Full House. A bioclimatic card game

Transcription

1 Full House. A bioclimatic card game Peña Fernández-Serrano, Martino (MP)¹ ¹ UPCT, Cartagena, Spain Abstract: The card game called Full House tries to teach and explain the methods, strategies, materials and process to be use in order to design according to the bioclimatic architecture. Goal of the project is to introduce the bioclimatic architecture in our society in a intuitive and pedagogic way to make sure that those process have been understood and that the sustainable design begin to be used in our cities and developments. Full House creates a set of rules and standards that permit us classified the information. There are four principals field where all of these strategies, methods, are ordered. These groups are as follows: Ecological Urbanism, Construction Systems, Installation Systems, Ecological Materials. After the commissioning of a project where several dwellings have to be planned with bioclimatic standards we decide to prove the card play called Full House. 36 dwelling have to be planned according to the green concepts and terms. All of them are described in our play card called Full House. Keywords; Full House, card game, bioclimatic architecture, green concepts, dwellings Introduction One of the main challenges facing the bioclimatic architecture is to make his tools or his way of acting compressible to the normal public. It is necessary to explain his methods and strategies to all the actors that are involved in the construction process, and it is important to make all of them part of the whole. In order to achieve objects, buildings, and urban systems that are sustainable and friendly with the environment, we have to get all the society involved. First at all we have to teach them how we can design those elements. We should be able to show them a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills that help us to design and to explain the bioclimatic architecture. In the other hand after the building is made, we should know how could we reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health, and that is a knowledge that we should be able to transmit to the people that are acting in the construction process. Imagen 1: Full House. A card game 1

2 The card game called Full House tries to teach and explain the methods, strategies, materials and process to be use in order to design according to the bioclimatic architecture. Goal of the project is to introduce the bioclimatic architecture in our society in a intuitive and pedagogic way to make sure that those process have been understood and that the sustainable design begin to be used in our cities and developments. It is also true that there is a wealth of information that it has to be ordered in order to be transmitted it properly. The project classifies this great amount of information and to one side permits the designer to deal with the others constructions participants (promoter, technicians, and construction companies) and in the other side to use the card game as an educational and pedagogic tool that allows us to teach and shows how works the bioclimatic architecture. Full House creates a set of rules and standards that permit us classified the information. There are four principal groups where all of the card/file are introduce and ordered. Full House a bioclimatic game card has been awarded by several institution like the UPCT (Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena) and CREA from the Council from Murcia. It has been also exposed in a national exposition called Experiencias y Futuros developed by the CSCAE (Consejo Superior de Colegios de Arquitectos de España) Main motivation Bioclimatic architecture refers to a structure and using process that it is responsible with the environment and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from sitting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. In order to achieved those goals there is a lot of methods, construction systems, energy systems, installation systems, urban strategies, etc that it could be used. All of this information is very large and sometimes a bit difficult to be found. Full House pretend to be a design tool that allow the design team to have all them classified and allow us to explain those strategies and methods to all the components of the building process at all the project stages. Full House creates a set of rules and standards that permit us classified the information. There are four principals field where all of these strategies, methods, are ordered. These groups are as follows: Ecological Urbanism, Construction Systems, Installation Systems, Ecological Materials. Each group will be identified with a colour and there is a card index per group. Each card/file that describes same method or strategy or material, has to pertain to a group and have those contents; - A short description and definition of the method, strategy, material or construction system. - Advantages and disadvantages of the element - Possibility of combination with other cards/files of the game called Full House - Icons and symbols that help connect them with other card according to themes (electricity, cold, heat) - Relative or approximate cost of the proposal. - Tables, diagrams and other useful specifications Full House creates a set of rules and standards that permit us classified the information in order to use them. Those rules allows the users to play with the game as educational or leisure tool. It is also true that bioclimatic architecture requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. Full House makes possible the interaction with the customer to formalize a project with elements of bioclimatic architecture 2

