tha rgitrd ur accoutat, but bhid pch thrapit gir. hi compario i miladig, howvr, bcau th cot livig avrag alari ar both high i Michiga rlativ to othr part th coutry. h rmaidr abl 9 provid avrag hourly compatio imatio vral ara withi Michiga. 9 Wh compario ar mad withi th tat, th atioal pattr grally hold tachr t mak mor tha rgitrd ur accoutat but l tha gir but th diffrc ar mallr. It appar that Michiga tachr ar big compatd at a hourly rat that i comparabl to imilar prio. hi may ot b tru, howvr, codary tachr i fild uch a mathmatic cic. W hav i th prviou ctio that codary tachr td to lar l tha lmtary tachr o a hourly bai. h tachr ar likly to b th o who could mot aily fid mploymt i comptig, highr payig fild, uch a tatitic girig. Idividual mak carr dciio i th cotxt othr job opportuiti withi a pcific gographic ara. Whil tachr i Michiga appar to mak igificatly mor tha ocial workr ur atioally, thir hourly alari ar mor imilar wh compard to othr local prioal withi Michiga. Cocluio achr alari i Michiga vary tachr chool charactritic, uch a xpric, tudt compoitio, chartr tatu. h variatio may b hacd or ft diffrc i hour workd. Lik ovrall alari, Michiga tachr hourly alari vary chool tachr charactritic. Mor xpricd tachr, tachr i traditioal public chool, tho who tach i uburba or urba ara td to hav highr hourly alari. Whil tachr i high povrty, high miority chool td to ar lowr aual alari, thi i partially ft th fact that, o avrag, thy alo work fwr hour. achr i traditioal public chool joy highr hourly wag tha thir chartr chool coutrpart diffrc bcom largr a a tachr gai xpric. hi may courag high quality tachr i th chartr ctor to mov to traditioal public chool a thy bcom xpricd, xacrbatig turovr i th chartr ctor. Mor grally, it appar that Michiga tachr alari ar raoably comptitiv but omwhat lowr tha tho i comparabl prio, uch a girig architctur. If othr occupatio fr ubtatially highr alari tha tachig, Michiga may fid it difficult to rcruit or rtai tachr, particularly crtai tachig fild. (Edot) 1 hi aalyi xclud logtrm ubtitut tachr. 2 otal compatio iclud all choolrlatd compatio, uch a ba pay additioal tipd coachig athltic acadmic activity. Prmac bad rward may b icludd a wll. Icom from ourc uch a tachig ummr chool th ditrict, ummr mploymt a a camp coulor, or icom from workig i ay job outid th chool ytm i xcludd. 3 h alary bump btw th third fourth yar i partly a rflctio tur. I may ditrict, tachr bcom turd o th firt day thir fourth tachig yar thi t rult i a alary icra. 4 For a mor dtaild aalyi thi iu, Harri, D., Workig Papr #11 Lowrig th bar or movig th targt: A wag dcompoitio Michiga traditioal chartr

10 public chool tachr, workpapr/wagdcomp.pdf 5 BuriaFitzgrald, M., Harri, D. (2004). Givig 110%: A Portrait a Michiga achr Work Wk.h Educatio Policy Ctr at MSU. Policy Rport Numbr h timat wr providd Ruth Bir, Labor Ecoomit, Michiga Educatio Aociatio. 7 BuriaFitzgrald, M., Harri, D. (2004). Givig 110%: A Portrait a Michiga achr Work Wk.h Educatio Policy Ctr at MSU. Policy Rport Numbr 22. O xcptio to th gral pattr urba tachr workig fwr hour i firt yar tachr. Firtyar urba tachr rport workig mor hour pr wk tha uburba ovic. Mot th additioal hour ar pt o activiti ivolvig tudt, rathr tha o paprwork or plaig. 8 BuriaFitzgrald Harri, Statwid data i ot availabl du to amplig limitatio i th BLS Natioal Compatio Survy. Data limitatio i th School Staffig Survy data t prclud rgioal rportig tachr alari.