Treatment of Dye Wastewater Using Granular Activated Carbon and Zeolite Filter

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1 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 Tratmnt of Dy Wastwatr Using Granular Activatd Carbon and Zolit Filtr Syafalni S. School of Civil Enginring, Univrsiti Sains Malaysia Enginring Campus, Sri Ampangan, Nibong Tbal 143, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Ismail Abustan, Irvan Dahlan, & Chan Kok Wah School of Civil Enginring, Univrsiti Sains Malaysia Enginring Campus, Sri Ampangan, Nibong Tbal 143, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Gnius Umar Faculty of Agricultur, Cokroaminoto Palopo Univrsity, Indonsia Rcivd: Dcmbr 1, 211 Accptd: Dcmbr 26, 211 Publishd: Fburary 1, 212 doi:1.39/mas.v6n2p37 URL: Abstract Dy wastwatr sampl contains modrat concntration of chmical oxygn dmand (COD), ammonia (NH 3 ) and color. This work valuats th rmoval of COD, ammonia and color in dy wastwatr using granular activatd carbon (GAC) and zolit in th column studis. Diffrnt surfac loading rats, hight of adsorbnt and mpty bd contact tim wr usd to invstigat th fficincy of th adsorption procss. Th maximum rmoval fficincy was found at th surfac loading rat of 2.84 ml/cm 2.min and bd hight of 1 cm. Du to th charactristics of GAC and zolit, a squnc of combination with both adsorbnts producs a bttr rmoval of contaminants. Th bst rmoval of th contaminants among th all adsorption tratmnt was found using GAC (bottom layr) and zolit (uppr layr) in 6.3 cm diamtr column with 9.46 rmoval of COD, 6.82 rmoval of ammonia and 8.4 rmoval of color. For th adsorption with zolit as th bottom layr and GAC as th uppr layr, th data fittd wll with th Langmuir modl. Whil for th adsorption with zolit as th uppr layr and GAC as th bottom layr, th data fittd wll for both Langmuir and Frundlich isothrms. Kywords: Dy wastwatr, Granular activatd carbon (GAC), Zolit, Adsorption, Isothrm modl 1. Introduction Txtil dying is on of th important industris in Malaysia. Diffrnt stps in th dying and finishing procsss in txtil dying industry, howvr, rsults in th gnration of larg quantitis of colord dy wastwatr (Babu, t al., 27). Th rlas of untratd colord wastwatrs into th cosystm can b vry damaging to th rciving watr bodis. Typically, untratd dys wastwatrs from dystuff production and dying industris hav a grat varity of colors and difficult to biodgrad du to complx chmical structurs. Furthrmor, dys usd in th txtil industry may b toxic to aquatic organisms and som of ths dys ar suspctd carcinogns (Erdm, t al., 2; Hamd, 29a; Pinhiro, t al., 24; Babu, t al., 27). Th nvironmntal concrn of ths untratd dys wastwatrs has drawn th awarnss of many rsarch studis. Accordingly, various tratmnt procsss hav bn mployd for th rmoval of dys from wastwatr, such as coagulation/ flocculation procss (Butt, t al., 2), cation xchang mmbrans (Wu, t al., 28), lctrochmical dgradation (Fan, t al., 28), advancd oxidativ procss (Banrj, t al., 27; Mahmoud, t al., 27; Fathima, t al., 28), Fnton-biological tratmnt (Lodha, & Chaudhari, 27; Garcia-Montano, t al., 28), and adsorption (Alln, t al., 24; Erdm, t al., 2; Hamd, 29a; Hamd, t al., 29). Until now, adsorption tchniqu using many typs of adsorbnts is still th most favorabl mthod in th rmoval of contaminants from wastwatrs du to its fficincy; high adsorption capacity and low oprational Publishd by Canadian Cntr of Scinc and Education 37

