NALANDA OPEN UNIVERSITY

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1 PART I, PAPER I (Fundamentals of Environmental Science & Ecology) 1. Analyze the factors who determine the environment of a region. mu dkjdksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft, tks fdlh izns'k ds i;kzoj.k dk fu/kkzj.k djrs gsa A 2. Give an account of the structure and composition of Atmosphere. ok;qeamy dh lajpuk,oa laxbu dk fooj.k nhft, A 3. Describe the following : fueukafdr dk o.kzu dhft, %& (i) Energy flow in the ecosystem ¼ikfjLFkSfrd ra= esa ÅtkZ izokg½ (ii) Salient features of Primary and secondary productivity. ¼izkFkfed,oa f}rh;d ¼xkS.k½ mrikndrk dh fo'ks"krk;sa½ 4. What are the characteristics of fresh water? Write about the types of fresh water bodies with suitable examples. LoPN ty dh D;k fo'ks"krk;sa gsa \ LoPN ty fudk;ksa ds fdrus izdkj gsa \ mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft, A 5. Define Ecology. Give an account of its principles and scope. ikfjflfkfrdh dks ifjhkkf"kr dhft, A blds fl)kurksa vksj dk;z&{ks= dk fooj.k nhft, A 6. Define Ecosystem. Discuss the types of ecosystem with suitable examples. ikfjra= dks ifjhkkf"kr dhft, A ikfjra= fdrus izdkj ds gksrs gsa \ mnkgj.k ds lkfk o.kzu dhft, A 7. What are Bio-geochemical Cycles? Describe any two gaseous cycles and any one sedimentary cycle. tso&hkwjklk;fud pø D;k gs \ nks xslh; pøksa,oa fdlh,d volknh pø dk o.kzu dhft,a 8. Give an account of the salient features of the grassland and arid ecosystems. gfjhkweh;,oa e:lfkyh; ikfjra=ksa ¼ikfjLFkSfrd ra=ksa½ dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 9. Define bio-community. Throw light on its origin and types of its succession. tso&leqnk; dks ifjhkkf"kr dhft, A mldh mrifùk,oa vuqøe.k ds izdkjksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 10. Write short notes on any Two of the following : fueufyf[kr esa ls fdugha nks ij laf{kir fviif.k;k fyf[k, %& (i) Population Ecology ¼lef"V ikfjlfksfrdh½ (ii) Concept of Eutrophication ¼lqiks"k.k dh ladyiuk½ (iii) Food-web ¼vkgkj&tky½ Examination Programme-2013 M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part I Date Paper Time Examination Centre Paper I 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper II 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper III 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper IV 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper V 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper VI 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper VII 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper VIII 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna

2 PART I, PAPER II (Environmental Geo-Science) 1. Critically examine the hypothesis of Laplace regarding origin of the solar system. lksjeamy dh mrifùk lecu/kh ysiysl dh ifjdyiuk dk vkykspukred ijh{k.k dhft, A 2. Critically examine the Tidal theory propounded by Jeans and Jeffereys. thul rfkk tsqjs }kjk izfrikfnr Tokjh; fl)kur dk vkykspukred ijh{k.k dhft, A 3. How the seismology throw light on the internal structure of the earth? Discuss. HkwdEi fokku fdl izdkj i`foh dh vkurfjd lajpuk ij izdk'k Mkyrk gs \ foospuk dhft, A 4. What do you mean by lithosphere? Throw light on the composition of lithosphere. LFkyeaMy ls D;k le>rs gsa \ LFkyeaMy dh lajpuk ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 5. What is Tide? Discuss the causes of tides and throw light on different types of tides. Tokj HkkVk D;k gs \ Tokj HkkVk ds dkj.kksa dh foospuk dhft, rfkk fofhkuu izdkj ds Tokj&HkkVk ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 6. Give an account of the evolution of life in biosphere and their development. tsoeamy esa thoksa dk mn~hko rfkk muds fodkl dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A 7. Discuss the factors which affect the temperature distribution over the earth. mu dkjdksa dh foospuk dhft, tks i`foh ij rkieku ds forj.k dks izhkkfor djrs gsa A 8. Give an account of the theories regarding the origin of Indian Monsoon. Hkkjr dh ekulwuh tyok;q dh mrifùk ds fo"k; esa izfrikfnr fopkj/kkjkvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 9. What is Cyclone? Describe its salient features. pøokr fdls dgrs gsa \ bldh fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kzu folrkjiwozd dhft, A 10. Write short notes on any Two of the following : fueufyf[kr esa ls fdugha nks ij laf{kir fviif.k;k fyf[k, %& (i) El-Nino ¼,y&fuuks½ (ii) Fold Mountains ¼ofyr iozr½ (iii) Heat Balance ¼rki larqyu½ (iv) Importance of Environmental Study ¼i;kZoj.k v/;;u dk egùo½

