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3 Washington s Farewell Address 1796 Gave warning to long-term allies Stay neutral Avoid political parties as they divide Americans not unite them

4 What is Imperialism? The social and economic control of one nation over another nation Europe, Russia, USA and Japan controlled Africa, South America, and Asia (China, Southeast Asia & India)

5 Motives for Imperialism Nationalism Adventure & Economics $ Racism: white superiority over other ethnicities Western Ideas of white man s burden Industrial Revolution: Need cheap resources and labor Protection/Fear

6 Economic Motives $ The Industrial Revolution created a HUGE demand for raw materials and new markets (places to buy & sell).

7 Industrial Roots Abundant raw materials and vast markets are needed in order to maintain an industrialized economy. Raw materials such as iron, wood, coal, oil, rubber and cotton can be turned into products such as steel, energy, tires and textiles. Finally, these products need to be sold to a large market in order to realize a profit. Mercantilism- Western countries extract colonies resources to make products in their home countries. Remember, Great Britain used resources like wood and sugar from the Americas to make ships and rum in Great Britain Also, export more of your goods & services instead of importing goods & services from other countries.

8 A market is a place where goods and services are bought and sold It could be your local store, a group of people, or your community, state, country or even region. For industries to grow, you must control the market Markets Currently, Bill Gates controls the market of operating systems for computers Example: The best market for selling John Deere lawnmowers is the southern region of the US. There are many lawns and wide open grass lands in the South,

9 Competition & World Western Countries: American & European nations became competitive with one another, there was an increased pressure to practice imperialism in order to maintain a balance of power in Europe World Powers begin Power

10 Racism: White Man s Burden Rudyard Kipling: Poem 1899 Idea: the duty of imperializing nations is to bring Western (European) culture and sensibility to the savage native populations- (1900 Asia, South America, Africa)

11 Anglo-Saxon Superiority White, Protestant, Western European prospective of superior technology, religion, class, culture and beliefs

12 Manifest Destiny Americans had the backing of God and should take the West and other areas It was our (U.S.) destiny to spread Christian values inside/outside of the U.S.

13 Social Darwinism Industrialists like Carnegie and Rockefeller led ideas about superior industries and only the strong survive

14 Spheres of influence A spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity, accommodating to the interests of powers outside the sphere is the state that controls it.

15 Jingoism aggressive foreign policy A country's avocations of the use of threats or actual force against other countries in order to safeguard what it perceives as its national interests.

16 Alfred T. Mahan His concept of "sea power" was based on the idea that countries with greater naval power will have greater worldwide impact. shaping the strategic thought of navies across the world, especially in the United States, Germany, Japan and Britain Created a naval arms race buildup.

17 Josiah Strong 1885 Our Country: Popularized Anglo-Saxons as supreme Push missionary work Spread Christianity Anglo-Saxons should dominate the weaker cultures "This race (Anglo-Saxon) is destined to dispossess many weaker ones, assimilated others, and mold of the remainder until... it has Anglo- Saxonized mankind." One of the founders of thesocial Gospel movement that sought to apply Protestant religious principles to solve the social ills brought on by industrialization, urbanization and immigration.

18 1898 American Anti- Imperialism Platform Charles Boutwell Opposed expansion because they believed imperialism violated the fundamental principle that just republican government must derive from "consent of the governed. Ideals expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence, George Washington's Farewell Address and Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

19 Nationalism European nations wanted to demonstrate their power, pride and prestige to the world.

20 What is Nationalism? Culture: Shared beliefs and a way of life create a common bond History: A shared past connects people as a group Religion: A common religion helps unite people Language: A common language is a key element of nationalism Territory: A shared land gives people a sense of unity National song or Anthem: Instills pride and value Examples: military, teams, Star-Spangled Banner

21 Napoleon and Invasion of Europe During the French Revolution 1789, the French people developed nationalism As Napoleon conquered Europe, he spread nationalism throughout Europe. Other countries would rise up and declare freedom

22 France 1700s: France colonize Americas, Africa China & Vietnam French discover Rosetta Stone 1805 which helped translate Egyptian hieroglyphics 1700s-1950s Africa: metals and coal : Vietnam: rubber and rice

23 Germany and Italy Late Many kingdoms; Prussia is the largest kingdom Austria controlled all kingdoms 1870 Germany united Both Italy and Germany competed for parts of Africa Germany also open ports in China

24 German post card 1901

25 June 1900, 140,000 Boxers occupied Peking Boxers were Chinese who wanted Western Powers out Europe weakened China during 1800s England forced Opium Wars and forced China to go broke Unequal Treaties: England made China give up land and ports to Europeans British, Germany, France, Russians and later Japanese US Open Door Policy topped free trade for all nations in China Carve out China!

