INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

Transcription

1 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY

2 Sessão Plenária 2 28 de Maio 14h30 16h00 Estratégias de Mitigação das Alterações Climáticas Moderador: Tiago Farias, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal Mitigação de alterações climáticas: como desenvolver uma estratégia, Júlia Seixas, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal Acções e metas de referência para a sustentabilidade, Lorenzo Bono, Ambiente Italia, Itália A estratégia Växjö sem combustíveis fósseis : uma visão de sustentabilidade, Bo Frank, Município de Växjö, Suécia 2

3 Almada, 28 May 2009 Urban benchmark and actions for sustainability Lorenzo Bono 3

4 Urban Ecosystem Europe The report has been worked out by Ambiente Italia Research Institute and financed by DEXIA Group. The survey is endorsed by the NGO Legambiente-Italy and by EU city networks such as ICLEI, UBC, MEDCITIES, CLIMATE ALLIANCE, the French Comité 21, the Italian Coordinamento Agende 21 Locali and ANCI. 4

5 Urban Ecosystem Europe The Urban Ecosystem Europe Report provides an integrated assessment (25 indicators) of 32 main or bigger cities in Europe and focuses on their local responses capacity and needs. The report shows strengths and weaknesses and provides a baseline review clearly addressed to the environmental sustainability dimension, with climate change as core issue. 5

6 A tool coherent with EU policies engagements The 2006 EU - Thematic strategy on the urban environment says that To monitor and up-date the effectiveness of the Strategy, accessible urban data is needed and the EU Parlament (2006) demands common core indicators to allow for comparisons and benchmarking between European cities The Aalborg commitments engage signatories to cooperate with the European Sustainable Cities & Towns Campaign and its networks to monitor and evaluate progress towards meeting sustainability targets. The 2007 EU Leipzig Chart for Sustainable Cities says that Indicators and Benchmaking should become a relevant tool to drive European, national and local policies. 6

7 25 indicators, 6 themes Local action for health - Natural common goods Responsible consumption and lifestyle Planning better mobility, less traffic Energy and Climate change Vibrant, sustainable local economy and social equity, justice and coesion Local Management towards sustainability and Governance 7

8 Energy and transport Energy Balance and CO 2 reduction target Climate and Energy saving policies Electric consumption variation Solar power generation in public buildings Inhabitants connected to district heating system Passengers travelling on public transport Underground and tram lines Cycle paths and lanes availability Number of registered cars 8

9 data collection Metropol. areas Big Medium Mediumsmall Berlin G. London G. Lyon Madrid Paris Roma Barcelona Brussels Milano Napoli Praha Wien Munchen Antwerpen Kobenh. Dresden Goteborg Helsinki Riga Stockholm Zaragoza Hannover Oslo Bristol Aarhus Heidelberg Lefkosia Tampere Turku Patra Durres Aalborg 32 cities (16 countries) 10 northern; 10 central; 9 southern; 3 eastern 9

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11 How is critical the situation? Are there positive reactions? European citizens are exposed to relevant health risks, due to air pollution. The situation is still over the limit. Car users are invading cities, but local policies could succeed. Municipal waste are a waste of energy and materials, but local policies and life styles make the difference. Risks due to climate changes could be avoided also thanks to local administrations, but now it s time to act. 11

12 Energy: local policies A good majority (21) of the 32 cities adopted local CO2 reduction targets Barcelona, Hannover, Munchen, Oslo, Zaragoza and Praha defined very innovative local regulations to improve energy efficiency in buildings In Helsinki, Kobenhavn, Aarhus, Tampere and Stockholm more than 70% of the population is connected to a district heating system. In Oslo all the traffic lights use LED tecnology, 60% in Lyon and 40% in Goteborg Heidelberg administration buy 25% of certified renewable energy for its electric consumptions 12

13 CO 2 target setting Munich: self commitment to a 10 % reduction every 5 years, since Copenhagen: - 20 % in the period and goal of 20 % reduction by 2015 (2005 base). Amsterdam: the strategy New Climate for Amsterdam defines the target -40% by 2025 (1990 base); 30% of the consumed energy must be generated from local renewable energy sources (sun, wind and biomass) by Oslo: -50% by the year 2030 (1990 base). In January 2008, the City Council adopted a Ten point plan for reducing climate gas emissions. 13

14 CO 2 target setting Hamburg: Strategy for Climate Protection: -20% by 2020 (1990 base), but there is a self commitment which aims to reduce CO 2 emissions by 40 % until 2020 and by 80% until Stockholm: -25% per capita CO 2 emissions, from 5.3 tons (1990) to 4.0 tons (2005). The long-term target is to continue at the same rate: in theory, this means to become a fossil fuel free city by

15 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Inhabitants connected to a district heating system (% pop) 15 Praha Wien Paris Milano Lyon Roma Barcelona Helsinki Kobenhavn Riga Stockholm Goteborg Dresden Hannover Oslo Bristol Aarhus Turku Tampere Aalborg Heidelberg big medium small