3 PART I, PAPER III (Environmental Chemistry) 1. Describe, in brief, different methods for expressing strength of solutions. foy;u dh lkaærk dks O;Dr djus ds fofhkuu fof/k;ksa dk laf{kir fooj.k nhft, A 2. "Atmosphere is the most important component of the biosphere". Highlight the importance of the atmosphere in the light of the above statement. ^^ok;qeamy tsoeamy dk lcls egùoiw.kz?kvd gs A** ok;qeamy ds egùo ij bl dfku ds ifjizs{; esa izdk'k Mkfy, A 3. Describe the chemical processes of the formation of inorganic particulate matter in the atmosphere. vdkczfud d.kh; inkfkks± ds ok;qeamy esa fuekz.k lecu/kh jklk;fud izøeksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 4. Trace the sources of inorganic particulate matter in the atmosphere. ok;qeamy esa vdkczfud d.kh; inkfkks± ds lzksrksa dks crkb, A 5. Present an account of any Two of the following : fueukafdr esa ls fdugha nks dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, %& (i) Biochemical Effects of Ozone ¼vkstksu dk tso jklk;fud izhkko½ (ii) Biochemical Effects of Mercury ¼ikjk dk tso jklk;fud izhkko½ (iii) Role of Nutrient and their deficiency symptoms in Plants ¼ikS/kksa esa iks"kd rùoksa ds dk;z,oa muds deh ds y{k.k½ 6. What do you understand by toxic chemical? Highlight the focal theme of the study of chemical toxicology. fo"ksys jklk;fud inkfkz ls D;k le>rs gsa \ jklk;fud fo"k fokku ds v/;;u ds eq[; fo"k; ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 7. Throw light on chemical properties of soil. fev~vh ds jklk;fud xq.kksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 8. Define soil. Analyze the inorganic and organic components of soil. fev~vh dks ifjhkkf"kr dhft, A fev~vh ds vdkczfud,oa dkczfud vo;oksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft, A 9. What are bio-indicators? Describe, in brief, the uses and types of bio-indicator. tso&lwpd D;k gs \ tso&lwpd ds mi;ksx vksj izdkjksa dk la{ksi esa fooj.k nhft, A 10. Present an account of the global warming and climatic changes. osf'od rki,oa tyok;q ifjorzu ij,d fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A

4 PART I, PAPER IV (Biodiversity, Its Conservation & Microbiology) 1. Present an account of bio-geographical classification of India and discuss in brief about salient features of classified bio-geographic regions. Hkkjr dk tso&hkksxksfyd oxhzdj.k izlrqr dhft, rfkk oxhzñr tso&hkksxksfyd izns'kksa dk] laf{kir esa] fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 2. Present an account of the status of India on the scale of Megabiodiversity. fo'kky tso fofo/krk ds isekus ij Hkkjr dh orzeku flfkfr dks izlrqr dhft, A 3. Give a detail account of the hot spots of India. Examine the measures of their conservation. Hkkjr ds gkwv LikWV ¼eq[; LFkyksa½ dk fooj.k nhft, A muds laj{k.k ds mik;ksa dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 4. Categories the threatened species of the world as per IUCN-Red List and also explain their present status. IUCN jsm fylv ds vuqlkj fo'o ds ladvxzlr iztkfr;ksa dks Js.khc) dhft, rfkk mudh orzeku flfkfr dks Hkh Li"V dhft, A 5. Present an account of the following : fueukafdr dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, %& (i) Methods of the Conservation of Biodiversity ¼tSo fofo/krk ds laj{k.k dh fof/k;k ½ (ii) Important Agencies working for Biodiversity Conservation ¼tSo&fofo/krk ds laj{k.k esa dk;zjr izeq[k,tsful;k ½ 6. Examine various challenges before the implementation of bio-diversity conventions. tso&fofo/krk le>ksrs dks dk;kzfuor djus esa fofhkuu pquksfr;ksa dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 7. Trace the growth history of Microbiology. What are its scope and importance? lw{e tho fokku ds fodkl ds bfrgkl dh igpku dhft, A blds {ks= vksj egùo D;k gsa \ 8. What do you understand by biofertilisers? What are its benefits? tso mozjd ls vki D;k le>rs gsa \ blls D;k ykhk gsa \ 9. Give an account of the salient features of fermentation technology. fd.ou izks ksfxdh dh egùoiw.kz fo'ks"krkvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 10. Give a brief account of any Two of the following : fueukafdr esa ls fdugha nks dk laf{kir fooj.k nhft, %& (i) Origin and Evolution of Microorganism ¼lw{e thoksa dh mrifùk,oa fodkl½ (ii) Phosphorus Cycle ¼QkWLQksjl pø½ (iii) Microbial interaction with animals ¼lw{e tho vksj turq txr dk lkgp;z½

