Liquid biofuels from biomass via steam gasification

Transcription

1 Liquid biofuels from biomass via steam gasification Dr. Reinhard Rauch Bioenergy Vienna, University of Technology 1

2 The basic concept Green Chemistry Over 74,000 hours Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine, fuel cell) Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) Biomass Biomass Gasification Hydrogen Mixed alkohols Oxosynthesis for aldehydes FT-Fuels (FT-Diesel) Synthesis gas H 2 + CO Isosynthesis for Isobutane Methanol / DME others Ammonia 2

3 GreenFly R&D project on kerosene from biomass, with focus on usage in Wankel engine Funded by: TAKE OFF Call,

4 BRISK opens up a wide variety of research infrastructures via Transnational Access, allowing researchers outside and inside the project to conduct experiments. Transnational Access to European research facilities is open to all researchers

5 Synthetic Biofuels (FT- Route) Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Wood Chips Gasification Raw Syngas Cleaning/ Conditioning Pure Syngas H 2 /CO= 2 FT- Synthesis Fossil Products (e.g. LGO, HGO, VGO) FT- wax Hydro- (Co)-Processing i/n- paraffins (hydrocarbons) Purge Gas Wax Steam FT- fuels (diesel) Hydrogen (pure/ recycled) HPFT- Fuels (diesel+ kerosene)

6 DFB gasifier Steam gasification, so product gas with high quality (low nitrogen, optimal H 2 :CO ratio) can be produced, without need for pure oxygen Synthesis gas applications can be realised at smaller scale ( MW fuel )

7 Dual Fluid Gasifiers Location Usage / Product Fuel / Product MW, MW Start up Supplier Status Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0 fuel / 2.0 el 2002 Oberwart, AT Gas engine / ORC / H fuel / 2.8 el 2008 Villach, AT Gas engine 15 fuel / 3.7 el 2010 Senden/Ulm DE Gas engine / ORC Burgeis, IT Gas engine 2 fuel / 0.5 el 2012 Göteborg, Sweden Folie 7 AE&E, Repotec Ortner Anlagenbau Ortner Anlagenbau Operational Operational On hold 14 fuel / 5 el 2011 Repotec Operational BioSNG 32 fuel /20 BioSNG 2013 Repotec, RevoGas Repotec/ Metso Operational Commissioning California R&D 1 MW fuel 2013 Greg Commissioning

8 Combustion zone Gasification zone New design of gasifier: G-Volution no more limit in scaling-up, as there is no stationary fluidized bed anymore excellent gas-solids contact between catalytic bed material and product gas, so lower tar content increases of residence times for fuel particles as well as gases with regard to gas-solids interaction solids residence time distribution resembles a cascade of stirred vessels (dispersed downward movement of solids) 100 kw pilot plant at Vienna, University of Technology is in commissioning phase

9 Synthetic Biofuels (FT- Route) Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Wood Chips Gasification Raw Syngas Cleaning/ Conditioning Pure Syngas H 2 /CO= 2 FT- Synthesis Fossil Products (e.g. LGO, HGO, VGO) FT- wax Hydro- (Co)-Processing i/n- paraffins (hydrocarbons) Purge Gas Wax Steam FT- fuels (diesel) Hydrogen (pure/ recycled) HPFT- Fuels (diesel+ kerosene)

10 FT lab scale plant In operation since kg/day of FT raw product Slurry reactor, because of excellent heat transfer and easy scaling up Gas treatment removes Sulphur to below 10ppb Cobalt and Iron- based catalyst were tested Fully automatic 10

11 ASF MODEL AND CORRECTED PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION W n n(1 ) 2 n 1 log W n n (1 ) nlog( ) log 2

12 Synthetic Biofuels (FT- Route) Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Wood Chips Gasification Raw Syngas Cleaning/ Conditioning Pure Syngas H 2 /CO= 2 FT- Synthesis Fossil Products (e.g. LGO, HGO, VGO) FT- wax Hydro- (Co)-Processing i/n- paraffins (hydrocarbons) Purge Gas Wax Steam FT- fuels (diesel) Hydrogen (pure/ recycled) HPFT- Fuels (diesel+ kerosene)

13 Properites of FT Wax Carbon range Melting range Density at 130 C Viscosity at 130 C C/H/O C25 C105 ~ C kg/dm³ 6.62 mm²/s 85/14.7/0.3 %wt. 13

14 Conversion of FT wax Hydroprocessing Hydrocracking and hydroisomerisation in presence of catalyst and high pressure hydrogen atmosphere Used for removal of sulphur and nitrogen in almost every refinery Fluid Catalytic Cracking Standard unit in refinery for conversion of vacuum gas oil to olefins and gasoline 14

15 Results FFC 15

16 Results HP catalyst A 16

17 Results HP catalyst B 17

18 Results Kerosene About 20-50% of the waxes can be converted to kerosene (boiling range C) Cold flow behaviour in the range of -30 to -60 C (freezing point) Analysis according to ASTM D7566, Annex A1 for F-T SPK* is going on (F-T SPK have been approved as maximum 50% blend stock in jet fuel) On Hydroprocessing more catalysts with different isomerisation behaviour will be tested *Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene 18

19 Conversion of wind and photovoltaic to transportation fuels H 2 O electrolysis H 2 H2/CO = 2:1 Gas cooling and cleaning CO 2 removal FT synthesis Upgrading Product gas Flue gas CO 2 GASIFIER COMBUSTOR FT-diesel FT-kerosene Biomass Steam + CO 2 Air + additional fuel H 2 + CO 2 H 2 O + CO RWGS

20 CO 2 gasification

21 Winddiesel Energy & Chemical Engineering Funded by:

22 Work Programme Experimental: Load change behaviour, catalyst selection, verification of the simulation Simulation: Design parameter of a large-scale plant, process comparison of competing technologies Economics: Determination of the investment and operating costs of large-scale facilities, comparison with competing technologies 22

23 Theoretical Product Yield of a 100 MW Gasification Plant with different Gasification Agents Product Yield [t/a] ca ca ca ca % CO 2 50% CO 2 75% CO 2 100% CO 2 Percentage CO 2

24 Conclusion Winddiesel Conversion of electricity to transportation fuels, especially to kerosene and diesel for heavy transport (no chance with electric mobility) One possibility to increase the carbon conversion in from biomass to biofuels First results are very promising, as slurry reactor is ideal for load changes Effect on catalyst lifetime has to be monitored in future 24

25 Information Dr.Reinhard Rauch Vienna University of Technology Bioenergy2020+ Phone: ( ) Skype: reinhard.rauch.tuwien More info at