2 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 cost mthod. Adsorbnt such as activatd carbon is vry suitabl for rducing th organic substancs (such as COD/BOD) and color (Alvars, t al., 21; Kaldris, t al., 28; Ahmad, t al., 29). On th othr hands, zolit was found vry ffctiv in rducing ammoniacal nitrogn and COD (L, t al., 1996; Chang, t al., 21; Jung, t al., 24; Otal, t al., 2) sinc it hav high cationic xchang capacitis, larg surfac aras and high rsidual carbon contnts. Th purpos of th prsnt work was to valuat th rmoval fficincy of ammonia, COD and color in dy wastwatr using granular activatd carbon (GAC) and zolit, as wll as to compar th prformanc of th squnc arrangmnt btwn GAC and zolit as filtr mdia in diffrnt surfac diamtr of column sizs. Apart from that, adsorption isothrms wr also analyzd using quilibrium data for th combination of GAC and zolit at diffrnt squncs. 2. Matrials and Mthods 2.1 Matrials Th dy wastwatr was takn from Pnfabric Mill 3, Bayan Lpas, Pnang. Th dy wastwatr mainly consists of dying ingrdints, sodium sulphat anhydrid (Na 2 SO 4 ) and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). Tabl 1 prsnts th charactristics of th raw dy wastwatr sampl. Granular activatd carbon (GAC) and zolit wr usd as th mdia tratmnt (adsorbnt) for dy wastwatr. GAC and zolit wr supplid by Fudojaya Sdn. Bhd. GAC and zolit wr sivd to obtain th rquird particl siz rang of 1.18 mm 2. mm. Zolit was immrsd into 1 M of NaCl for 24 h (Ilyas, 27). Both adsorbnts wr rinsd with distilld watr for svral tims to rmov dust and othrs impuritis. Aftr that, both adsorbnts wr thn placd in an ovn at C for 24 h and subsquntly drid in a dsiccator for 2 h and it was rady to us. 2.2 Analytical Mthods Th concntration of COD, ammoniacal nitrogn, and color wr analyzd in accordanc with th Standard Mthods for th Examination of Watr and Wastwatr (APHA, 1992). Calorimtric mthod with HACH DR/21 spctromtr (st at 62 nm wavlngth) was usd in masuring COD concntration. Ammonia concntrations was masurd by Nsslrization Mthod (4 NH 3 ) using a HACH DR/21 spctromtr (st at 42 nm wavlngth). Whil color was masurd by APHA Platinum-Cobalt Mthod using HACH DR/21 spctromtr (st at 4 nm wavlngth) and distilld watr was usd as a blank. Th unit that usd for th color tst is platinum cobalt (PtCo). 2.3 Laboratory Column Studis Th rmoval fficincy of COD, ammonia and color from dy wastwatr was invstigatd using laboratory plastic column filld with GAC and zolit. In this study, four st of xprimnts (shown in Figur 1 and Tabl 2) wr conductd to dtrmin th ffctivnss of th adsorbnts and it consists of column with surfac diamtr of 1.91 cm, 3.81 cm and 6.3 cm, rspctivly. Columns wr mountd vrtically and th adsorbnt (bd hight of 6 cm, and 1 cm) was supportd on a prforatd nt. A total sampl of ml dy wastwatr was usd/prpard and draind from th holding tank to th spcific flow rat using a control valv. Th opration was down plug flow mod. Efflunt sampls wr collctd into a bakr aftr th adsorption tratmnt. All th sorption xprimnts wr carrid out at room tmpratur. 2.4 Surfac Loading Rat (SLR) & Empty Bd Contact Tim (EBCT) Thr diffrnt flow rats (9 ml/min, 27 ml/min and 1 ml/min) wr usd for column filld with GAC (Figur 1a). Whil for column filld with zolit (Figur 1b) and columns with squncs arrangmnt of GAC and zolit (Figurs 1c & 1d), th flow rat usd was 9 ml/min. Th surfac loading rat (SLR) was calculatd by, Volumtric Flow Rat (ml / min) Surfac Loading Rat(SLR) (1) 2 Column Cross Sctional Ara (cm ) Th SLR calculatd rangs from 2.84 to ml/cm 2.min. Th void volum for GAC and zolit was found to b 8 and 2, rspctivly through th column xprimnt. It mans that mpty bd contact tim (EBCT) is about twic th tru contact tim btwn th fluid bing tratd and th GAC particls. Th EBCT for GAC and zolit can b calculatd basd on ths void volum of th wastwatr sampl in th dsird bd hight and flow rat that ar givn by Eqs. (2) and (3), rspctivly. 2 D ( ) bd hight.8 6 EBCT 4 (2) GAC Volumtric Flow Rat 38 ISSN E-ISSN