5 PART I, PAPER V (Natural Resources and their Conservation) 1. Give an account of the causes of the degradation of natural resources and measures to conserve them. izkñfrd lalk/kuksa ds {kj.k ds dkj.k rfkk muds laj{k.k ds mik;ksa dh foospuk dhft, A 2. Describe the economic and environmental importance of forest resources. ou lalk/ku ds vkæfkd,oa i;kzoj.kh; egùo dk o.kzu dhft, A 3. Give an account of major river water disputes in India. Hkkjr ds izeq[k unh ty fookn dk fooj.k nhft, A 4. What do you understand by biotic resource? Explain its importance in the context of livestock resource of India. tso lalk/ku ls vki D;k le>rs gsa \ Hkkjr ds i'kq lalk/ku ds lanhkz esa blds egùo dh O;k[;k dhft, A 5. Classify the soils of the World and discuss their salient features. fo'o ds e`nk dk oxhzdj.k dhft, rfkk muds egùoiw.kz fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 6. Classify energy sources and explain their importance in economic development. ÅtkZ lalk/kuksa dk oxhzdj.k dhft, rfkk vkæfkd fodkl esa blds egùo dks Li"V dhft, A 7. Discuss the distribution and production pattern of either Copper or Bauxite in the World. fo'o esa rk cs vfkok ckwdlkbv ds forj.k vksj mriknu izfr:i dk o.kzu dhft, A 8. "Ocean is the storehouse of resources". Explain the statement with examples. ^^egklkxj lalk/kuksa dk HkaMkjx`g gs A** mnkgj.k lfgr bl dfku dks Li"V dhft, A 9. Why is there need of equitable use of natural resources? Explain with examples. lalk/kuksa ds vksfpr;iw.kz mi;ksx dh D;ksa vko';drk gs \ mnkgj.k nsrs gq, Li"V dhft, A 10. Write notes on any Two of the following : fueukafdr esa ls fdugha nks ij fviif.k;k fyf[k, %& (i) Wetlands as a resource ¼vkæZHkwfe,d lalk/ku ds :i esa½ (ii) Fisheries in India ¼Hkkjr esa enyh O;olk;½ (iii) New probable energy resources ¼uohu lahkko; ÅtkZ lalk/ku½

6 PART I, PAPER VI (Agriculture & Forestry) Answer Five Questions in all, selecting at least Two Questions from each Group. All questions carry equal marks. izr;sd xzqi ls nks iz'uksa dk p;u djrs gq, dqy ik p iz'uksa dk mùkj nhft, A lhkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gsa A Group 'A' 1. Give an account of Agronomic and season based classification of crops. Qlyksa dk 'k";:ih oxhzdj.k rfkk eksle vk/kkfjr oxhzdj.k dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A 2. Discuss the symptoms caused by the deficiency of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers in the plants. us=tu,oa QkWLQsfVd QÆVykbtj dh deh ls mriuu y{k.kksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 3. Identify the seasons of Rice and Wheat farmings. Discuss the methods and conditions of their farming. pkoy ¼/kku½ vksj xsgw dh Ñf"k ds eksle dh igpku dhft, A bu Qlyksa dh Ñf"k dh fof/k;ksa vksj vko';drkvksa ¼'kÙkks±½ dk o.kzu dhft, A 4. Present an account of the salient features and functional importance of Blue Green Algae. Cyw xzhu 'ksoky dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa vksj dkæ;d egùo dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A 5. What is genetic engineering? Discuss its importance in plant breeding. vkuqoaf'kd baftfu;çjx D;k gs \ ikni iztuu esa blds egùo dk o.kzu dhft, A 6. What is patent? Describe the various requirements for patenting. How is it obtained? isvsav D;k gs \ isvsav ds fy, fofhkuu vko';drkvksa dk o.kzu dhft, A isvsav izkir djus dh izfø;k D;k gs \ Group 'B' 7. Classify Indian forests and discuss their salient features. Hkkjrh; ouksa dk oxhzdj.k dhft, rfkk mudh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk foospu dhft, A 8. What do you understand by 'Forest Environment'. Describe the role of climatic factors in the growth and conservation of Forest Environment. ^ouh; i;kzoj.k* ls vki D;k le>rs gsa \ ouh; i;kzoj.k ds o`f),oa laj{k.k esa tyok;q dkjdksa dh Hkwfedk dk o.kzu dhft, A 9. What is social forestry. Discuss its importance and limits. lkekftd okfudh D;k gs \ blds egùo vksj lhekvksa dk foospu dhft, A 10. Write notes on any Two of the following : fueukafdr esa ls fdugha nks ij fviif.k;k fyf[k, %& (i) Importance of Biotic factors in the growth of forest environment ¼ouh; i;kzoj.k ds fodkl esa tsfod dkjdksa dk egùo½ (ii) Forest and Water Conservation ¼ou,oa ty laj{k.k½ (iii) Green Belts ¼gfjr iv~vh½

