Den blå åkeren - dyrking og framtidig bruk av tare

Transcription

1 Miljøvernkonferansen 2016 Trondheim Den blå åkeren - dyrking og framtidig bruk av tare Jorunn Skjermo, 1

2 Applications of macroalgae biomass Food and medicine Feed ingredients Biochemicals Fertilizers and growth enhancers Bioenergy 2

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4 The natural seaweed resources in Norway Standing stock: 50 mill ton seaweed (ww) (Steen 2013, HI) 99% of the biomass is kelp (Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima)(gundersen et al. 2011, Niva) Harvested annually (ww): tons kelp Laminaria hyperborea tons Ascophyllum nodosum 4

5 Area for seaweeds in Norway WILD "Seaweed bed" area: km 2 (Gundersen et al. 2011, Niva) CULTIVATION Sea area inside sea boundary: km 2 ( km 2 economic zone) 5

6 Globally: Ca 30 mill tons FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department 6

7 Seaweed farming in Norway Industry: Lofoten Esca Verno Storvik Harvest Folla Alger Ocean Future SES (Seaweed Energy Solutions) Bogestilla Seaweed and Værlandet Fiskeredskap Saccharina latissima Hortimare and Sulefisk Ocean Forest Ca 100 tons in 2015 Austevoll Seaweed Farm Norwegian Seaweed Seaweed Production Alaria esculenta

8 Value creation in the Norwegian seaweed industry Scenario Sales value (billion NOK) 20 Area: 1200 km 2 1,1 0,2 8 4 Area: 250 km 2 Volume (mill tons) DKNVS/NTVA (Olafsen et al., 2012)

9 Biorefinery potential Component % kg /kg Alginate 35% Polyphenol 5% Mannitol 15% Iodine 0,5% 5 Fucoidan 5% Laminaran 5% Fucoxanthin 0,5% Potassium 5% Proteins 10% 100 0,3 30 MC Cellulose 5% 45 Other mineral 15% 145 0,05 7 Total 100%* * Of the dry weight. Water content in fresh seaweed is 85-90%. Yannick Lerat and Ronan Pierre CEVA theoretical biorefinery of Kelp (2011) 9

10 Expected growth in Norwegian salmon production and in fish feed demand 6 5 Salmon production Feed demand million tons % protein DKNVS/NTVA (Olafsen et al., 2012) 10

11 Cultivated seaweed 1 ha (0.01 km 2 ) cultivation area: 170 tons biomass wet weight, sugar kelp 26 tons dry matter 15 tons carbohydrates 3.8 tons proteins Production of feedstock (tons dw/ha) 26 2,3 3 4,2 5,1 Soybean Wheat Rice Maize Seaweed

12 Why cultivated biomass? Large biomass volumes possible (170 tons ha -1 ) Environmental friendly, sustainable production of biomass, no (known) negative effect on the benthic ecosystem Attractive biomass (composition affected by season and age) Effective harvesting and freshness of biomass Wide range of species (480 in Norway) No use of arable land, fresh water, pesticides or fertilizers (NB. No phosphate) Possibilities for nutrients recycling (IMTA)

13 Re-cycling of nutrients in IMTA Feed (100% N) (100% P) Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) Particulate nutrients ( 15% N) ( 44% P) Fish (N 40%) (P 35%) Dissolved nutrients ( 45% N) ( 18% P) Wang et al., Aquaculture and Environment Interactions, 2:

14 Re-cycling of nutrients in IMTA tons kelp (30 ha) tons salmon (30 ha) 10% N Wang et al., 2012; Broch et al., 2013

15 Increased growth in IMTA Sporophyte length (cm) 160 Salmon farm Reference 140 R 2 = R 2 = * * * * * * * * * 0 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Handå, A. et al., Seasonal- and depth-dependent growth of cultivated kelp (Saccharina latissima) in close proximity to salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture in Norway. Aquaculture ,

16 Cultivation technology seedlings production: Getting spores

17 Cultivation technology seeding of spores/gametophytes on rope (substrate)

18 Seedlings production incubation in nutrient rich seawater

19 Transfer of seedlings to carrier ropes

20 Deployment in sea farms - from August to February 20

21 Harvesting of sugar kelp and winged kelp Sugar kelp Saccharina latissima Winged kelp Alaria esculenta Foto:

22 Locations for seaweed farming which areas have the highest production potential? Example: Modell-based estimate of seaweed productivity Broch OJ. et al. Coastal scale dynamics and effects of dissolved nutrients from Norwegian aquaculture. (in prep) 22

23 Increased biomass production in strong water currents 20 Biomass (kg pr 10m) Sheltered Exposed Time (cultivation days) MacroBiomass

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