3 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary D ( ) bd hight.2 6 EBCT 4 zolit (3) Volumtric Flow Rat Whil th EBCT for th squncs arrangmnt of GAC and zolit will b th sum of both EBCT according to th bd hight in th tratmnt. 2. Isothrm Modls Frundlich and Langmuir isothrm modls wr applid in this study to analyz adsorption capacity of GAC and zolit. Th Frundlich isothrm is basd on an assumption of adsorption onto htrognous surfacs, multilayr adsorption which is diffrnt with th Langmuir isothrm that basd on assumption of monolayr adsorption. Exprimnt was carrid out with diffrnt arrangmnt of adsorbnt squnc in ordr to diffrntiat th adsorption capacity. Th xprimnt was conductd using th sam lngth of adsorbnt but varying th diamtr of th surfac column (from 1.91 cm to 6.3 cm). Th dy wastwatr was tratd at th maximum condition (flow rat of 9 ml/min and bd hight of 1 cm). Th amount of adsorption at quilibrium, q (mg/g), was calculatd by th following quation, ( Co C). V q (4) W whr C o and C (mg/l) ar th liquid-phas concntrations of sampl at initial and quilibrium, rspctivly. W (g) is th mass of composit mdia usd and V (L) is th volum of th solution. Th rmoval fficincy of paramtrs studid can b calculatd as follows, Co Rmoval Efficincy () = C x1 () Co Adsorption isothrm is fundamntally ssntial to xplain how soluts intract with adsorbnts, and is critical in optimizing th us of adsorbnts (Hamd, 29b). Th Langmuir (Langmuir, 1916) and th Frundlich (Frundlich, 196) wr mployd in th prsnt study. Th linarizd forms of th two isothrms ar as follows, (6) q K q C q a 1 ln q ln KF ln C (7) n Th Langmuir constants, q m (mg/g) and K a (L/mg), ar rlatd to adsorption capacity and nrgy of adsorption, rspctivly. Whil K F and n ar Frundlich constants. 2.6 Data Prcision Evry analysis and xprimntal run was rpatd at last two to thr tims to incras th prcision of th rsults, and only th avrag valu was rportd throughout this study. Th rpatability of th xprimntal data was found to b sufficintly high with rlativ rror btwn rpatd runs lss than. 3. Rsults and Discussion 3.1 Effcts of SLR on th GAC and Zolit Adsorption Procsss Th ffct of SLR on th rmoval of COD, ammonia and color using GAC adsorbnt ar shown in Figurs 2 to 4 at various surfac diamtr and bd hight. It can b sn from ths figurs th maximum rduction for all paramtrs wr rcordd at1 cm of GAC hight and SLR of 31.8 ml/cm 2.min, 7.89 ml/cm 2.min, and 2.84 ml/cm 2.min. Th maximum COD rductions for surfac column diamtr of 1.91 cm, 3.81 cm and 6.3 cm wr 11.88, and 4.31, rspctivly. For ammonia, th maximum rduction of 12.8, 27.3 and 4.79 wr obtaind at surfac column diamtr of 1.91 cm, 3.81 cm and 6.3 cm, rspctivly. Th sam trnd was also obsrvd for color rmoval. Th adsorption rat is controlld by two intraparticl diffusion mchanisms, i.. diffusion within th por volum (por diffusion) and diffusion along th surfac of pors (surfac diffusion) (Tin, 1994). Adsorption at low SLR may provid mor adquat contact tim for impurity to transport from liquid to th pors of adsorbnt. Basd on this rsult, it can b concludd that highr rmoval of COD, ammonia and color could b obtaind at a lowr SLR and highr bd of GAC adsorbnt. Th maximum rmoval condition for all th paramtrs using GAC was obtaind at SLR of 2.84 ml/cm 2.min and adsorbnt hight of 1 cm. On th othr hand, th ffct of various SLR and bd hight on th rmoval of COD, ammonia and color using zolit adsorbnt ar shown in Figur. It was shown that th rmoval prcntag for all paramtrs incras with m m Publishd by Canadian Cntr of Scinc and Education 39