16 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Traffic lights using LED (% ) 16 Oslo Lyon Goteborg Aalborg Barcelona Helsinki Turku Hannover Antwerpen Roma Durres Heidelberg Praha

17 Energy: public buildings Solar panels diffusion in public buildings is growing: Wien is the best for thermal panels (about m 2 ). Good also Barcelona (4.300 m 2 ) and Lyon (3.500 m 2 ). Munchen has the greatest amount of photovoltaic panels on public buildings (more then kw), followed at a certain distance by Barcelona and Roma. Heidelberg - as the first - and then Hannover, Helsinki and Dresda are the best among smaller sized cities. In Hannover and Copenhagen the first energy audits and retrofitting measures were done more than 10 years ago. Helsinki implemented energy audit in 80% of public buildings. 17

18 Energy: public buildings Copenhagen ( ): electricity consumption -5 %, heating -7 %. Hamburg ( ): energy consumption (electricity+heating) 10%. Stockholm: aim to reduce the energy consumption in the city s own buildings and plants by 10% by 2010 (compared to 2006). Oslo: all new municipal buildings will be of passive/low energy standard. Heating oil will be phased out by the end of 2011 and fossil energy for heating will be phased out entirely by

19 Solar thermal and PV plants on public buildings (kw) big medium small 19 Wien Munchen Barcelona Lyon Paris Roma Madrid Napoli Praha Hannover Helsinki Dresden Goteborg Zaragoza Heidelberg Lefkosia

20 Energy savings in transport Car is used up to 70% for home to work trips in Italian cities, that, together with the Belgians have the higher number of circulating cars: Rome reaches 70 cars every 100 inhabitants, double than Berlin, London and Paris. In Riga and Copenhagen car has a very marginal use (20 cars/100 inh). In Praha workers use public transport (58%) more then cars (27%). Wien, Goteborg, Helsinki, Hannover, Kobenhavn and Stockholm achieved the goal to mantain below 50% the use of car in home to work trips, thanks to the combined use of the bicycle in short medium trips and a qualified public transport related to longer trips. 20

21 Energy savings in transport Amsterdam: only 25% of all journeys under 5 km by private car; 61% by bike. Between 1994 and 1997, 29% of such journeys took place by car and 52% by bicycle. Copenhagen: 36 % of inhabitants use a bike to go to work or study and 98% live less than 350 m from a public transport service. Stockholm: the share of trips to the city centre taken by public transport increased from 57% to 64% during the last ten years. In the morning peak hour, the share increased from 72% to 77%. 21

22 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Percentage of journeys to work (%) 22 Munchen Wien Barcelona Berlin Praha Madrid Milano Napoli Roma Stockholm Hannover Kobenhavn Dresden Helsinki Goteborg Zaragoza Bristol Aalborg Aarhus big medium bike foot underground/rail tram bus car motorbike other small

23 Cycle paths and lanes (m/100 inh) small 23 Wien Munchen Lyon Berlin Bruxelles Paris Praha Barcelona Greater London Roma Milano Madrid Napoli Helsinki Hannover Stockholm Goteborg Kobenhavn Dresden Bristol Oslo Zaragoza Riga Turku Aalborg Tampere Aarhus Heidelberg Patra big 297 medium

24 Urban rail lines: underground and tram (m/100 inh) 24 Milano Wien Munchen Praha Hannover Riga Helsinki Bruxelles Berlino Paris Madrid Barcelona Greater London Lyon Napoli Roma Stockholm Oslo Heidelberg Antwerpen Kobenhavn medium-small big

25 Download the report 25

26 Cycle paths and lanes (m/100 inh) 26 Wien Munchen Lyon Berlin Bruxelles Paris Praha Barcelona Greater London Roma Milano Madrid Napoli Helsinki Hannover Stockholm Goteborg Kobenhavn Dresden Bristol Oslo Zaragoza Riga Turku Aalborg Tampere Aarhus Heidelberg Patra big 297 medium small PM10: number of daily means exceeding 50 μg/mc (highest values) small traffic background eater London Roma Milano Madrid Barcelona Praha Paris Munchen Wien Berlin Lyon Bruxelles Napoli Riga Zaragoza Kobenhavn Stockholm Antwerpen Hannover Dresden Oslo Helsinki Goteborg Bristol Patra Aalborg Heidelberg Aarhus Tampere Turku big medium Hannover median NO2 Separated collect. PM 10 Waste Solar power P ublic transport Water co ns. Cycling P arks and gardens Benchmark your city limit value

27 Next steps : PRIMUS, EU research project coordinated by Iclei, with the aim to refine the european urban ecosystem methodology together with researcher, politicians and stakeholders and to test it in 100 pilot cities : CHAMP, EU LIFE+ Project coordinated by UBC, with the aim to develop an extensive training for integrated urban management reducing EU greenhouse gases up to

28 Thanks for your attention! 28