LESSONS LEARNT CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HS RAILWAY

Transcription

1 LESSONS LEARNT CITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HS RAILWAY Seminar High-speed Rail in Sweden Malmö, November 21 st 2016 Juan Ayrault Pérez Architect D Special Developments Manager Passenger Stations Directorate Adif - Spanish Railway Infrastructure Management

2 I N D E X 1. Introduction 2. History of Spanish Railways 2.1 Starting conditions 2.2 Brief history 3. HS implementation 3.1 Early development 3.2 Business model 3.3 Network expansion 4. HS and the City 4.1 Impact of HS in public opinion 4.2 First examples 4.3 Multiplying factor: side effects 5. Conclusions

3 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N Foreword Copernican revolution Railway development in Spain has faced from the very beginning structural problems: geography, population, lack of capitals, a different gauge... In 1992 two world events marked a turning point: Barcelona Olympic Games and World Expo in Seville. At the same time, a revolutionary change in transport infrastructures was happening: the first HS line from Madrid to Seville started on April 12 th This fact conveyed remarkable consequences in Spain s infrastructures shape and future. Viaduct - Malaga This presentation summarizes the implementation process of HS and some of its more remarkable achievements and challenges.

4 2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y Rough terrain 2.1 Starting conditions The Iberian peninsula has historically had unfavourable conditions for railway development: Mountainous landscape. Population, activity and riches very irregularly distributed A controversial decision based on a 1844 report : Iberian gauge (1668 mm) Juan Subercase, author of 1844 gauge report Madrid Atocha 1905

5 2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y A mountainous peninsula The second most mountainous European country after Switzerland. Geography has always been a key factor in transport and communications. Iberian Peninsula relief

6 2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y A complex playground Population density is irregularly distributed. People live in the centre (Madrid&Metro area) and the coast. On the other hand, average distances demanded are on the Km range. So the most suitable for HS Spanish population density

7 2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y One country, two systems HS line has been COR FRANCE implemented in standard UIC gauge. VIG SAN OUR LEON HU FIG GI Variable gauge facilities and 3 rd rails are needed for trains that use both PORTUGAL ZAM SAL VLD MAD CU ZGZ LLE TAR BCN networks. TOL VAL ALB COR ALI SEV ANT CAD MLG 3 rd rail turnout. Source Ferropedia

8 2 S PA N I S H R A I LWAY H I S T O R Y Hard trail 2.2 History Opening of the Barcelona-Mataró line in Creation of RENFE in 1941, consequence of private companies bankruptcies and Civil War destructions. World Bank report and loan In 1962 Improvement of important lines and closing of others. No new lines were built. Madrid Aranjuez opening 1851 Harsh competition of road and plane from 60 s to 80 s New access to Andalusia in The turning point Commuter train 1968 Madrid Atocha 1900

9 3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N Unexpected success 3.1 Early Development of HS Madrid NAFA New Railway Access to Andalusia. Madrid Seville, 250 kph. Old line with a huge gap in access to Andalusia. Technically very difficult to solve First stretch follows an old line New mountain passage shortens itinerary 70 km Cordoba Standard gauge 1435 mm. Obliges to build a parallel line from Cordoba to Seville Seville Controversial decision from the beginning with consequences: Ride time shortened from six to less than three hours. Travel from city centre to city centre. Old and new Madrid Andalusia railway lines First year 50% of customers switched from plane to train. Five years later it was 85%.

10 3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N Traits 3.2 Business model Imitation of airlines was intentional. Even the brand name AVE referred to air flight. Security regulations similar to airports. Exclusive ticket holder areas Perception of customers changed dramatically Business travelers adopted massively HS New customer profiles appeared: HS regional commuters Travelator in Madrid - Atocha Ticket control Security scanners Impossible scene in Spanish HS

11 3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N Maturity 3.3 Network expansion HS network has grown from the original 471 km to current HS stations 31 M passengers in Tenfold from the beginning Major urban areas serviced, except N and NW. Station Cuenca Fernando Zóbel Connected to French network on eastern side. 45% of Spanish population lives in a 50 Km radius. Intermediate stations in less populated areas. Network expanded quickly from 2003 to 2013, not it does at a lower pace. Some international connections are still pending: Atlantic French border and Portugal