4 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 incrasing th hight of zolit column and dcrasing th SLR valus. Th maximum COD, ammonia and color rduction of 2.3, 4.62 and 39.86, rspctivly wr obtaind using 1 cm zolit hight and SLR of 2.84 ml/cm 2.min. Th incras in th rmoval prcntag for all paramtrs lads to dcras in th solut concntration in th fflunt. Consquntly, th fflunt concntration might b rducd with furthr incras in th bd hight of zolit. 3.2 Effcts of EBCT on th GAC and Zolit Adsorption Procsss Figur 6 dpicts th ffct of contact tim (EBCT) on th rmoval of COD, ammonia and color at various GAC hights. Th contact tims usd wr varid (rangs from sconds) by th incrmnt of th surfac diamtr of th column from 1.91 cm to 6.3 cm, dpnding on th total volum of GAC usd. Whn th adsorption procss was carrid out at GAC hight (Figur 6a), th rduction of COD, ammonia and color was only about.28,.42 and 16, rspctivly at lowr contact tim. Howvr, th amount of all paramtrs adsorbd incrass with tim and rachs a constant valu aftr 2 s. Aftr th quilibrium tim, th amount of all paramtrs adsorbd did not altr with tim. Howvr, whn GAC column was filld with highr bd, spcially with 1 cm bd hight, diffrnt rsults wr obtaind. It was shown that th rmoval prcntag for all paramtrs incras with incrasing th contact tim btwn dy and GAC. Evntually, a saturation curvs wr not rachd in all curvs of Figurs 6b and 6c (xcpt COD rduction curv in Figur 6b) indicating that th adsorbnt was not saturatd in this lvl of contact tim studid. From th figurs, it was obsrvd that th maximum rmoval was found to b at 123 s (Figur 6c) with a total of 4.31, 4.79 and rduction of COD, ammonia and color, rspctivly. At th sam tim, th xprimnt was also carrid out to study th ffct of contact tim (EBCT) on th rmoval of COD, ammonia and color using various hights of zolit. It was obsrvd from Figur 7 that th maximum rmoval for all paramtrs was found at th maximum contact tim. This indicats that highr contact tim btwn dy and zolit will lad to highr rmoval fficincy till th quilibrium tim is rachd. From th Figurs, it was obsrvd that th maximum rmoval was found to b at 11 s using 1 cm hight of zolit. 3.3 Effcts of EBCT toward th Squnc Arrangmnt of GAC and Zolit Squnc arrangmnt of activatd carbon-zolit formd by th zolit growth on porous carbon supports can possss th bifunctional proprtis of both carbon and zolit, which hav th potntial to rmov th contaminants from dy wastwatr (Zhang t al., 24). In this study, th squnc arrangmnt of GAC and zolit for dy wastwatr tratmnt was carrid out, whrby zolit was filld at th lowr part and GAC was filld at th uppr part of th column and visa vrsa. It was found from Figur 8 that th rmoval prcntag for all paramtrs incrass with incrasing th contact tim for both squnc arrangmnts. Th maximum rduction of COD, ammonia and color of 42.9,.71 and.83, rspctivly wr obtaind using zolit-gac squnc arrangmnt with a total of 233 s of contact tim. Th rsult shows that th rmoval prcntag for all paramtrs was incrasd as compard to th column filld with only GAC or zolit. 3.4 Adsorption Isothrm In this study, th Frundlich and Langmuir adsorption modls, which hav bn succssfully applid to many adsorption procsss, wr usd to study th COD, ammonia, and color adsorption bhaviour of GAC and zolit combination. Th Frundlich isothrm is basd on an assumption of adsorption onto htrognous surfacs, multilayr adsorption which is diffrnt with th Langmuir isothrm that basd on assumption of monolayr adsorption. Th maximum prformanc of th mdia (SLR of 2.84 ml/cm 2.min, ml/cm 2.min and ml/cm 2.min; adsorbnt hight of 1 cm for ach GAC and zolit) was chosn in ordr to compar th ffctivnss in changing th squnc of th adsorbnts for vry diffrnt surfac diamtr of surfac columns. 3. Frundlich Isothrm Figurs 9 and 1 shows th linar plot (ln q vrsus ln C) of Frundlich isothrm for zolit-gac and GAC-zolit arrangmnts, rspctivly using xprimntal data obtaind. Th applicability of th modl suggsts multilayr of th adsorbat at th outr surfac of th adsorbnt is significant. Valus of K f and 1/n calculatd from th plot shown in Figurs 9 and 1 ar listd in Tabl 3. From th isothrm abov, th corrlation cofficint (R 2 ) is in th rang of.768 to.894 for zolit-gac arrangmnt. Whras for GAC-zolit arrangmnt, high R 2 valus of.984 and.992, rspctivly wr obtaind for COD and color rmoval. On th othr hand, th R 2 for ammonia is only.76. K f valu shows th combination of both adsorbnts rprsnts bnficial adsorption. Thrfor, th adsorption (by both squnc arrangmnt) was favorabl for COD, ammonia and color, whrby nw adsorption sits ar availabl and th adsorption capacity incrass as th valu of 1/n < 1. 4 ISSN E-ISSN

