GCSE PE REVISION YEAR 11

Transcription

1 YEAR 11

2 Benefits of exercise can be. 1. SOCIAL 2. MENTAL 3. PHYSICAL

3 EXPLAIN THESE TERMS PHYSICAL CHALLENGE ASTHETIC APPRECIATION

4 INFLUENCES ON A PERSONS INVOLVEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE. 1. Cultural 2. Health and Well-being 3. Image 4. People 5. Socio-economic 6. Resources

5 ROLES IN SPORT

6 SPORTS PARTICIPATION PYRAMID Elite/ Excellence Performance Participation Foundation

7 SPORTING INITIATIVES TOP LINK START-STAY- SUCCEED SPORTS EQUIPMENT

8 FITNESS state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity HEALTH EXERCISE The ability to meet the demands of the environment Planned, structured and repeated body movements done to improve one or more components of physical fitness

9 QUESTION TIME If you are physically fit does this mean that you are healthy? Explain your answer Winner Of Tour De France & Then 8 Days Later Wins London 2012

10 HEALTH RELATED Cardiovascular fitness Muscular Strength Muscular Endurance Flexibility Body Composition SKILL RELATED Power Coordination Reaction time Agility Balance Speed

11 Principles of Training SPECIFICITY PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD FITT REST AND RECOVERY INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

12 Threshold * Increasing the amount of physical work you do in order to increase your fitness 120% 100% * Similar to progressive overload, however it gives a clear 80% guideline for safe working levels (provided the individual is healthy) 60% * Suggested that the average performer should train 40% between 60 and 80 per cent of their maximum heart rate 20% How do we work out maximum heart rate? 0% 0-10 minutes minutes minutes minutes

13 GOAL SETTING: SPECIFIC MEASURABLE ACHEIVABLE REALISTIC TIMEBOUND

14 FARTLEK CROSS TRAINING CIRCUIT Methods of training CONTINUOUS INTERVAL WEIGHT TRAINING

15 AEROBIC VS ANAEROBIC

16 Components of a Healthy Diet TASK: unscramble the words below: 7. BFIER 1. CSAERTBOHDRAY 6. TEWRA 5. MINRAELS 2.EIPRONT 4. MIVITNSA 3.TAF

17 Components of a Healthy Diet The answers. 7. FIBRE 1. CARBOHYDRATES 6. WATER 5. MINERALS 2.PROTEIN 4. VITAMINS 3.FAT

18 MACRO NUTRIETS Needed in large amounts in your diet CHO, fat, protein MICRO NUTRIENTS Needed in small amounts Vitamins and minerals

19 TIMING OF DIETARY INTAKE VASCULAR SHUNT MECHANISM When you exercise blood is needed at the muscles The vascular shunt mechanism is where the blood vessels contract at places where the blood is not needed so readily to force the blood ( shunt it) to places it is needed like your muscles during exercise and your digestive system when you have just eaten You get a stitch as a result of not leaving enough time between eating and doing physical activity as not enough blood goes to the digestive system as it is needed more readily at the muscles

20 SOMATOTYPES ECTOMORPH MESOMORPH ENDOMORPH Tall Thin Narrow shoulders and hips Example athletes: high jumpers, long distance runners Muscular physique Wide shoulders, narrow hips Example athletes: Sprinters, swimming, rowing Short Dumpy Narrow shoulders, wide hips Example athlete: sumo wrestlers

21 WEIGHT TERMS: OVERFAT

22 OPTIMUM WEIGHT The ideal weight for different types of athletes will depend on the demands of their sport. Why will the below 2 athletes need to differ in weight?

23 TYPE OF DRUG EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE SIDE EFFECT DRUGS ANABOLIC STEROIDS Increase muscle mass Increases blood pressure BETA BLOCKERS Lower heart rate-calming effect Lowers heart rate to dangerous levels STIMULANTS Increases alertness Insomnia, high blood pressure DIURETICS EPO (PEPTIDE HORMONES) Increase rate of urination- lose weight faster. Masking agent Increase no of red blood cellsincreases body capacity to carry oxygen Dehydration Increased risk of blood clots NARCOTIC ANALGESICS Reduce the feeling of pain Make injuries worse RECREATIONAL DRUGS Variety of effects: Alcohol can calm and nicotine can increase alertness as can caffeine Increased risk of cancer. Alcohol and caffeine can cause dehydration

24 SPRAIN

25 STRAIN

26 DISLOCATION

27 CONCUSSION

28 TENNIS ELBOW

29 STRESS FRACTURE

30 SIMPLE FRACTURE

31 COMPOUND FRACTURE

32 PREVENTING INJURIES

33 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Key terms: KEY TERM Heart Rate Stroke Volume Cardiac Output Blood pressure Cholesterol EXPLANATION Number of times the heart beats per minute The amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute Force exerted by the circulatory blood against the blood vessel walls Fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins which comes in 2 forms (HDL/LDL)

34 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IMMEDIATE EFFECTS Increased working heart rate Increased blood pressure LONG TERM EFFECTS Cardiac Hypertrophy Lower resting heart rate HEALTH EFFECTS Healthier arteries and veins Reduced chance of CHD Increased stroke volume Quicker recovery rate Increases HDL and lowers LDL Increased cardiac output Vascular shunting of blood to working muscles Lower blood pressure at rest Lower blood pressure= lower chance of angina, strokes etc

35 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM SMOKING Increases Heart rate Reduces the amount of HDL In the blood Increases the tendency for the blood to clot ALCOHOL Chronic alcohol can cause hypertension Damage the heart tissue

36 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Key terms: KEY TERM ALVEOLI TIDAL VOLUME VITAL CAPACITY OXYGEN DEBT EXPLANATION Air sacs where gaseous exchange take place The amount of air expired and inhaled with each normal breath The amount of air that can pass in and out of the lungs through maximum inhalation and exhalation The extra oxygen consumed during recovery compared to that consumed at rest

37 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IMMEDIATE EFFECTS Increased Breathing rate Increased depth of breathing Oxygen debt created if working anerobically LONG TERM EFFECTS Improved efficiency of the lungs More alveoli become available for gaseous exchange HEALTH EFFECTS

38 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SMOKING Damages the alveoli Cause lung cancer due to build up of tar

39 Muscular system DELTOIDS PECTORALS BICEPS ABDOMINALS QUADRICEPS TRAPEZIUS TRICEPS LATISSIUMUS DORSI GLUTEALS HAMSTRINGS GASTROCNEMIUS

40 Muscular System JOINT MOVEMENTS: MOVEMENT FLEXION EXTENSION ABDUCTION ADDUCTION ROTATION PLANTAR FLEXION DORSI FLEXION EXPLANATION Angle at the joint is getting smaller Angle at the joint is getting bigger Movement away from the body Movement towards the body Movement around the joint Pointing toes downwards Toes pointing upwards

41 MUSCULAR SYSTEM BICEPS: FLEXION AT THE ELBOW

42 MUSCULAR SYSTEM TRICEPS: EXTENSION AT THE ELBOW

43 MUSCULAR SYSTEM DELTOIDS: ABDUCTION AT THE SHOULDER

44 MUSCULAR SYSTEM LATISSIMUS DORSI: ADDUCTION AT THE SHOULDER

45 MUSCULAR SYSTEM PECTORALS: ADDUCTION AND ROTATION AT THE SHOULDER

46 MUSCULAR SYSTEM TRAPEZIUS: ROTATION OF THE SCAPULAR

47 MUSCULAR SYSTEM ABDOMINALS: FLEXION OF THE TRUNK

48 MUSCULAR SYSTEM GLUTEALS: EXTENSION AT THE HIP

49 MUSCULAR SYSTEM QUADRICEPS: EXTENSION AT THE KNEE

50 MUSCULAR SYSTEM HAMSTRINGS: FLEXION AT THE KNEE

51 MUSCULAR SYSTEM GASTROCNEMIUS: PLANTAR FEXION

52 MUSCULAR SYSTEM How muscles work: Muscles work in pairs. One muscle contracts (AGONIST) While the other relaxes (antagonist) Together they are known as an ANTAGONISTIC PAIR AGONIST BICEP ANTAGONIST QUADRICEP PECTORALS DELTOIDS

53 MUSCULAR SYSTEM TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS: ISOMETRIC ISOTONIC

54 IMMEDIATE AND LONG TERM EFFECTS ON THE MUSCLULAR SYSTEM IMMEDIATE/SHORT TERM EFFECTS LONG TERM EFFECTS LACTIC ACID MAY BUILD UP IF WORKING ANEROBICALLY INCREASE IN FUEL DEMAND- GLYGOGEN FATIGUE INCREASE IN MUSCLE SIZE- HYPERTROPHY INCREASE IN MUSCULAR STRENGTH/ENDURANCE INCREASE IN POWER

55 FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON Movement Provides muscles an attachment to allow movement. Shape Gives shape to the body and makes you tall or short. Protection Some bones protect internal organs. Support holds your vital organs in place. The vertebral column holds the body upright. Blood Production Red blood cells (to carry O2) and white blood cells (to protect against infection) are produced in the bone marrow of some bones.

56 SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF JOINTS: BALL AND SOCKET ALLOW THE BONE TO MOVE ROUND A 360 DEGREE ANGLE ALLOWS FLEXION, EXTENNSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION AND ROTATION EXAMPLES= SHOULDER JOINT AND HIP JOINT

57 SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF JOINTS: HINGE ALLOW MOVEMENT BACKWARD AND FORWARD (FLEXION AND EXTENSION) EXAMPLES= KNEE JOINT, ELBOW JOINT, FINGERS

58 SKELETAL SYSTEM LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 1.Increased bone density 2.Stronger ligaments and tendons MOST BENEFICIAL TYPE OF EXERCISE= WEIGHT BEARING

59 SKELETAL SYSTEM OSTEOPOROSIS

60 SKELETAL SYSTEM HELPING PREVENT OSTEOPOROSIS

61 EXAM TIPS READ THE QUESTION AT LEAST TWICE AND UNDERLINE THE KEY PARTS OF THE QUESTION DO NOT ABREVIATE- IE QUADS FOR THE 6 MARK QUESTIONS WRITE A PLAN AND THINK ABOUT STRUCTURE IE START WITH AN INTRO IF POSSIBLE. REMEMBER SPELLING AND GRAMMAR COUNT DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANKS! CHECK HOW MANY MARKS THE QUESTION IS WORTH.THIS WILL HELP YOU TO KNOW HOW MANY DIFFERENT POINTS ARE NEEDED. LOOK FOR THE BUZZ WORD IE INFLUENCES/ROLES/BENEFITS,JOINT ACTION