7 PART I, PAPER VII (Energy & Environment) 1. Give an account of alternative energy sources. How will they bring sustainability in the use of energy. osdfyid ÅtkZ lzksrksa dks fooj.k nhft, A ;s fdl izdkj ÅtkZ mi;ksx esa fvdkåiu ¼Sustainability½ yk ldrs gs \ 2. How ozone is formed in the Atmosphere? Discuss the causes of its depletion. ok;qe.my esa vkstksu dk fuekz.k fdl izdkj gksrk gs \ blds {kj.k ds dkj.kksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 3. Describe the salient features and contrasts of General Circulation Model and Numerical Weather Prediction Model. lkeku; ifjlapyu ekwmy rfkk U;wefjdy eksle iwokzuqeku ekwmy dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa,oa fofo/krkvksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 4. Discuss the composition and structure of atmosphere with reference to temperature and pressure. ok;qe.my dh lajpuk,oa laxbu dk o.kzu rkieku,oa ok;qnko ds lanhkz esa dhft, A 5. Define Photosynthesis. How is it helpful in the primary productivity and biomass formation in the biosphere? izdk'k la'ys"k.k dks ifjhkkf"kr dhft, A ;g fdl izdkj tho eamy esa izkfkfed mrikndrk,oa ok;ksekl fuekz.k esa lgk;d gksrk gs \ 6. Assess the importance of Kyoto Protocol. D;ksVks izksvksdkwy ds egùo dh leh{kk dhft, A 7. Give an account of reserves, production and utilization of coal in the World. fo'o esa dks;yk ds lafpr HkaMkj] mriknu,oa mi;ksx dk fooj.k nhft, A 8. Throw light on the importance of bio-energy and bio-fuels. What are problems in their production? tso ÅtkZ,oa tso b±/ku ds egùo ij izdk'k Mkfy, A muds mriknu ls lecfu/kr lel;k, D;k gsa \ 9. What are various types of Pollution? Discuss the adverse impact of pollution with reference to air pollution. iznq"k.k ds fofo/k izdkj D;k gs \ iznq"k.k ds izfrdqy izhkko dk o.kzu ok;q iznq"k.k ds lanhkz esa dhft, A 10. Write notes on any Two of the following : fueukafdr esa ls fdugha nks ij fviif.k;k fyf[k, %& (i) Global Warming ¼HkweaMyh; rkiu½ (ii) Urbanization and Heat Island ¼uxjhdj.k,oa m"ek }hi½ (iii) Growth and utilization of wind energy in the world. ¼fo'o esa ok;q ÅtkZ dk fodkl ¼o`f)½,oa mi;ksx½,oa VIII dh izk;ksfxd d{kk,oa izk;ksfxd ijh{kk dk dk;zøe Ñi;k ikj i`"b ij ns[ksa A M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part I, Paper II, III, IV, VI,oa

8 PART I, PAPER VIII (Pollution) 1. What is acid rain? What are its causes and consequences. vkey o"kkz D;k gs \ blds dkj.k vksj ifj.kke D;k gsa \ 2. Give an account of the causes and consequences of Vehicular Pollution. okgu iznw"k.k ds dkj.kksa vksj ifj.kke dk fooj.k nhft, A 3. What is industrial pollution? Discuss its sources and control measures. vks ksfxd iznw"k.k D;k gs \ blds lzksr vksj fu;a=.k ds mik;ksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 4. Give an account of the effects of air pollution on animals and plants. i'kq vksj iks/kksa ij ok;q iznw"k.k ds izhkko dk fooj.k nhft, A 5. Write notes on the following : fueukafdr ij fvii.kh fyf[k, %& (i) Effects of air pollution on human beings ¼euq"; ij ok;q iznw"k.k dk izhkko½ (ii) Effects of air pollution on climate ¼tyok;q ij ok;q iznw"k.k dk izhkko½ 6. Throw light on the causes and consequences of ground water pollution. Hkwfexr ty iznw"k.k ds dkj.kksa vksj ifj.kkeksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 7. Give an account of the importance and limitations of water quality indices. ty xq.koùkk lwpdksa ds egùo vksj lhekvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 8. What are the important steps in the purification of raw water for drinking purposes? Discuss in brief. is; ty gsrq v'kq) ty ds 'kqf)dj.k ds fy, D;k egroiw.kz volfkk, gsa \ laf{kir fooj.k nhft, A 9. What is soil sample? What are the steps for the sampling of soils. How is bacteriological analysis of soil is conducted? e`nk izfrn'kz D;k gs \ eǹk izfrn'kz dh D;k&D;k volfkk, gsa A fdl izdkj ls e`nk dk lw{ethoh; fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gs \ 10. Write short notes on any Two of the following : fueukafdr esa ls fdugha nks ij laf{kir fviif.k;k fyf[k, %& (i) Wasteland and its Reclamation ¼vkæZHkwfe,oa bldk Hkwfe m)kj½ (ii) Thermal Pollution ¼rkih; iznw"k.k½ (iii) Pesticidal Pollution ¼thoekjd ¼dhVuk'kd½ iznw"k.k½,oa VIII dh izk;ksfxd d{kk,oa izk;ksfxd ijh{kk dk dk;zøe Ñi;k ikj i`"b ij ns[ksa A M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part I, Paper II, III, IV, VI,oa

9 PART II, PAPER IX (Marine Ecology) 1. Give a reasoned account of the relief features of the ocean floor with special reference to Atlantic ocean. egklkxjh; fury dh LFkykÑfrd fo'ks"krkvksa dk ldkj.k fooj.k vvykafvd egklkxj ds fo'ks"k lanhkz esa izlrqr dhft, A 2. Discuss the factors causing salinity in the ocean water. Explain the distributional pattern of salinity. egklkxjh; ty esa yo.krk dh mrifùk ds dkjdksa dk o.kzu dhft, A yo.krk ds forj.k izk:i dk Hkh o.kzu dhft, A 3. Give an account of the flora and fauna found at different levels of an ocean. egklkxj ds fofhkuu Lrjksa ij ik;s tkus okys tho&turqvksa,oa oulifr dk o.kzu dhft, A 4. Discuss the sources of the pollution of ocean water. Suggest measures to solve the problem. egklkxjh; ty ds iznw"k.k ds lzksrksa dk o.kzu dhft, A bl lel;k ds lek/kku ds mik;ksa dks Hkh crkb, A 5. Discuss the methods of exploration of minerals from oceans. egklkxjksa ls [kfut nksgu dh fof/k;ksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 6. Discuss the development of marine science in the 19 th century. 19oha 'krkcnh esa leqæ fokku ds fodkl dk o.kzu dhft, A 7. "Ocean currents and tides are salient features of ocean water". Give a reasoned explanation of this statement. ^^leqæh ty/kkjk,,oa TokjHkkVk leqæh ty dh fof'k"v fo'ks"krk, gsa A** bl dfku dh O;k[;k ldkj.k izlrqr dhft, A 8. What are the various processes of coastal erosion? Review the factors responsible for coastal erosion. rvh; vijnu dh dksu&dksu lh fof/k;k gsa \ rvh; vijnu ds dkjdksa dh leh{kk dhft, A 9. Give an account of the major oceanic fishing grounds of the World. fo'o ds izeq[k egklkxjh; erl; mriknu ds {ks=ksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 10. Write short notes on the following : fueukafdr ij laf{kir fviif.k;k fyf[k, %& (i) Pelagic Zone of Ocean ¼egklkxj dk isykftd {ks=½ (ii) Development of Oceanography in 20 th century ¼20oha 'krkcnh esa leqæ fokku dk fodkl½ Examination Programme, 2013 M.A/M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part II Date Paper Time Examination Centre Paper IX 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper X 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper XI 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper XII 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper XIII 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper XIV 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper XV 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna Paper XVI 8.00 AM to AM Nalanda Open University, Patna

10 PART II, PAPER X (Waste Generation and Management) 1. Mentioning the physical and chemical properties of waste products, present the scheme of its classification. vif'k"v mriknksa ds HkkSfrd,oa jklk;fud fo'ks"krkvksa dks crkrs gq,] blds oxhzdj.k dh ;kstuk izlrqr dhft, A 2. Give an account of the methods of the disposal of solid wastes with special reference to the methods of compositing and incineration. Bksl vif'k"vksa ds fulrkj.k fof/k;ksa dk fooj.k deiksçlvx rfkk HkLehdj.k fof/k;ksa ds fo'ks"k lanhkz esa nhft, A 3. Define hazardous wastes. How do they bring bad impact on general health and environment? ladvnk;h vif'k"vksa dks ifjhkkf"kr dhft, A os fdl izdkj tuloklf;,oa i;kzoj.k ij nq"izhkko ykrs gsa \ 4. Discuss the segregation, prevention and disposal of hospital wastes. vlirkyh; vif'k"vksa dk i`ffkdhdj.k] cpko rfkk fulrkj.k ds mik;ksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 5. Examine the sources of radio-active wastes. How do they cause adverse impact on public health and environment? jsfm;ks lfø; vif'k"vksa ds tuu~&lzksrksa dk foospu dhft, A os fdl izdkj tuloklf;,oa i;kzoj.k ij izfrdwy izhkko Mkyrs gsa \ 6. Elaborate the concept of recycling of solid waste with reference to the process of the recycling of Industrial Wastes. Bksl vif'k"vksa ds iquzpøhdj.k dh ladyiuk dk folrkjhdj.k djrs gq, vks ksfxd vif'k"vksa ds iquzpøhdj.k dh fof/k dk fo'ks"k :i ls fooj.k nhft, A 7. Classify the municipal waste and discuss its management. uxjikfydk ds vif'k"vksa dk oxhzdj.k dhft,,oa blds izcu/ku dk foospu dhft, A 8. "Prevention of pollution and its quality management is the need of the time". Explain the statement. ^^iznw"k.k jksdfkke,oa bldh xq.koùkk izcu/ku le; dh vko';drk gs A** bl dfku dh O;k[;k dhft, A 9. Critically examine the cost-benefit analysis of Recycling. iqupzø.k ds ykxr&ykhk fo'ys"k.k dk vkykspukred ijh{k.k dhft, A 10. Write short notes on the following : fueukafdr ij laf{kir fviif.k;k fyf[k, %& (i) Public Liability Insurance Act., 1991 ¼yksd nkf;ro chek vf/kfu;e] 1991½ (ii) Duty of Hospital Health Centre Incharge ¼fpfdRlky;@LokLF; dsuæ ds lapkydksa dk dùkzo;½