3 because with the card/file we can quickly explain those methods, materials and systems that could be use in the project. We also understand that Full House is a way of raising awareness in the society at the moment that they are involve in a project that will be made in a sustainable process and help us to transform the society into a active component who is able to choose and understand those method and strategies. We also see the great potential in the field of education, both in early childhood education and adult education because of its playful and ease in handling. It is a very useful tool for teachers and educators that allow them to transmit and explain the bioclimatic strategies and methods. Imagen 2: Full House. Card game cover Ecological Urbanism Under this group called Ecological Urbanism it will be describes same methods, tools and strategies that could be used to plan our cities and development in a sustainable way. Urban planners who are interested in achieving sustainable development or sustainable cities use various design principles and techniques when designing cities and their infrastructure. Both urban and rural planning can benefit from including sustainability as a central criterion when laying out roads, streets, buildings and other components of the built environment. Conventional planning practice often ignores or discounts the natural configuration of the land during the planning stages. Applying methods such as scientific modeling to planned building projects can draw attention to problems before construction begins, helping to minimize damage to the natural environment. In ecological urbanism will be described same ways of developing housing projects from the very beginning. It will be analyzed the pros and cons of the collective housing and the detached houses, some advantages of passive systems in cities design like caves housing or the use of terracing when it has been built on the face of a mountain. It will be talked about systems in urban development and it will be considered how important are parameter like density and collectives dwellings in sustainable urban design. In the last years high density as term and as a concept has been appeared in a positive way. It will be tried not to waste large natural areas and the advantages of a high densities development shall be understood by the population as well as the collective aggregation in order to capitalize on the available resources. The common areas of the development have to 3

4 be planned following same bioclimatic strategies. The green common design areas and the reuse of the raining water could be help to make sustainable architecture. Tools are too; the design of wider pedestrian pathway, bike share station in commercial downtown, locate parking lot far from the shopping center, limit on street parking, slower traffic lane in downtown area. Transportation is becoming a problem in the development of sustainable planning; in one hand we shall provide the road to the cars in the other hand we want to reduce them. Construction Systems In this group of cards will be described those active and passive building systems that allows us to build without using too much energy from the very beginning of the process. Sustainable architecture attempts to reduce the collective environmental impacts during the production of building components, during the construction process, as well as during the lifecycle of the building. There are methods, and systems that we can use in winter in order to heat our dwelling, or other strategies that we will use to cool it in the summer time to create artificial climate environments. This design practice emphasizes efficiency of heating and cooling systems, and it will be preferred those that are passive systems. This challenge suggests architects and planners design solutions that can function without pollution rather than just reducing pollution. As technology progresses in architecture and design theories and as examples are built and tested, architects will soon be able to create not only passive, nullemission buildings, but rather be able to integrate the entire power system into the building design.in passive solar design all of the parts of the building are used to collect, store and distribute the energy of the sun in winter and to reject solar heat in summer. The systems that will be described in the play card are; Trombe wall where a wall is built on the winter sun side of a building with a glass external layer and a high heat capacity internal layer separated by a layer of air. Heat in close to UV spectrum passes through the glass almost unhindered then is absorbed by the wall that then re-radiates in the far infrared spectrum which does not pass back through the glass easily, hence heating the inside of the building what it is close to the glass house or green house as a passive system that is also describes as a card/file.building systems that will be used in summer in order to reject the solar heat like Green roof. They have several purposes for a building, such as absorbing rainwater, providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife, etc.others processes are based in Mediterranean traditional strategies like the using of Patios or Cross-ventilation. Patios are perfect bioclimatic tools that allow us to modify direct or indirect the climatic conditions of a building without using energy at all. Solar chimney expel warm air from the room, they work as they conventional chimney do but with the smoke. It is a way of improving the natural ventilation of buildings by using convection of air heated by passive solar energy. Wind catcher provides natural ventilation and refreshing of the air. A technology closely related to the solar chimney is the evaporative down-draft cool tower. In areas with a hot, arid climate this approach may contribute to a sustainable way to provide air conditioning for buildings. 4

5 Imagen 3: 36 bioclimatic dwellings. Javalí Viejo. Murcia. TXLarquitectos Imagen 4: Full House. Three cards; Conductos enterrados, Sistemas de ralentización, Index of the Installation Systems. Installation Systems It will be described active systems to produce energy and those that could be integrated in the building object as a part of the architectural process. Sustainable technology in the energy sector is based on utilizing renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind, hydro, bioenergy, geothermal, and hydrogen. Solar power can be harnessed through Photovoltaic cells. Solar radiation can be directly transformed into electricity that can be use in the dwelling. Solar water heating have been established for many years, the storage tank is horizontally mounted immediately above the solar collectors on the roof of the buildings and in order to heat water using solar energy, a collector, often fastened to a roof or a wall facing the sun, heats working fluid that is either pumped (active system) or driven by natural convection (passive system) through it.important are the systems and methods that help us to reuse the water. Sustainable water technologies have become very important and allow us to plan solutions to supply water in a sustainable manner. Nowadays it will be differentiated between qualities of water for 5

6 different purposes, so they do not have to have all of them potable quality. Recycled water is treated to remove solids and certain impurities and can be used in sustainable gardening. These methods could be use together with same strategies of the Ecological Urbanism card/files. Same traditional heating systems will be also explained. Under floor heating systems are evaluated for sustainability, and it could be use to heat room and places together with collectors that are heating the water in a close system. Low temperature under floor heating is embedded in the floor or placed under the floor covering. A heat pump could be considered as a sustainable energy strategies in the fact that it is a systems that is taking energy out from the earth, water and air and redirecting it to produces heat or cooling Ecological Materials In this group we begin to elaborate a list of ecological materials that can be used in order to achieve a sustainable architecture. The expression passive building refers to a construction standard that can be achieved using various types of construction materials that have to be made according to the sustainable rules. First of all it could be not be used too much energy in order to produce them and they must be natural materials in order to be recycled. The conservation of natural resources is the main objective of the green building approach. A natural resource is a raw material, whose properties are used by humans or other species to satisfy a need. Natural resources can be used in their raw state, with possibly some processes that do not alter them. Under this name will be differentiated several Groups according to the construction systems where they belong to. There is, for example, cellular concrete that it has been produced with sustainable standard to be used in structural systems. In order to build the exterior walls, insulating load-bearing clay bricks could be used. It is a self-insulating material. The thermal insulation produced is in fact a combination of insulation and thermal inertia achieved by multiple air holes and extending the thermal path crossing the wall. As a resistant and durable heat regulation system and humidity barrier, the insulating clay brick displays have admirable performance. Natural wood could be utilized as insulated material too. Hemp plant is well known for his insulated properties. From hemp fiber putting together it could be made an excellent thermal insulation used in construction. Cork has same properties, in this case cork panels will be produced in order to insulate the buildings walls. Wood offers good insulation both in winter and summer by naturally contributing to the thermal inertia necessary to keep warmth inside during the winter and maintain coolness in summer. It can significantly reduce heating consumption in winter.wood occupies a primordial place in the green building approach. It could be used in structures, inside wall, windows and doors, floor etc. The benefits reside in the fact that wood is a clean material that generates neither radon nor static electricity. Wood protects itself naturally. It is also an excellent thermal and hygrometric regulator, regulating ambient humidity like other green building construction materials. There are construction materials that are made from wood as raw material. Linoleum is one of them, producing a very comfortable floor material that could be easily recycled and consume low energy to be made. A project with bioclimatic dwellings After the commissioning of a project where several dwellings have to be planned with bioclimatic standards we decide to prove the card play called Full House. We had the opportunity to use this method with the promoter in order to build and plan a part of the city with active and passive low energy strategies to make a sustainable environment. 36 dwelling have to be planned according to the green concepts and terms, and we have the tool to explain 6

7 those we decide that they will appear in the building process. All of them are described in our play card called Full House. Due to a strong uneven terrain we decided to design the dwellings with different floors. So there are three levels with different elevations and they are rooms in followings levels; 0,00 4,50 and 9,40 meters. In the 4,50 elevation appears a pedestrians street that permit to all the dwellings get in contact with the exterior and with each others and it will have a urban character where the inhabitant could meet others. To arrive the different levels, we decide to make that we have called solar towers. Inside of them there are not only stairs and lifts but they accommodated photovoltaic cells and collectors too, that are put on their outside skin in order to produce energy. Those solar towers operate as visuals landmarks that could be recognized as energetic machines that help the community to understand the whole design plan as a bioclimatic town.the building system is formed by two parallel housing blocks with tablet form that are linked by green bands. The roof appears as a fifth facade, having a very important role in the project due to it is the part of the design where are situated great part of the bioclimatic strategies.to provide to the design planning bioclimatic character and to decide with the promoter the strategies and systems that will be used, the play card Full House will be used. So the followings card/file were selected; in the group Ecological Urbanism it will be utilized two systems, Caves housing and Grouped housing. In the group Construction Systems it will be decided together with the promoter followings files; Patio, Cross-ventilation, Green roof, Wind catcher. According to Installation Systems will be choose Solar collectors and renewable water systems. Caves housing will be selected because of the uneven terrain. It was decided to bury part of the dwelling so it will be minimized the lost of heat and energy. In the same way it is already know the advantages of Grouped housing, where the use of common areas and energy is optimized. Both of them are passive systems, so they do not need input of extra energy.relating to Construction Systems, it will be used; Patio that is a traditional system that allows us to temper the exterior air in order to heat it or to cool it inside. It is important to design correctly the voids size and situation to have a Cross-ventilation inside the house. Windcatcher provides natural ventilation and refreshing of the air. Green roof will be choose because the roof is the fifth façade in the project but with a green character. They have several purposes for a building, such as absorbing rainwater, providing insulation, creating a habitat for wildlife.as Installation Systems will be selected the card called Solar collectors, they were put on solar tower skin in order to provide warm water to the whole town. There are several Renewable water systems that will be used in order to recycle the water. 7

8 Imagen 5: 36 bioclimatic dwellings. Javalí Viejo. Murcia. TXLarquitectos 8