12 3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N HS Network Expansion MADRID SEVILLA. COR BIL FRANCE MADRID LLEIDA ZARAGOZA HUESCA MADRID TOLEDO. VIG SAN OUR LEON HU FIG GI CORDOBA ANTEQUERA PORTUGAL ZAM VLD ZGZ LLE BCN LLEIDA C. TARRAGONA MADRID VALLADOLID SAL TAR ANTEQUERA MALAGA MAD CU CAMP TARRAGONA BARCELONA MADRID VALENCIA OURENSE A CORUÑA BARNA FIGUERES ALBACETE ALICANTE SEV COR TOL ALB ALI VAL SPANISH HS 2016: km Design up to 350 km - h Operation 310 km - h VIGO SANTIAGO SEVILLA CÁDIZ VALLADOLID LEON CAD ANT MLG GRA ALM 400 HS trains - day 31 M Passengers - year 52% of total rail passengers-km MEDINA ZAM SALAMANCA travel on HS

13 3 H S I M P L E M E N TAT I O N HS Network Expansion MADRID SEVILLA. COR BIL FRANCE MADRID LLEIDA ZARAGOZA HUESCA MADRID TOLEDO. VIG SAN OUR LEON HU FIG GI CORDOBA ANTEQUERA PORTUGAL ZAM VLD ZGZ LLE BCN LLEIDA C. TARRAGONA MADRID VALLADOLID SAL TAR ANTEQUERA MALAGA MAD CU CAMP TARRAGONA BARCELONA MADRID VALENCIA OURENSE A CORUÑA BARNA FIGUERES ALBACETE ALICANTE SEV COR TOL ALB ALI VAL SPANISH HS 2016: km Design up to 350 km - h Operation 310 km - h VIGO SANTIAGO SEVILLA CÁDIZ VALLADOLID LEON CAD ANT MLG GRA ALM 400 HS trains - day 31 M Passengers - year 52% of total rail passengers-km MEDINA ZAM SALAMANCA travel on HS

14 Linked forever 4.1 Changing mind HS had a great impact in public opinion: local authorities switched from scepticism to enthusiasm HS facilitated people movement: tourism, business, commuters, even people who didn t travel previously. 30% induced demand. Railway perception changed completely. AVE WAS COOL HS expansion was associated with urban development from the beginning: municipalities approved refurbishments and new developments associated with new HS lines 4.2 First examples Madrid Seville HS line affected to Madrid, Cordoba and Seville urban areas. Areas surrounding stations changed dramatically. Railway disappeared or was minimised as an urban barrier. M. Atocha. Tropical garden

15 Sevilla Santa Justa Seville Santa Justa Station took the place of a former project New HS line reshaped railway accesses to Seville Old terminal station was turned into a shopping mall The city recovered the northern bank of the river New underground HS line eliminated the railway barrier The new terminal transformed the whole neighbourhood New housing accompanied the new terminal

16 Seville. Urban renovation after HS line arrival Railway wall in calle Torneo New Torneo avenue Former railway station Railway station turned shopping mall

17 Sevilla Santa Justa

18 Córdoba Cordoba Station was located beside the existing one Tracks were put underground. Railway barrier disappeared The space formerly occupied by old railways facilities is now a boulevard with new housing and hotels. HS has highly increased passenger numbers, hotel stays, and has fostered the tourist and convention sector. Cordoba station Cordoba, Libertad av. Located over the tracks

19 Madrid Puerta de Atocha Madrid Atocha turned out as the major hub of all the Spanish transport network. These are the elements of its success A new commuter station beside the HS terminal Intermodal connections with buses and metro Central position in town, close to the key tourist attraction sites M. Atocha. Location Urban renovation of its surroundings