11 PART II, PAPER XI (Environment Toxicology) fdugha ik p iz'uksa ds mùkj nhft, A lhkh iz'uksa ds vad leku gsa Sa A 1. Define and explain the salient features of Acute toxicity and synergism. laxhu fo"kkdrrk,oa lg fø;kokn dks ifjhkkf"kr dj mudh egroiw.kz fo'ks"krkvksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A 2. Illustrate dose-response relationship with suitable examples. mfpr mnkgj.kksa lfgr Mkst&fjLikUl lecu/k dks Li"V dhft, A 3. Give an account of toxic chemicals in air and water. ok;q,oa ty esa miflfkr fo"kkdr jlk;ukas dk fooj.k nhft, A 4. Throw light on the effects and significance of the following toxicants :- fueufyf[kr fo"kkdr inkfkksza ds izhkko,oa egro ij izdk'k Mkfy, %& (a) Mercury (Hg) ¼ikjk (Hg) ½ (b) Copper (Cu) ¼rk ck (Cu) ½ (c) Nickel (Ni) ¼fudsy (Ni) ½ 5. What do you mean by biohazards? How are biohazards different from other hazards? tso izdksi ls vki d;k le>rs gsa \ vu; izdksiksa ls tso izdksi fdl izdkj fhkuu gs \ 6. Explain the process of exposure assessment in evaluation of Hazards. Describe the three situations in which exposure assessment is carried out. izdksi ewy;kadu esa vukj;rk fu/kkzj.k dh izfø;k dh O;k[;k dhft, A mu rhu ifjflfkfr;ksa dk o.kzu dhft, ftles vukj;rk fu/kkzj.k dh izfø;k ykxw dh tkrh gs A 7. Mention the specific roles played by fishes and birds as bioindicators. tso lwpd ds :i esa enyh vksj iaf{k;ks dh fof'k"v Hkwfedk dks mfyyf[kr dhft, A 8. How do the physical conditions of a work place become hazardous? What are their effects? fdl izdkj fdlh dk;z LFky dh HkkSfrd n'kk,sa izdksi;qdr gks tkrh gs \ muds D;k izhkko gsa \ 9. Give an account of international and regional initiatives for control and remedation of environmental toxicants. i;kzoj.kh; fo"kkdr inkfkksza ds fu;a=.k vksj mipkj ds fy, vurjkz"vªh;,oa izknsf'kd igyksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 10. Write note on any Two : fdugha nks ij fvii.kh fyf[k, %& (i) Human organs, Tissues and Body fluid as bioindicators. ¼ekuoh; vax] mùkd,oa 'kkfjfjd rjy,d tso lwpd ds :i½ (ii) Chemical Hazards ¼jklk;fud izdksi½ (iii) Functions of Central Pollution control Board ¼dsUnzh; iznq"k.k fu;a=.k cksmz dk dk;z½

12 PART II, PAPER XII (Application of Statistics & Models in Environmental Science) 1. Give an account of the scope and importance of Statistics. lkaf[;dh ds dk;ksza ¼Ldksi½,oa egro dk fooj.k nhft, A 2. Throw light on main sources of data. vkadm+ksa ds eq[; lzksrksa ij izdk'k Mkfy;s A 3. Define correlation and discuss its importance in statistical analysis. lg&lecu/k dks ifjhkkf"kr dhft,,oa lkaf[;dh fo'ys"k.k esa blds egro dk o.kzu dhft, A 4. Explain rule of addition and rule of multiplication of probability. izkf;drk ds ;ksx,oa xq.ku fu;eksa dh O;k[;k dhft, A 5. Discuss the salient features of simple Random Sampling and Stratified Random Sampling. How are they different. ljy ;kn`fpnd izfrp;u,oa Lrfjr ;kn`fpnd izfr;pu dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A os fdl izdkj,d nwljs ls fhkuu gsa \ 6. Give a brief account of the following : fueufyf[kr ij laf{kir fooj.k nhft, %& (i) Arithmetic mean ¼lekarj ek/;½ (ii) Geometric mean ¼xq.kksÙkj ek/;½ (iii) Harmonic mean ¼gjkRed ek/;½ 7. Throw light on the salient features and importance of Frequency Polygon and Cumulative Frequency curve in Statistics. lkaf[;dh esa vko`fùk cgqhkqt,oa lap;h vko`fùk oø dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa,oa muds egùo ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 8. Give an account of merits and limitations of Quartile Deviation and Standard Deviation. Explain with statistical example. prqfkzd fopyu,oa izeki fopyu ds xq.k,oa lhekvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A lkaf[;dh; mnkgj.k dh enn ls Li"V dhft, A 9. Give an account of the laws of binominal, Poisson, and Normal distribution in Statistics. lkaf[;dh esa f}&in] IokWlu,oa iz'kklu forj.k ds fu;eksa dk fooj.k nhft, A 10. Write note on the following : fueufyf[kr ij fvii.kh fyf[k, %& (i) Differences between schedules and questionnaires. ¼lwph i=,oa iz'ukoyh esa vurj½ (ii) Histogram ¼vk;r fp=½