5 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary Langmuir Isothrm Th linar plot of spcific adsorption (1/q) against th quilibrium concntration (1/C) (Figurs 11 and 12) shows that th adsorption also obys th Langmuir modl. Th Langmuir constants qm and Ka wr dtrmind from th slop and intrcpt of th plot and ar prsntd in Tabl 4. Th valu of th cofficint of corrlation (R 2 ) rang from.897 to.923 (for zolit-gac arrangmnt) and from.869 to.991 (for GAC-zolit arrangmnt) obtaind from Langmuir xprssion indicats that Langmuir xprssion providd a bttr fit to th xprimntal data. Sinc th valu of cofficint of dtrmination (R 2 ) in Langmuir isothrm is almost th sam with Frundlich isothrm in COD, ammonia and color rmoval for adsorption with GAC and zolit, thrfor, th rsults show th Langmuir isothrm is also fittd with th Frundlich modl. 4. Conclusion Th tratmnt of dy wastwatr using GAC and zolit adsorbnts was invstigatd undr diffrnt xprimntal conditions in column procss. Th critria of dtrmining th rduction of contaminants ar basically found that dpnd on th surfac loading rat (SLR), bd dpth of adsorbnt, th mpty bd contact tim and th typ of adsorbnt usd. Th diffrnt in th lngth of adsorbnt and surfac diamtr column will yild diffrnt contact tim. In addition, th particl siz of adsorbnt will also affct th prformanc of adsorbnt. Among th SLR that hav bn conductd in 1.91 cm, 3.81 cm and 6.3 cm diamtr of surfac column, th maximum SLR in rmoving contaminants was 2.84 ml/min.cm 2. Th lowr SLR and longr in adsorbnt dpth will incras th volum of adsorption procss. Th highr volum of th contact bd adsorbnt yild th longr contact tim and bttr rmoval will b producd. At th highr SLR will dcras th EBCT and lssr of contaminants will b adsorbd in GAC and zolit. In rlation to th charactristics of GAC and zolit, a squnc of combination with both adsorbnts may produc a bttr rmoval of contaminants. From th data that obtaind, th arrangmnt of GAC as th bottom layr and zolit as th uppr layr produc bttr rsult in all paramtrs. Th maximum rmoval of th contaminants among th all adsorption tratmnt was found using 1 cm of GAC (bottom layr) and 1 cm of zolit (uppr layr) in 6.3 cm diamtr column with 9.46 rmoval of COD, 6.82 rmoval of ammonia and 8.4 rmoval of color. Th Frundlich and Langmuir isothrm modls wr usd to xprss th sorption phnomna of dy wastwatr rmoval using squnc of combination of GAC and zolit. Linar rgrssion of th xprimntal data showd that th Frundlich and Langmuir isothrm modls can b usd to dscrib COD, ammonia and color rmoval. Acknowldgmnt Th authors wish to acknowldg th financial support from th Ministry of Scinc, Tchnology and Innovation (MOSTI) Malaysia and Univrsiti Sains Malaysia (Short Trm Grant). Rfrncs Ahmad, A. A., & Hamd, B. H. (29). Rduction of COD and color of dying fflunt from a cotton txtil mill by adsorption onto bamboo-basd activatd carbon. Journal of Hazardous Matrials, 172, Alln, S. J., Mckay, G., & Portr, J. F. (24). Adsorption isothrm modls for basic dy adsorption by pat in singl and binary componnt systms. Journal of Colloid and Intrfac Scinc, 28, Alvars, A. B. C, Diapr, C., & Parsons, S. A. (21). Partial oxidation of hydrolysd and unhydrolysd txtil azo dys by ozon and th ffct on biodgradability. Procss Safty and Environmntal Protction, 79(2), APHA. (1992). Standard Mthods for th Examination of Watr and Wast Watr, 19th d. Amrican Public Halth Association, Washington, D.C. Babu, B. R., Parand, A. K., Raghu, S., & Prm Kumar, T. (27). Cotton txtil procssing: Wast gnration and fflunt tratmnt. Journal of Cotton Scinc, 11, Banrj, P., Dasgupta, S., & D, S. (27). Rmoval of dy from aquous solution using a combination of advancd oxidation procss and nanofiltration. Journal of Hazardous Matrials, 14, Butt, M. T., Arif, F., Shafiqu, T., & Imtiaz, N. (2). Spctrophotomtric stimation of colour in txtil dying wastwatr. Journal of th Chmical Socity of Pakistan, 27(6), Publishd by Canadian Cntr of Scinc and Education 41

