NAEP released item, grade 4
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- Dwain Richard
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1 One hot, sunny day Sally left two buckets of water out in the sun. The two buckets were the same except that one was black and one was white. At the end of the day, Sally noticed that the water in the black bucket felt warmer than the water in the white bucket. Sally wondered why this happened, so the next day she left the buckets of water out in the hot sun again. She made sure that there was the same amount of water in each bucket. This time she carefully measured the temperature of the water in both buckets at the beginning of the day and at the end of the day. The pictures below show what Sally found. 1. How does the experiment help explain why people often choose to wear white clothes in hot
2 Scoring Guide Score & Description Complete Student explains that white clothes reflect more heat from the Sun than black clothes, or that black clothes absorb more heat from the Sun than white clothes. a. Black clothes soak up the heat from the Sun. b. The Sun's rays bounce off white clothes. Partial Student explains that black clothes attract more heat or white clothing does not attract as much heat. Unsatisfactory/Incorrect Student provides little or no explanation that is related to the heat-absorbing properties of darkcolored clothes and light-colored clothes, or gives unrelated answers. a. They stay cooler in white clothes. b. The Sun likes dark clothes better. Complete - Student Response The student response correctly states that given the choice between wearing white clothes and black clothes, white clothes absorb less heat.
3 The student response correctly states that white clothes reflect sunlight. Partial - Student Response The student response shows understanding that the Sun's rays affect white clothes and black clothes differently, but states a misconception that the black clothes attract the Sun's rays. In reality, the same amount of sunlight is incident upon both types of clothing because color determines how much of the incident light is reflected and how much is absorbed. The student response shows understanding that the Sun's rays affect white clothes and black clothes differently, but states a misconception that the black clothes attract the Sun's rays. In reality, the same amount of sunlight is incident upon both types of clothing because color determines how much of the incident light is reflected and how much is absorbed. Unsatisfactory/Incorrect - Student Response
4 The student response simply states that a person wearing black clothes will feel hotter than a person wearing white clothes. There is no mention of the light-absorbing properties of white clothes or black clothes. The student response states that black is a dark color, but does not explain how the color determines the amount of sunlight absorbed or reflected.
5 Score 2000 National Performance Results Unsatisfactory/incorrect 72% Partial 15% Complete 12% Omitted 0% Off task 1% Percentage of Students Note: These results are for public and nonpublic school students. Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding. The Fields of Science: Earth & Space Sciences (Sub content classification: Water) Knowing and Doing Science : Practical Reasoning
6 The Fields of Science Earth & Space Sciences This question measures basic knowledge and understanding of the following: Water water cycle; nature of the oceans and their effects on water and climate; and location of water, its distribution, characteristics, and effect of and influence on human activity. Knowing and Doing Science Practical Reasoning Practical reasoning probes students' abilities to use and apply science understanding in new, realworld applications.
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1. When you exercise strenuously, your body produces excess heat. Describe what your body does to help prevent your temperature from rising excessively, and explain why the body's response is Scoring Guide
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