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27 Great Britain s Empire 1700s: British East India Company started colonies in Americas, Asia & Africa 1830s: British government in charge of India Divide and conquer native people Spread schools, technology, religion, and culture India had Opium and sold to China for tea which they brought back to England

28 1600s Americas 1700s Australia 1850s Control India 1869 Suez Canal greatly increased trade to India : Africa: Egypt & South Africa British results: An increasing number of factories, railroads, hospitals, schools, and roads were built. India, Asia & Africa

29 British outpost: Rorke's Drift 1879 Zulu leader Cetshwayo attacked 139 British troops against about 4,500 Zulus. British won with military training, tactics and technology No machine guns new breach lock rifles helped Zulu Wars

30 European Tactics Change with Technology

31 Boer War Berlin Conference: Divide Africa British and Dutch (Boers) fought for control of South Africa British won!

32 Carve Up Africa! Other European Powers raced to carve up African Resources Belgium: Congo resources Italy: Libya Somalia Spain: West Africa, South America Portugal: Angola

33 1867: America buys Alaska from Russia $7.2 Million President Andrew Johnson Alaska was purchased from the Russians; great land and resources of fur, timber and minerals Oil was not known and became a great deal At the time however, Secretary of State William Seward was made fun of for the deal Seward s Folly or Icebox

34 1867: US Controls Midway Islands First Pacific Island possessed by the US Part of Hawaiian chain Captain Middlebrooks claimed Midway for the United States under theguano Islands Actof 1856, which authorized Americans to occupy uninhabited islands temporarily to obtainguano. On August 28, 1867, Captain William Reynolds of the USSLackawanna formally took possession of the atoll for the United States 1903 Trans-Pacific cable laid out

35 : Panama Canal (control trade) Man-made canal built to increase trade between two oceans US would build and control the Panama Canal for 100 years Trade between Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

36 Old Monroe Doctrine European Powers stay out of the Western Hemisphere 1820s Gave good reason to attack the Spanish colonies and get them away from American sphere of Influence

37 1915 Mexico had changeover of President. U.S. supported President Carranza 1916 Francisco Pancho Villa killed 17 Americans in northern Mexico and later 16 Americans in Columbus, New Mexico March 15, 1916 President Woodrow Wilson sent General Blackjack Pershing and 10,000 army troops to capture/kill Villa in Mexico Never found him Poncho Villa Raids 1917, U.S. worried about Europe and WWI. Mexico received the Zimmerman Telegram (Germany told Mexico to attack U.S. and they would supply weapons). U.S. and world found out and Mexico refused. Mexico not a problem anymore

38 Big Stick Policy President Theodore Roosevelt He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the first incarnation of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of Naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, soldier and politician Nobel Peace Prize

39 Roosevelt Corollary President Theodore Roosevelt in his State of the Union Address in The corollary states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries to enforce legitimate claims of the European powers, rather than having the Europeans press their claims directly.

40 Dollar Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy was designed to make both people in foreign lands and the American investors prosper President William Howard Taft to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. Theodore Roosevelt coined the term

41 Missionary (Moral) Diplomacy "Missionary diplomacy" is a descriptive label often applied to the policies and practices of the United States in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson ( ). Woodrow Wilson's idea of the United States' moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government that was viewed as hostile to American interests. missionary diplomacy was a disaster

42 Japan closed its doors to trade to Western Powers for 250 years 1854 Commodore Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay with black gun ships to open Japan up to trade with West Japan Feudal system is over and they accept modernization and advance like the west. United States

43 Japan Japan industrialized and learned from the Western countries of Germany, Britain, Russia and the US and became a military power by 1890

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45 Japan: The only Asian country to Russo- Japan War Japan took Korea after beating Russians Showed the world that an Asian power could beat a Western Power colonize and imperialize

46 1899: US wanted Open Door Policy of Europeans controlled China s resource markets John Hay proposed letting America into China with equal access to China s resources trade with China

47 1860s First ironclad ships In 1883 Congress authorized construction of the first steel-hulled warships. Shift in1880's from sail to steam and from wood and iron to steel. Steel still used today! New technology 1880s

48 Results of Imperialism Many wars and revolutions Shaped modern 20 th century world countries & conflict Strategies of divide and conquer New technologies lead to new inventions Cultural Diffusion: Blended & ended cultures/beliefs Racism still continues today Power & greed