Blood Vessel Worksheet

Transcription

1 Blood Vessel Worksheet 1. The wall of a blood vessel consists of three layers. The outermost layer is the tunica, which helps to anchor the vessel to an organ. In larger blood vessels, this layer also contains smaller vessels called the to supply blood to the large vessel. The middle layer is called the tunica. This layer consists of and is generally the thickest layer. Sympathetic stimulation of this layer results in, while parasympathetic stimulation results in. The innermost layer is the tunica, which is composed of simple squamous epithelial lining called. 2. The largest arteries are the arteries. These are located closest to the heart, where pressure is generally the greatest. Elastic arteries have a thick tunica, with elastic fibers distributed throughout all layers, which gives them the ability to under pressure. Elastic arteries branch into medium sized arteries, which have a proportionally tunica media than elastic arteries. Muscular arteries branch into even smaller. These vessels have a tunica media. 3. Arterioles get progressively smaller and ultimately connect to, which are the smallest blood vessels. The walls of these vessels consist of only the tunica. Because they are the only vessels across which nutrient exchange occurs, this structure is directly related to function of capillaries, as it enables rapid of gases. To adequately supply tissues with blood, capillaries form around tissues, and blood flow is regulated by rings of muscle called. 4. What are the three types of capillaries? 5. How do they differ from each other? 6. Where would you expect to find each type? 7. Why do veins have valves? 8. What is the pump that drives the flow of blood through veins?

2 Match the cell to its function. 1. B-lymphocyte. 2. Helper T-lymphocyte. 3. NK cell. 4. Memory B-lymphocytes. 5. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte. 6. Plasma cells. Match the organ to its function 1. Spleen. 2. Tonsil. 3. Lymph node. 4. Thymus. Lymphatic System E. Kill infected cells; must be activated by helper T cell F. Confer lifelong immunity G. Kill wide variety of cells, including cancer cells H. Produce antibodies I. Present antigen to other lymphocytes; secrete cytokines J. Are activated to become plasma cells A. Filter antigens from lymph B. Site of T-cell maturation C. Phagocytizes erythrocytes, platelets, and bacteria D. Traps antigens Respiratory System Worksheet Draw a diagram/flow chart of the pathway of air flow beginning with the nasal cavity and ending with the alveoli. Indicate which structures in your diagram are conducting structures and which are respiratory structures.

3 What are the three types of cells that make up an alveolus and what is the function of each? Cell Type Function Digestive System Worksheet 1. List the primary digestive organs and the general function of each. 2. List the accessory digestive organs and the general function of each. 3. The largest of the three salivary glands are the glands. These glands also secrete an enzyme called, which is responsible for digestion of starch. The salivary glands that secrete the majority of saliva are the glands. The glands that secrete the least amount of saliva are the glands. 4. Two types of digestion occur within the digestive system. The breakdown of food molecules by enzymes is referred to as digestion. The churning action of the stomach and mastication are examples of digestion. 5. Organs of the abdominal cavity are surrounded by a serous membrane called the. Organs that are completely surrounded by this membrane are referred to as, while organs that are located behind this membrane are referred to as. Folds of this membrane that extend from the body wall and suspend organs are called.

4 The fold that hangs from the stomach and covers the abdominal organs is the. The fold that connects the stomach to the liver is the. The small intestines are suspended by the, while the large intestines are suspended by the. 6. The inner layer of the wall of the alimentary canal is called the. The type of epithelium that lines this layer is epithelium. In the stomach and intestines, this epithelium functions in of digestive enzymes and of nutrients. Beneath the epithelial layer is the, which contains lymph nodules, referred to as, which function in immunity. The outermost layer of the mucosa is a smooth muscle layer called the. The next layer after the mucosa is the. This layer contains many structures, including ducts, -secreting glands,, and. The third layer of the wall is the. This layer consists of two layers of smooth muscle. The inner layer consists of muscle, which forms that can constrict the tube in a process called. The outer layer consists of muscle, which shorten the tube during a process called. The outermost layer of the wall is the, which consists of areolar CT and visceral peritoneum. You just ate a tasty meal. Draw a flow chart/diagram of the structures your meal would pass through from the mouth to the anus (include all sphincters, etc). Indicate in which region(s) digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins would take place Oral cavity

5 Draw and label a nephron. Urinary System Worksheet 1. Identify the region of the nephron where each process occurs: Site of filtration. Primary site of reabsorption of nutrients. Site of reabsorption of water and solutes. Site of secretion of K + and H + ions. 2. The outer region of the kidney that contains the glomerular capsules and convoluted tubules is the renal. The inner region of the kidney that contains the loops of Henle and the collecting ducts is the. 3. Use a flow chart to trace a drop of filtrate from the glomerulus to the urinary bladder. Glomerulus

6 4. Trace a drop of blood from the renal artery through the kidney and back to the renal vein. Reproductive System Worksheet Female Reproductive System 1. The primary sex organs in females are the. 2. What are the accessory sex organs? 3. The two primary functions of the ovaries are production of and. 4. Eggs develop with the ovaries as, which consist of an oocyte surrounded by follicular cells. The most primitive are the follicles, which consist of a oocye surrounded by a single layer of cells. These follicles become follicles, which consist of a oocyte surrounded by a single layer of cells. These follicles then become follicles, which consiste of a oocyte, many layers of cells, and a fluid-filled. The oocyte in these follicles is surrounded by two layers: the and the. Mature follicles are called or follicles. These follicles contain a oocyte, many layers of follicular cells, and an enlarged. Once the follicle is fully matured, it ruptures from the side of the ovary in a process called. Following ovulation, the remnants of the follicle become the, which secretes the hormones and to stimulate growth of the endometrium. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will degrade into a lump of scar tissue called a. 5. What is the site of fertilization of the egg? 6. What are the functions of the uterus? 7. The clitoris is homologous to the of males. 8. The labia majora are homologous to the of males.

7 Male Reproductive System 1. The two primary functions of the testes are production of and. Sperm production occurs in the, while testosterone production occurs in the cells. 2. Why are testes located in the scrotum and not in the pelvic cavity? 3. What structures make up the spermatic cord? 4. The site of sperm storage and maturation is the. Sperm are transported out of this structure by the, which travels alongside the bladder and ultimately joins the, which secretes seminal fluid. Sperm and seminal fluid are combined within the, which passes through the prostate gland. This passageway connects to the, which carries both semen and urine out of the body. 5. Name the three glands in males and the secretions/functions of each. a. b. c. 6. Trace the path of a sperm from its location of formation until it fertilizes an egg. Make sure to include ALL structures that the sperm must pass through on its journey, including the two layers that it must penetrate in order to fertilize the oocyte. Seminiferous tubules joins with the seminal vesicle urethra urethra urethra external urethral orifice (in the female now!) (opening) cervical canal thru body of uterus (site of fertilization) (around oocyte) (around oocyte) oocyte (at last!)