6 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 Chang, W., Hong, S., & Park, J. (21). Effct of zolit mdia for th tratmnt of txtil wastwatr in a biological aratd filtr. Procss Biochmistry, 37, Erdm, E., Çölgçn, G., & Donat, R. (2). Th rmoval of txtil dys by diatomit arth. Journal of Colloid and Intrfac Scinc, 282, Fan, L., Zhou, Y., Yang, W., Chn, G., & Yang, F. (28). Elctrochmical dgradation of aquous solution of Amaranth azo dy on ACF undr potntiostatic modl. Dys Pigmnts, 76, Fathima, N. N., Aravindhan, R., Rao, J. R., & Nair, B. U. (28). Dy hous wastwatr tratmnt through advancd oxidation procss using Cu-xchangd Y zolit: A htrognous catalytic approach. Chmosphr, 7, Frundlich, H. M. F. (196). Ovr th adsorption in solution. Journal of Physical Chmistry, 7, Garcia-Montano, J., Prz-Estrada, L., Ollr, I., Maldonado, M. I., Torrads, F., & Pral, J. (28). Pilot plant scal ractiv dys dgradation by solar photo-fnton and biological procsss. Journal of Photochmistry and Photobiology A: Chmistry, 19, Hamd, B. H. (29a). Spnt ta lavs: A nw non-convntional and low-cost adsorbnt for rmoval of basic dy from aquous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Matrials, 161, Hamd, B. H. (29b). Evaluation of papaya sds as a novl non-convntional low-cost adsorbnt for rmoval of mthyln blu. Journal of Hazardous Matrials, 162, Hamd, B. H., Krishni, R. R., & Sata, S. A. (29). A novl agricultural wast adsorbnt for th rmoval of cationic dy from aquous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Matrials, 162, Ilyas, H. (27). Pnyrapan bsi dan ammonium dalam air olh zolit Lampung. MSc Thsis, Univrsitas Islam Ngri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta. Jung, J., Chung, Y. C., Shin, H. S., & Son, D. H. (24). Enhancd ammonia nitrogn rmoval using xistnt biological rgnration and ammonium xchang of zolit in modifid SBR procss. Watr Rsarch, 38, Kaldris, D., Koutoulakis, D., Paraskva, P., Diamadopoulos, E., Otal, E., dl Vall, J. O., & Frnándz-Prira, C. (28). Adsorption of polluting substancs on activatd carbons prpard from ric husk and sugarcan bagass. Chmical Enginring Journal, 144(1), Langmuir, I. (1916). Th constitution and fundamntal proprtis of solids and liquids, Part I. Solids. Journal of th Amrican Chmical Socity, 38(11), L, J. H., Kim, D. S., L, S. O., & Shin, B. S. (1996). Tratmnt of municipal landfill lachats using artificial zolit. Chawon Risaikring,, Lodha, B., & Chaudhari, S. (27). Optimization of Fnton-biological tratmnt schm for th tratmnt of aquous dy solutions. Journal of Hazardous Matrials, 148, Mahmoud, A. S., Brooks, M. S., & Ghaly, A. E. (27). Dcolorization of rmazol brilliant blu dy fflunt by advancd photo oxidation procss (H 2 O 2 /UV systm). Amrican Journal of Applid Scincs, 4(12), Otal, E., Vilchs, L. F., Morno, N., Qurol, X., Val, J., & Frnándz Prira, C. (2). Application of zolitisd coal fly ashs to th dpuration of liquid wasts. Ful, 84, Pinhiro, H. M., Touraud, E., & Thomas, O. (24). Aromatic amins from azo dy rduction: status rviw with mphasis on dirct UV spctrophotomtric dtction in txtil industry wastwatrs. Dys and Pigmnts, 61, Tin, C. (1994). Adsorption Calculations and Modling. Buttrworth-Hinmann, Boston Wu, J. S., Liu, C. H., Chu, K. H., & Sun, S. Y. (28). Rmoval of cationic dy mthyl violt 2B from watr by cation xchang mmbrans. Journal of Mmbran Scinc, 39, Zhang, X., Zhu, W., Liu, H., & Wang, T. (24). Novl tubular composit carbon-zolit mmbrans. Matrial Lttrs, 8, ISSN E-ISSN