13 PART II, PAPER XIII (Remote Sensing & Its Application in Environmental Science) 1. What do you mean by Aerial Photograph? Give an account of its types and their utility. ok;q QksVksxzkQh ls vki d;k le>rs gsa \ blds izdkj vksj mudh mi;ksfxrk dk fooj.k nhft, A 2. What is a Sensor? Discuss their types and point out their characteristics. laosnd D;k gs \ buds izdkj vksj fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 3. Discuss the different types of disasters. Examine the importance of remote sensing in the management of disasters. fofo/k izdkj ds izkñfrd vkinkvksa dk fooj.k nhft, A bu vkinkvkas ds izcu/ku esa lqnwj laosnu ds egro dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 4. Give an account of the development of Remote Sensing Satellite. lqnwj laosnu mixzgksa ds fodkl dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A 5. Write short notes on the following :- fueufyf[kr ij laf{kir fvii.kh fyf[k;s %& (a) Data Merging and integration of Geographical Information System ¼vkadM+k foy;u,oa HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iz.kkyh dk lekdyu½ (b) Cartographic Map Models ¼dkVksZxzkfQd ekufp= izk:i½ 6. Give an account of concept and objective of Geographical Information System. How is it useful in different fields of knowledge. HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iz.kkyh dh vo/kkj.kk,oa mís'; dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A ;g fdl izdkj Kku ¼v/;;u½ ds fofo/k fo"k;ksa ¼{ks=ksa½ ds fy, mi;ksxh gs A 7. Throw light on the usefulness of remote sensing and GIS in the identification of mineral areas and the planning and management of mining activities. lqnwj laosnu,oa HkkSxksfyd lwpuk iz.kkyh dh mi;ksfxrk ij [kfut {ks=ksa ds igpku ds lanhkz esa izdk'k Mkfy, A blh ds lkfk bl ij Hkh izdk'k Mkfy;s fd os fdl izdkj [kfut dk;ksza ds fu;kstu,oa izcu/ku esa mi;ksxh gs A 8. Discuss the importance of remote sensing in environmental management. i;kzoj.kh; izcu/ku esa lqnwj laosnu ds egro ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 9. Define Geo-relational model. How are they useful in the presentation of Surface Information. Hkw&lEcU/kkRed izfr:i dks ifjhkkf"kr dhft, A HkwLFkyh; vkadm+ksa@rf;ksa ds izlrqrhdj.k esa ;g fdl izdkj mi;ksxh gs \ 10. Write short note on any Two :- fdugha nks ij laf{kir fvii.kh fyf[k, %& (i) Types of Stereoscope ¼LVhfj;ksLdksi ds izdkj½ (ii) INSAT Satellites and their salient features ¼bUlSV mixzg vksj mudh fof'k"v fo'ks"krk, ½ (iii) Spatial and Spactral Resolutions ¼LFkkfud fohksnu,oa LiSDVªy fohksnu½

14 PART II, PAPER XIV (Environmetnal Impact Assessment, Ecoplanning and Sustainable Development) 1. Discuss salient aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) systems. What are its limitations? i;kzoj.kh; izhkko ewy;kadu ¼bZŒvkbZŒ,Œ½ ra= dh fof'k"v igyqvksa dk foospu dhft, A bl ra= dh D;k lhek, gsa \ 2. Discuss principles of Functional Environmental Impact Assessment system. dkæ;d i;kzoj.kh; izhkko ewy;kadu ra= ds fl)kurksa dh foospuk dhft, A 3. Give an account of the advantages and disadvantages of Public Participation technique in the Environmental Impact Assessment processes. i;kzoj.kh; izhkko ewy;kadu izfø;kvksa esa vke lghkkfxrk rduhd ls gksus okys ykhk vksj gkfu dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A 4. Discuss different types of screening adopted for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). i;kzoj.kh; izhkko ewy;kadu gsrq viuk;s x;s fofo/k izdkj ds fløçux dh foospuk dhft, A 5. Give an account of approaches and methods of scoping. LdksÇix ds mikxe vksj fof/k;ksa dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A 6. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of different Environmental Impact identification methods. i;kzoj.kh; izhkko igpku dh fofo/k fof/k;ksa ds ykhk vksj gkfu dh foospuk dhft, A 7. Enlist and examine main elements of mitigation. fefvxslu ds izeq[k rùoksa ¼?kVdksa½ dh igpku rfkk ijh{k.k dhft, A 8. Discuss key elements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report and probable shortcomings. i;kzoj.kh; izhkko ewy;kadu fjiksvz ds izeq[k rùoksa dh foospuk dhft, rfkk muds lahkkfor [kkfe;ksa dk o.kzu dhft, A 9. "The role of Decision Maker is a key factor in the Environmental Impact Assessment". Elaborate. ^^i;kzoj.kh; izhkko ewy;kadu esa fu.kz; ysus okys dh Hkwfedk,d izeq[k dkjd gs A** Li"V dhft, A 10. Write short note on any Two of the following : fueufyf[kr esa ls fdugha nks ij laf{kir fvii.kh fyf[k, %& (i) Tools of Environmental Management and Performance Review ¼i;kZoj.kh; izcu/ku,oa fjo;w ijqksjesul ds ra= ¼vkStkj½ (ii) EIA Regulatory Framework in India ¼Hkkjr esa i;kzoj.kh; izhkko ewy;kadu dk jsxqysvjh ÝseodZ½ (iii) Agro-Climatic Regions of India ¼Hkkjr ds Ñf"k tyok;q izns'k½