20 Madrid Puerta de Atocha. Previous status Urban area surrounding Atocha was degraded. From mid 80 s urban renovation actions took place: Demolition of road bridge Reina Sofia museum in a former hospital Renovation of hotels ad private buildings New commuter (1988) and HS (1992) stations Antonio Lopez described Atocha gloomy atmosphere in a 1960 painting Road bridge in Atocha square

21 Atocha surroundings. Urban renovation: Reina Sofia Museum NH Hotel Reina Sofia Museum, new entrance Hotel NH Nacional Jean Nouvel enlargement General Hospital crossection

22 Madrid Puerta de Atocha New Commuter Station 1851

23 Madrid Puerta de Atocha HS Terminal Canopy refurbishment 1851

24 Madrid Puerta de Atocha New boarding platform 1851

25 Madrid Puerta de Atocha nd North South commuter tunnel 1851

26 Madrid Puerta de Atocha Arrivals terminal 1851

27 Madrid Puerta de Atocha HS North-South tunnel 1851

28 Madrid Puerta de Atocha HS through station 1851

29 Madrid Puerta de Atocha. Station complex

30 Madrid Puerta de Atocha. Location as an urban landmark Most visited monuments and historical sites are located on stations surroundings, accessible by short pedestrian routes THYSSEN-BORNEMISZA MUSEUM 15 min PRADO MUSEUM 12 min BOTANICAL GARDEN 10 min RETIRO PARK 15 min CAIXA FORUM MUSEUM 10 min ATOCHA STATION REINA SOFÍA MUSEUM 10 min

31 Madrid Puerta de Atocha. Passenger traffic evolution Madrid Atocha has multiplied its passenger outcome and keeps growing

32 Linked forever 4.2 Further development Other terminals were refurbished, enlarged or newly built, as long as the HS network expanded. Many of them were linked to real estate developments and/or urban renovation. Retail Implementation was usually associated, occasionally with large malls as Malaga s. HS continues to be a major player in cities, affecting in the most positive way any aspect of urban life

33 Valencia New HS Station and Central Park Valencia HS terminal is a provisory one, still pending on the new station through Associated to a huge urban renewal including the new Central Park of sqm. Enhances intermodal exchange with commuter and metro networks. Still pending on connection with the Mediterranean axis. Former station and enlargement Central Park

34 Valencia New HS Station. Intermodal connections HS station through connects with New underground commuter line Metro Regional rail network

35 Valencia New HS Station. Crossection HS station organizes railway traffic in two stories, one for conventional railway, other for HS standard gauge

36 Valencia. Urban developments Urban planning includes a new neighbourhood around Garcia Lorca boulevard

37 Cuenca. New HS station Located in the outskirts of the town (50.000h). Only intermediate town between Madrid and Valencia, at a similar distance of each Newly built through station Connected by bus with city centre One of the highest ration of users It has improved tourism UIC gauge Iberian gauge

38 Málaga Vialia Malaga María Zambrano station was developed under the vialia brand. A PPP between Adif and a real estate operator was established Comprises sqm of retail, including a hotel Refurbished old pavillions Vialia Malaga Maria Zambrano station

39 Málaga Vialia project was a part of the refurbishment of all the surrounding area. It has the best intermodal connections in town, with commuter network, regional and urban buses and tram Malaga tram Commuter station Malaga Vialia Malaga area urban planning Bus station Malaga

40 Madrid Chamartin Madrid Chamartín was built in Still waits its big enlargement. A project for adaptation to HS is going on A new HS tunnel that will link Northern and Southern networks HS lines enlargement (standard gauge) New urban developments in former railway facilities land Business District enlargement Madrid Chamartín location In North Madrid

41 C O N C L U S I O N S Positive outcome 5.1 Results HS is a major player in urban life, fostering economic activities Attracts customers from other modes, mainly road and plane New kinds of customers appear, such as regional commuters Urban planning and design are key players and complementary tools when HS lines reach cities. Lleida Pirineus station

42 C O N C L U S I O N S Future 5.2 Challenges Recovering from a crisis environment. Increasing passenger share Improving international connections Enhancing intermodal exchange Implementing new technologies Vigo Urzáiz. Thom Mayne project

43 THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION