OMHOOG MET HET VEEN RESULTS & PERSPECTIVES FOR PALUDICULTURE IN THE PEAT MEADOW LANDSCAPE. Bas van de Riet & Niels Hogeweg Landschap Noord-Holland

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1 OMHOOG MET HET VEEN RESULTS & PERSPECTIVES FOR PALUDICULTURE IN THE PEAT MEADOW LANDSCAPE Bas van de Riet & Niels Hogeweg Landschap Noord-Holland

2 Omhoog met het Veen in Ilperveld Omhoog met het Veen PeatCap

3 Water- & nature compensation Aerophoto Eelde Menno Schaeffer Wesley Overman

4 Peat meadows: drainage & subsidence % drainage subsidence F. de Vries, Alterra WUR

5 Peat drainage: a cascade of problems CO2 emission climate change peat oxidation mineralisation & leaching N,P water quality issues internal eutrophication drainage desiccation natural habitats peat loss conflicts between land use functions shrinkage / consolidation shrinkage/consolidation disappearing peat landscape increase in water management costs subsidence increase flood risk bewerkt naar Wetterskip Fryslân

6 Omhoog met het Veen ( ) Goals compensate natural values (Sphagnum dominated vegetation) stop peat oxidation & restore peat forming vegetation restore ecosystem services AF de Jong

7 Project location onderbemaling dairy/cattle farming boezem boezem N & P in soil, desiccated peat production grassland low water table (70 cm-ss) manured yearly AF de Jong

8 Challenges Restore peat forming vegetation on agriculturally used pastures Conserve existing peat soil as much as possible AF de Jong

9 Depth in cm Site construction (summer 2013) Superficially sodcut (ca. 5 cm) Olsen P (µmol/l veldverse bodem) AF de Jong

10 Site construction Raised water level Application of Sphagnum capitula AF de Jong

11 Site construction Waterbuffer

12 Results I: peat forming vegetation Sept-13

13 Results I: peat forming vegetation Sept-13 May-14

14 Results I: peat forming vegetation Sept-13 May-15 May-14

15 Results II: biodiversity Spearwort buttercup Marsh pennywort Marsh bedstraw Marsh violet Round-leaved sundew

16 Results II: biodiversity Blacktailed godwit Spoonbill Common snipe

17 Results III: ecosystem services Greenhouse gas emissions okt-14 dec-14 feb-15 low methane emissions despite watertable rise net sink for carbon dioxide (fotosynthesis >> respiration) to be continued.. source: Eva van den Elzen

18 Conclusions so far.. - Restoration of Sphagnum growth on agriculturally used peat meadows is possible! - Sphagnum palustre and S. fimbriatum can cope with high soil nutrient concentrations. - Characteristic vascular plant species were (unintentionally) introduced/present in the seed bank; conditions seem suitable. - Rewetting greatly reduces GHG emissions; methane emissions remain low. tweemetdenatuur.nl Peter Melman

19 Factors of key importance 1. Hydrology Can we keep it wet enough? irreversibly degraded topsoil

20 Factors of key importance 2. Water quality Can we buffer enough precipitation? Will water quality improvements make buffering unnecessary? source: Eva van den Elzen

21 Factors of key importance 3. Competitive vascular plants Pick your donor site carefully! Can frequent mowing reduce abundance of grassland species? Juncus effusus Ranunculus repens

22 Come visit us! - Educational trail in Ilperveld -

23 fosfaat (mg/liter) Paludiculture eutrophic conditions Cattail eutrophic conditions (no sod-cutting?) high biomass production: 7 15 (-25) ton DM ha -1 y withstands large waterlevel fluctuations demand for biomass (2 factories): euro/ton DM! tijd (dagen)

24 Hans Joosten, Naporo Natte landbouw 1 ha cattail = 3 x roof insulation 1 ha = 3 x 35m 3 fibers = 105 m 3 price of comparable products 100 euro/m 3

25 Paludiculture oligotrophic conditions Sphagnum-farming Omhoog met het Veen runs parallel to Hankhausen-pilot Sphagnum as substitute in potting soil triple benefits for climate: subsidence, peat conserved, transport application as: peatfree potting soil, substrate for orchids Hans Joosten, Jan Peter 105 miljoen stuks (2011) omzet 415 miljoen euro

26 Opportunities for the peat meadow landscape Hankhausermoor, University of Greifswald paludiculture! Dikte van de veenmoslaag 15 cm, max. 30 cm Joosten, 2011

27 Opportunities for the future.. Why transition to paludiculture? Conserve peat, stop subsidence & reduce emissions Sustainable alternative land use: gain income Examples: - Typha for construction/insulation material - Sphagnum for peat free compost - Azolla for fodder, manure crop, proteins - and many more..

28 Opportunities for environment & nature NNN Paludiculture in NNN paludi-buffers around + wet corridors between reserves soil nutrient extraction via biomass yield transitional stage to nieuwe natuur climate adaptation strategy

29 Opportunities for the future.. CINDERELLA-project Upscaling paludiculture initiatives from lab to field CINDERELLA Paludiculture Fuel, fodder and fibre ranging from 5-20 (35!) t ha -1 a -1 Water treatment effect removes kg N ha -1 a -1 Nutrient removal from harvest ~ 250 kg N & 15 kg P ha -1 a -1 Water storage + retention of million dm³ ha -1 per event Regional cooling of 1-4 W m -2

30 Many thanks.. Hans Joosten John Couwenberg Leon Lamers Eva van den Elzen Christian Fritz Jeroen Geurts Jelle Abma Many volunteers