Arable landscapes and multiple ecosystem services in The Netherlands

Transcription

1 Arable landscapes and multiple ecosystem services in The Netherlands Willemien Geertsema 1, Feli Bianchi 2, Walter Rossing 2, Joop Schaminee 3 and Wopke van der Werf 1 Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands 1 Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, 2 Farming Systems Ecology, 3 Nature Conservation & Vegetation Science AAB conference Pollinators in Agriculture, 1-3 April 2014

2 Landscape as a re-design object

3 Biocontrol, and more Biocontrol Agricultural returns Soil fertility Biodiversity Landscape amenity Water quality Recreational value etc To which etent can biocontrol and pollination benefit from other societal objectives?

4 Research versus design Objectives: actors Means: crops, SNH Configuration: space Speaker's name Meeting and date Goewie, 1993

5 Outline Framework for assessment of multiple ES Approach to quantifying arthropod-mediated ES: biocontrol and pollination Work in progress; case studies Hoeksche Waard and Flevoland Functies (ESD) Belanghebbenden Ministerie I&M / DLG X X X X X X X Provincie X X X Gemeenten Waterschap X X X Boeren / LTO / HWODKA X X X X X X X X Rietgors X X X X Natuurbeheerders / PPO X X X X X SOHW X X X Eenjarige akkerranden Maatregelen Meerjarige akkerranden Gewas diversiteit Bosjes, hagen, hoogstam Bomen langs wegen Erfbeplanting Natuurlijke oevers Verschaling wegbermen Wandelpaden Ecologisch dijkbeheer Overhoeken uit productie nemen Vogelakkers Picknickplekken Inzet van mensen uit de streek Sluiten van kringlopen / compostering van maaisel Minimale inputs Kennis ontwikkeling Verbinden van natuur Water bassins Fietsknooppunt systeem Kano routes geen biologische landbouw landschap open houden stadsboeren Rendabele landbouw / neveninkomsten Efficiente voedselproductie Vruchtbare bodem Biodiversiteit / natuur / bewustwording Natuurlijke plaagbestrijding Aantrekkelijk landschap Waterkwaliteit Waterafvoer Cultureel erfgoed Recreatie Wonen Energiebesparing / C-vastlegging Dijk/wegen veiligheid Duurzaam ondernemen Waterberging / waterbeschikbaarheid

6 A framework for eploring alternative multi-functional landscapes Nature value Gross margin

7 A framework for eploring alternative multi-functional landscapes Nature value Rank 1 Rank 1 Rank 1 Rank 1 Gross margin

8 A framework for eploring alternative multi-functional landscapes Nature value Rank 1 Rank 1 Rank 1 Rank 1 Gross margin

9 A framework for eploring alternative multi-functional landscapes Nature value Gross margin

10 evolutionary algorithm A framework for eploring alternative multi-functional landscapes generate by allocating land-use activities evaluate for multiple indicators Nature value 1 rank using non-weighting Pareto-based methods Landscape IMAGES Gross margin

11 evolutionary algorithm A framework for eploring alternative multi-functional landscapes generate by allocating land-use activities evaluate for multiple indicators Nature value Pareto or trade-off frontier rank using non-weighting Pareto-based methods Landscape IMAGES Gross margin Pareto ranking applicable with any number of objectives

12 Outline Framework for assessment of multiple ES Approach to quantifying arthropod-mediated ESs: biocontrol and pollination Functies (ESD) Belanghebbenden Ministerie I&M / DLG X X X X X X X Provincie X X X Gemeenten Waterschap X X X Boeren / LTO / HWODKA X X X X X X X X Rietgors X X X X Natuurbeheerders / PPO X X X X X SOHW X X X Eenjarige akkerranden Maatregelen Meerjarige akkerranden Gewas diversiteit Bosjes, hagen, hoogstam Bomen langs wegen Erfbeplanting Natuurlijke oevers Verschaling wegbermen Wandelpaden Ecologisch dijkbeheer Overhoeken uit productie nemen Vogelakkers Picknickplekken Inzet van mensen uit de streek Sluiten van kringlopen / compostering van maaisel Minimale inputs Kennis ontwikkeling Verbinden van natuur Water bassins Fietsknooppunt systeem Kano routes geen biologische landbouw landschap open houden stadsboeren Rendabele landbouw / neveninkomsten Efficiente voedselproductie Vruchtbare bodem Biodiversiteit / natuur / bewustwording Natuurlijke plaagbestrijding Aantrekkelijk landschap Waterkwaliteit Waterafvoer Cultureel erfgoed Recreatie Wonen Energiebesparing / C-vastlegging Dijk/wegen veiligheid Duurzaam ondernemen Waterberging / waterbeschikbaarheid

13 Requirements of beneficial arthropods Crops are disturbed habitats Non-crop habitats provide life-support functions for NE&P throughout the year: Alternative prey/hosts Floral food sources Shelter Hibernation sites

14

15 State of the art Spatially indeed regression approaches are common......but do not capture underlying biological mechanisms Bianchi et al Bianchi et al Landscape Ecology

16 Objectives of the study 1. Document ecological prerequisites of beneficial arthropods and map resources provided by (wild) plant species 2. Simulate and map spatial distribution of ecosystem services (ES) 3. Evaluate the compatibility of biocontrol and pollination with other land use objectives

17 (1) From plant to resource Database of plant-mediated resources nectar, aphids & Lepidoptera resource dynamics differentiate between functional groups of beneficial arthropods resource amount

18 (1) Requirements and resources Beneficial arthropods honey bees solitary bees (short tongue) solitary bees (long tongue) bumble bees syrphids parasitoid wasps lady beetles Resource requirement need for pollen need for nectar nesting/hibernation sites seasonality Plant traits flowering time nectar pollen flower morphology main pollinators main natural enemies...

19 (1) Data sources Nectar: corolla depth of flowers (van Rijn, IOBC/WPRS Bulletin; Wäckers, unpublished data) Prey/hosts: plant-insect herbivore associations (e.g. Weeda et al Nederlandse oecologische flora; Koster Planten vademecum) Scaling up from species: National Vegetation Database (Schaminée et al. 2006; Synbiosys website)

20 (1) Mapping resources: National Vegetation Database Nectar; community 1 Aphids; community 1

21 (1) Anticipated result B Nectar cereal alfalfa forest SW forest edge field margin urban oilseed rape pasture D Aphids Lepidoptera

22 (2) Ecosystem service potential Dynamic resource maps Spatially eplicit models Maps of ecosystem service potential

23 Bianchi et al (2) Anticipated result: spatial and temporal Spatio-temporal distribution dynamics: May of ES A B C Aphids May D August July cereal alfalfa forest SW forest edge field margin urban oilseed rape pasture Ladybeetles 1km

24 Rounding up Biocontrol and pollination may need allies in other Ecosystem Services at landscape scale Framework needed for evaluation of multiple ES simultaneously: Landscape IMAGES model Spatially eplicit linkage of landscape resources and BC&P requirements contributes science-based indicators for landscape re-design

25 Thank you for your attention! The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under the grant agreement n PURE

26 Floral resources in some vegetation types Willow-forests: rich in spring & summer, poor in autumn:

27 (2) Eample of spatial distribution map of ES Parasitism Forest density low high Baveco & Bianchi 2007