7 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 Tabl 1. Charactristics of th raw dy wastwatr Paramtr Unit Avrag Valu ph Turbidity FAU COD mg/l Suspndd solid mg/l.76 Zinc mg/l <.2 Mangans mg/l.-.6 Iron mg/l.13-. Coppr mg/l.3 Ammonia mg/l Tru Color PtCo 68-7 Tabl 2. Th arrangmnt of th xprimnt studis Exprimnt Bottom Layr Uppr Layr Exprimnt 1 GAC Exprimnt 2 Zolit Exprimnt 3 Zolit GAC Exprimnt 4 GAC Zolit Tabl 3. Frundlich isothrm for COD, ammonia and color rmoval Paramtrs COD Ammonia Color Zolit-GAC arrangmnt: R K f x x x /n Frundlich q = x C q = x C q = x C quation GAC-Zolit arrangmnt: R K f x x x /n Frundlich q = x C q = x C q = x C quation Publishd by Canadian Cntr of Scinc and Education 43

8 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 Tabl 4. Langmuir isothrm for COD, ammonia and color rmoval Paramtrs COD Ammonia Color Zolit-GAC arrangmnt: R K a (L/g) q m (mg/g) -1.4 x x x 1-4 Langmuir Equation C q = 1.264C C C q = q = 1.7C 1.3C 6 GAC-Zolit arrangmnt: R K a (L/g) q m (mg/g).4 x x x 1-4 Langmuir Equation C C C q= q= q= 1.43C C 1.369C ISSN E-ISSN

