MACROALGAE PRODUCTION IN PORTUGAL: PRESENT, POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES
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1 MACROALGAE PRODUCTION IN PORTUGAL: PRESENT, POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES Isabel Sousa Pinto Centre for Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto
2 Diversity of macroalgae in Portugal Phyllum Ardré (1970) Rhodophyta 246 Ochrophyta 98 Chlorophyta 60 Harvestable biomass? Distribution - Gradient North/ South North Red algae species Brown algae species South
3 Laminaria hyperborea Portuguese Macroalgae Usable species Sachorriza polyscides Fucus spp Gigartina pistillata Gelidium spp Gelidium corneum Porphyra umbilicalis Gracilaria spp. Chondrus crispus Pictures copyright from M Guiry and I Barbara Himanthalia elongata Asparagopsis armata Saccharina latissima Mastocarpus stellatus Palmaria palmata Laminaria ochroleuca Ascophyllum nodosum Ulva sp. Undaria pinnatifida
4 Uses of seaweeds in Portugal Fertilizers Recolha das Algas
5 Seaweeds as fertilizers Moliço Ria de Aveiro (Ulva, Enteromorpha, Gracilaria, Lola e as angiospérmicas marinhas Zostera, Ruppia e Potamogeton) Silva (unpublished data) in Sousa-Pinto, 1998
6 Agar industry Annual harvest (a) Agarophytes (b) Carragenophytes ton (dry Weight) Replacement by cultivated Gracilaria and Kappaphycus Portugal (FAO 2014)
7 Management of seaweed harvest And about all the other species? Explotation of macroalgae in Portugal Agarophyte Carragenophyte Carragenophytes Gelidium sesquipedale A apanha de algas agarófitas deve ser efectuada sem lesão do sistema rizoidal de fixação e do substrato rochoso. Despacho n.º 18216/2008
8 Embarcações Mergulhadores, semi-autónomos (narguilé) Mergulhadores autónomos (garrafas) Caminha Estela Z1 Z2 15 jul - 15 nov Rio Mondego Foz do Arelho Cabo da Roca Z4 Z jul - 15 nov Cabo de Sines Rio Guadiana Z5 Still overharvest of some populations Z6
9 Azores
10 2014 Reportagem TVI
11 Seaweeds as food in Portugal Portugal, Azores (Patarra, 2008) Fucus spiralis tremoço do mar Porphyra erva patinha frita; em sopas, omeletas ou tortas Laurencia e Osmundea erva malagueta conservadas em vinagre e consumidas ao longo do ano NOW
12 Development of Portuguese seaweed business - more contextde Macroalgas Aquaculture in the World (FAO 2010) Aquatic plants Fresh water fish Molluscs Diadromous fish Aquatic animals Crustaceans Marine fish
13 Harvesting of Seaweeds in Europe Today - Move to cultivation (96% world)
14 European cuisine prannie_rhatigan_part_1
15 Marine biodiversity and ecosystem services: seaweeds Marine coastal habitats provide over 10 trillion worth of ecosystem goods and services per year Seaweeds are the dominant autotrophic biomass, CO2, O2, Biomass, Nutrient cycling, coastal protection... Productivity very high. Kelp forests created by large brown algae may reach productivities above 3000 g C m 2 year 1 Seaweed beds, provide food and shelter for associated fauna
16 Macroalgae cultivation and applications Cultivation methods lab scale Life cycle control and nutrient uptake experiments Porphyra dioica Gelidium robustum and G. puchellum Gracilaria vermicullophyla Saccharina latissima Laminaria ochroleuca
17 Biomass (Kg) Temperature (ºC) Macroalgae cultivation and applications Cultivation methods pilot scale attached suspended Weekly Temp Max Temp Min Temp T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 0
18 acroalgae cultivation and applications IMTA land based pilot scale Seabass oyster macroalgae
19 acroalgae cultivation and applications Seaweed applications in collaboration - Phycocolloid extraction - Animal feed - Bioactive compounds
20 Seaweed mariculture for biofuels Seaweedteach Seabreed Seaweedstar
21 PORTUGAL Farming Cluster 10 Farms 10 Farm units of 50 km2 = 1 Farm Cluster 500 km2 farmed area (0,03% of Portugal EEZ) Total 15 million tons seaweed (300 T/Ha) 640 mill L Ethanol or 300 mill m 3 Biomethane Energy equivalent = 3,8 TWh 3,8 TWh from an area 6X larger than Lisbon Council 8,3% of Portugal's total energy consumption
22 Macroalgae cultivation and applications Growth trials at sea (with IH PT navy) 5m 6 nautical miles 10m 15m 20m
23 Components for agriculture and feeds
24 Biomedical uses
25 Thalassotherapy
26 MacroAlgaeBiorefinery
27 Promotion of Technology Transfer Training and Outreach
28 Challenges Not recognized as a serious activity Outreach at all levels of society Coastal area with competing activities Associate with existing facilities (IMTA) Go to sea Shortage of facilities and trained staff Training young people and fisherman training of officials No marine cultivations open coast Integrate with other activities Regulations Work with regulators Knowledge base Knowledge and Technologies More research and demonstration
29 Palmaria palmata Chondru s crispus Thank You Porphyra umbilicalis Ulva spp
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