15 PART II, PAPER XV (Environmental Law, Policy and Management) 1. Give an account of ecological base of environmental management. i;kzoj.kh;&izcu/ku ds ikfjlfksfrd vk/kkj dk fooj.k nhft, A 2. What do you mean by the environmental management? Discuss major aspects related to environmental management. i;kzoj.kh; izcu/ku ls vki D;k le>rs gsa \ i;kzoj.kh; izcu/ku ls tqm+s gq, egùoiw.kz igyqvksa dh foospuk dhft, A 3. Discuss the objectives and principles of environmental policy in India. Hkkjr esa i;kzoj.kh; uhfr ds mís';,oa fl)kurksa dh foospuk dhft, A 4. Throw light on public policy and strategies for pollution control. iznw"k.k fu;a=.k gsrq yksduhfr,oa j.kuhfr;ksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 5. Give an account of national and international efforts for environmental protection. i;kzoj.kh; laj{k.k gsrq jk"vªh; vksj vurjkz"vªh; iz;klksa dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A 6. Present a summary of conservation measures for natural resources and bio-diversity. izkñfrd lalk/kuksa,oa tso&fofo/krk ds laj{k.k dk;ks± dk lkjka'k izlrqr dhft, A 7. Throw light on various aspects of Air Pollution (Prevention and Control) Act., ok;q iznw"k.k ¼fuokj.k,oa fu;a=.k½,dv] 1981 ds fofo/k igyqvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy, A 8. Give an account of Bio-diversity conservation Acts of 2002 and tso&fofo/krk laj{k.k,dv 2002,oa 2003 dk fooj.k izlrqr dhft, A 9. Examine the features of the Public Liability Insurance Act, yksd nkf;ro ohek vf/kfu;e] 1991 dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 10. Write short note on any Two of the following : fueufyf[kr esa ls fdugha nks ij laf{kir fvii.kh fyf[k, %& (i) Scheme of Labelling of Eco-mark ¼ikfj&fpà yscçyx dk Ldhe½ (ii) Indian Concept of Environmental Protection ¼i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k dh Hkkjrh; vo/kkj.kk, ½ (iii) Constitutional Background of Environmental Acts in India ¼Hkkjr esa i;kzoj.kh; vf/kfu;eksa dh laos/kkfud i`"bhkwfe½

16 PART II, PAPER XVI (Social Issues and Environment) 1. Discuss the relationship between population growth and environment. tula[;k o`f) vksj i;kzoj.k ds chp lecu/kksa dh ppkz dhft, A 2. Throw light on the 'Narmada Bachao Andolan' and 'Chipko Movement'. To what extent, they have been able to solve the problems. ^ueznk cpkvksa vkunksyu* rfkk ^fpidks vkunksyu* ij izdk'k Mkfy, A fdl gn rd ;s lel;kvksa ds lek/kku esa l{ke gq, gsa A 3. What is Occupational Hazard? What are its type? Explain in details. O;kolkf;d vkink D;k gs \ blds fdrus izdkj gsa \ lfolrkj crkb;s A 4. Identify those natural hazards for whom resettlement and rehabilitation are essential. Examine measures taken in India. mu izkñfrd vkinkvksa dks fpfug~r dhft, ftuds fy, iquflfkzjhdj.k,oa iquokzl vko';d gs A Hkkjr esa blds fy, fd;s x;s mik;ksa dk ijh{k.k dhft, A 5. What do you mean by waste products? What are its types? How is consumerism responsible in the increase of waste products? vki dpjk mrikn ls D;k le>rs gsa \ blds fdrus izdkj fdl rjg mihkksdrkokn dpjk mrikn esa o`f) ds fy, fteesokj gs \ 6. Discuss the alternative sources of energy for ecological balance. ikfjlfksfrd larqyu gsrq ÅtkZ ds osdfyid lalk/kuksa dh foospuk dhft, A 7. Discuss the role of Grampanchayat and village community in the conservation and upgradation of environment. i;kzoj.k laj{k.k,oa lao/kzu esa xzke iapk;r rfkk xzke leqnk; dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, A 8. What is urban Blight? What are causes of its development? Discuss redevelopment plans of urban blight. uxjh; CykbV D;k gs \ blds fodkl ds D;k dkj.k gsa \ uxjh; CykbV ds iqufozdkl ;kstukvksa dh foospuk dhft, A 9. Examine the causes and effects of environmental pollution? Mention the global efforts to control it. i;kzoj.kh; iznw"k.k ds dkj.kksa vksj izhkko dk ijh{k.k dhft, A blds fu;a=.k gsrq osf'od iz;klksa dk myys[k dhft, A 10. Write short note on any Two of the following : fueufyf[kr esa ls fdugha nks ij laf{kir fvii.kh fyf[k, %& (i) Personal Hygiene ¼O;fDrxr lqfprk½ (ii) Occupation hazard Management ¼O;kolkf;d vkink izcu/ku½ (iii) Locational characteristics of Squatter and pavement settlement. ¼mioslh vf/kokl,oa isoesuv vf/kokl dh LFkkuh;dj.k fo'ks"krk, ½ M.A./M.Sc. Environmental Science, Part II, Paper XVI dh izk;ksfxd d{kk, ] fnukad ,oa dks izkr% 10 cts ls Hkwxksy fohkkx] ivuk fo'ofo ky;] ivuk esa vk;ksftr gksaxh A izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ds frffk dh?kks"k.kk izk;ksfxd d{kk ds nksjku dh tk;sxh A