Water Quality Monitoring in Jordan

Transcription

1 Water Quality Monitoring in Jordan Muhammad Saidam, PhD Royal Scientific Society - Jordan Environment Monitoring & Research Central Unit Beirut - Lebanon, 6 October 2009

2 Jordan Area ~ 92,300 km 2 Climate: Mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April) Terrain: Mostly desert plateau in east (80%) Population: ~ million (2007), Growth ~ 2.2% EMWIS - Beirut 2

3 Rainfall Annual mean ( ) Range: 50 to > 600, average: ~104 mm/yr ~ 75% receives < 100 mm/yr ~ 87% receives < 200 mm/yr Source: NMP EMWIS - Beirut 3

4 Freshwater Availability (Yr 1999, AQUASTAT, 2002) Iraq Sudan Somalia Syria Lebanon Morocco Egypt Djibouti Tunisia Oman Yemen Bahrain Jordan Libya Saudi Arabia Qatar UAE Kuw ait FreshWater Availability (m3/capita/year) EMWIS - Beirut 4

5 Projected Demands and Allocations 2000 MCM Deficit Demands Allocations Population, Million Deficit Year Source: NMP EMWIS - Beirut 5

6 EMWIS - Beirut 6

7 Effect of Climate Change a 20% decrease in rainfall EMWIS - Beirut 7

8 Jordan Water Issues Water Availability: sufficiency and continuous supply 97% linked to public water supply systems average of two days supply per week Water Quality: Groundwater of high salinity Surface water is not adequate for drinking EMWIS - Beirut 8

9 Jordan Water Issues Physical accessibility most reliable water resources are far from residential centres 100% of urban and 87% of rural population have access to piped water Economic accessibility / affordability Water supply is still subsidized by the government water prices still affordable by the poor water prices for bottled water and tanked water is times more than piped water EMWIS - Beirut 9

10 Water Quality Monitoring Networks in Jordan EMWIS - Beirut 10

11 Legal Framework for WQ Monitoring EMWIS - Beirut 11

12 EMWIS - Beirut 12

13 Reason for WQ Monitoring EMWIS - Beirut 13

14 MWI Monitoring Networks (flow, rainfall & meteorological) Network Total Number Remarks Rainfall stations 258 Data extends since 1936 Meteorological stations Wadi flow gauges Springs Groundwater monitoring 29 Temp., humidity, windrun, sunshine Other stations: by Meter. Dept. & JVA 38 (floodflow), 31 baseflow 859 springs, not directly measured but obtained from observed water levels and a stage-discharge relation. Only irregularly observed 5,912 Levels (253), salinity (1,476), production (3,203), WQM: cations and anions WWTP Outflow 17 (till 1999) Monitoring started 1985, (probably 26 now?). (source: WIS of MWI) EMWIS - Beirut 14

15 RSS Real-time Water Quality Monitoring Systems Water quality monitoring and assessment is an essential component of IWRM The availability of sufficient water quality data is essential to: trace trends over time and space Provide decision-makers with timely data Share data with stakeholders; on local, regional and international levels EMWIS - Beirut 15

16 System Concept: RTMS Concept & Goal Continuous, automated, on-site sampling & analysis, data acquisition, storage and dissemination in one system in real-time. Major goal: Facilitating decision making in the water and environment sectors EMWIS - Beirut 16

17 The Real-time Monitoring System in Jordan EMWIS - Beirut 17

18 ph, T, EC, NTU, DO, COD, T-N & T-P EMWIS - Beirut 18

19 Characteristics of the RTMS System State-of of-the-art technology Real-time: enabling timely decisions Accurate: as human errors are minimized Impartial: records can t t be changed Long-term: data stored in EMARCU database Forms a basis for other environmental applications: e.g. air & soil pollution monitoring EMWIS - Beirut 19

20 Real-time On-line Dataflow Research Centers etc RTMS Governmental Labs Water Quality Data Platform Decision makers Ministries: Water, Env, Agri, Health Research & Academia Others: Engineering consultants, the public etc EMWIS - Beirut 20

21 Decision makers: Potential Users of RSS RTMS MOE: Enforcing environmental regulations MWI: in employing integrated water management MOA: managing agricultural water quality MOH: public health protection Planners: Long-term planning Emergency For an Early warning System Security Water utility managers: e.g. Zai WTP Engineering consultants: feasibility and design studies Farmers: management of salinity & use of fertilizers Academics & Researchers: through coordinated data provision The public: transparency and confidence building EMWIS - Beirut 21

22 Residential/nonresidential Bosque Agriculture Reservoirs Desalination Pop. Growth Drought Transfers G lobal Settings Random Seed , AF Cum ulative Average Otowi Inflow, ,000,000 50,000, ,000-1,000, /1/1960 1/1/1990 1/1/2020 1/1/ Year -1,500,000 1/1/1960 1/1/1990 1/1/2020 1/1/2050 Year 60,000 30, /1/1960 1/1/1990 1/1/2020 1/1/2050 Year 0-500,000-1,000,000-1,500,000-2,000,000-2,500,000-3,000,000 1/1/1960 1/1/1990 1/1/2020 1/1/2050 Modeled Year Baseline More In fo Integrated System for WAter Quality Management (ISWAQ) Back to: General R esults Settings Cost ($) Annual Cost, 2000 dollars Acre-Feet Annual Reduction in Consumption Present Value +$1,210,447, Annual average reduction 53, AF Acre-Feet Cum ulativ e R.G. Com pact Balance Cum ulativ e Groundwater Depletion Cumulative RGC balance -215, AF Total GW depletion -1,126, AF Acre-Feet Data Telemetry and Management Graphs show cumulative results for all changes m ade to the m odel. These cum ulative results are plotted against the baseline condition that assumes no changes to current w ater use practices. See other results pages for m ore results. Avg. cost/af water saved +$ per AF Tabular annual output Water Quality Management Real Time Monitoring Station Real Time Data Collection

23 Concluding Thoughts Harmonize the monitoring process through a unified identification system to Facilitate data sharing and process optimization. Promulgate a national water information policy Adoption of emerging water quality (& quantity) monitoring technologies Encourage cooperation between scientific institutes, water providers and operators and regulatory agencies EMWIS - Beirut 23

24 THANK YOU for your attention EMWIS - Beirut 24