9 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 Figur 1. Column studis (d) Publishd by Canadian Cntr of Scinc and Education 4

10 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 COD rduction () COD Rduction for GAC (1.91 cm diamtr column) NH3 rduction () Ammonia Rduction for GAC (1.91 cm diamtr column) Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) Color rduction () Color Rduction for GAC (1.91 cm diamtr column) Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) Figur 2. Rmoval fficincy of COD, ammonia and color in dy wastwatr using GAC column (with surfac diamtr of 1.91 cm) at diffrnt SLR and bd hight COD rduction () COD Rduction for GAC (3.81 cm diamtr column) NH3 rduction () Ammonia Rduction for GAC (3.81 cm diamtr column) Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) Color rduction () Color Rduction for GAC (3.81 cm diamtr column) Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) Figur 3. Rmoval fficincy of COD, ammonia and color in dy wastwatr using GAC column (with surfac diamtr of 3.81 cm) at diffrnt SLR and bd hight 46 ISSN E-ISSN

11 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 COD rduction () COD Rduction for GAC (6.3 cm diamtr column) Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) Color rduction () NH3 rduction () Ammonia Rduction for GAC (6.3 cm diamtr column) Color Rduction for GAC (6.3 cm diamtr column) Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) 1 Figur 4. Rmoval fficincy of COD, ammonia and color in dy wastwatr using GAC column (with surfac diamtr of 6.3 cm) at diffrnt SLR and bd hight COD rduction () COD Rduction for Zolit Bd dpth (cm)) Color rduction () Surfac Loading Rat (ml/min/cm 2 ) Figur. Rmoval fficincy of COD, ammonia and color in dy wastwatr using zolit column (with surfac diamtr of 1.91 cm) at diffrnt SLR and bd hight NH3 rduction () Color Rduction for Zolit Bd dpth (cm)) Ammonia Rduction for Zolit Bd dpth (cm)) Publishd by Canadian Cntr of Scinc and Education 47

12 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary Rduction () vs for 6cm GAC 4 Rduction () vs for 8cm GAC Rduction () COD NH3 Color Rduction () COD NH3 Color 6 Rduction () vs for 1cm GAC Rduction () Figur 6. Rmoval fficincy of COD, ammonia and color in dy wastwatr using and 1 cm GAC hight at diffrnt contact tim (EBCT) COD NH3 Color Rduction () Rduction () vs for 6cm Zolit COD NH3 Color Rduction () Rduction () vs for 8cm Zolit COD NH3 Color Rduction () Rduction () vs for 1cm Zolit Figur 7. Rmoval fficincy of COD, ammonia and color in dy wastwatr using and 1 cm zolit hight at diffrnt contact tim (EBCT) COD NH3 Color 48 ISSN E-ISSN

13 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 Rduction () Rduction () vs for 1cm Zolit + 1cm GAC COD NH3 Color Figur 8. Rmoval fficincy of COD, ammonia and color in dy wastwatr using zolit-gac and GAC-zolit squnc arrangmnts at diffrnt contact tim (EBCT) Rduction () Rduction () vs for 1cm GAC + 1cm Zolit COD NH3 Color Figur 9. Frundlich isothrm for COD, ammonia and color rmoval for dy wastwatr tratmnt with zolit as bottom layr and GAC as uppr layr Publishd by Canadian Cntr of Scinc and Education 49

14 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 Figur 1. Frundlich isothrm for COD, ammonia and color rmoval for dy wastwatr tratmnt with GAC as bottom layr and zolit as uppr layr Figur 11. Langmuir isothrm for COD, ammonia and color rmoval for dy wastwatr tratmnt with zolit as bottom layr and GAC as uppr layr ISSN E-ISSN

15 Modrn Applid Scinc Vol. 6, No. 2; Fbruary 212 Figur 12. Langmuir isothrm for COD, ammonia and color rmoval for dy wastwatr tratmnt with GAC as bottom layr and zolit as uppr layr Publishd by Canadian Cntr of Scinc and Education 1