Excellent Tool for Standardized Test Preparation! Digraphs Diphthongs Syllabication Acronyms Figures of speech Dictionary skills Answer key

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1 Excllnt Tool for Standardizd Tst Prparation! Digraphs Diphthongs Syllabication Acronyms Figurs of spch Dictionary skills Answr ky

2 Word Study and Phonics Publishd by Frank Schaffr Publications

3 Frank Schaffr Publications Spctrum is an imprint of Frank Schaffr Publications. Printd in th Unitd Stats of Amrica. All rights rsrvd. Excpt as prmittd undr th Unitd Stats Copyright Act, no part of this publication may b rproducd or distributd in any form or by any mans, or stord in a databas or rtrival systm, without prior writtn prmission from th publishr, unlss othrwis indicatd. Frank Schaffr Publications is an imprint of School Spcialty Publishing. Copyright 2007 School Spcialty Publishing. Snd all inquiris to: Frank Schaffr Publications 8720 Orion Plac Columbus, Ohio Spctrum Word Study and Phonics grad 6 ISBN POH

4 Lsson Tabl of 1.2 Contnts Chaptr 1 Phonics Lsson 1.1 Hard and Soft c and g Lsson 1.2 Th Sounds of s Rviw: Hard and Soft c and g and th Sounds of s Lsson 1.3 Consonant Digraphs Lsson 1.4 Silnt Consonants Lsson 1.5 Mor Silnt Consonants Lsson 1.6 Ti and Ci Rviw: Digraphs, Silnt Consonants, ti and ci Lsson 1.7 Vowl Sounds (ai, ay, i, y) Lsson 1.8 Vowl Sounds (, a, i, y) Lsson 1.9 Vowl Sounds (ind, ild, igh) Lsson 1.10 Vowl Sounds (oa, ow, old, oll, ost) Rviw: Vowl Sounds Lsson 1.11 Vowl Sounds (oo, w, ou, ui, u) Lsson 1.12 Vowl Sounds (au, aw, al, alk, all) Lsson 1.13 Vowl Diphthongs Rviw: Vowl Sounds and Diphthongs Lsson 1.14 Th Schwa Sound Lsson 1.15 Th Sounds of y Lsson 1.16 R-Controlld Vowls (ar, r, ir, or, ur) Lsson 1.17 Mor r-controlld Vowls (air, ar, ar, r) Rviw: Schwa, th Sounds of y, and r-controlld Vowls Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Tabl of Contnts 3

5 Tabl of Contnts, continud Chaptr 2 Word Structur Lsson 2.1 Bas Words and Endings Lsson 2.2 Comparativ Endings Rviw: Bas Words and Endings Lsson 2.3 Plurals Lsson 2.4 Irrgular Plurals Lsson 2.5 Possssivs Rviw: Plurals, Irrgular Plurals, and Possssivs Lsson 2.6 Compound Words Lsson 2.7 Contractions Rviw: Compound Words and Contractions Lsson 2.8 Prfixs Lsson 2.9 Suffixs Rviw: Prfixs and Suffixs Lsson 2.10 Syllabication Rviw: Syllabication Chaptr 3 Vocabulary Lsson 3.1 Synonyms and Antonyms Lsson 3.2 Shads of Maning Lsson 3.3 Lvls of Spcificity Rviw: Synonyms, Antonyms, Shads of Maning, and Lvls of Spcificity Lsson 3.4 Homophons Lsson 3.5 Multipl-Maning Words Rviw: Homophons and Multipl-Maning Words Spctrum Word Study and Phonics 4 Tabl of Contnts

6 Tabl of Contnts, continud Lsson 3.6 Clippd Words and Acronyms Lsson 3.7 Word Play Rviw: Clippd Words, Acronyms, and Word Play Lsson 3.8 Figurs of Spch Lsson 3.9 Idioms Lsson 3.10 Analogis Rviw: Figurs of Spch, Idioms, and Analogis Chaptr 4 Dictionary Skills and Word Origins Lsson 4.1 Guid Words and Entry Words Lsson 4.2 Word Familis Rviw: Guid Words, Entry Words, and Word Familis Lsson 4.3 Frquntly Usd Forign Words Lsson 4.4 Word Historis Rviw: Frquntly Usd Forign Words and Word Historis Lsson 4.5 Grk Roots Lsson 4.6 Latin Roots Rviw: Grk and Latin Roots Lsson 4.7 Pronunciation Ky and Rspllings Lsson 4.8 Accnt Marks Rviw: Rspllings and Accnt Marks Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Tabl of Contnts 5

7 Lsson 1.1 Hard and Soft c and g Th lttrs c and g can mak a hard sound, as in candl and ground. Whn followd by, i, or y, thy can mak a soft sound, as in grbil and fancy. Rad ach bold word. Dcid whthr it has a hard or soft sound and undrlin th word bsid it that has th sam sound. 1. gatway gypsy bgan fragil 2. colisum rcipt cidr bcaus 3. tragic forgottn lgnd gophr 4. gardnia gstur sgmnt vgtabl 5. collaborat lctric sincrly cindr On th lin nxt to ach bold word blow, writ HC (hard c), HG (hard g), SC (soft c), or SG (soft g) to show which sound th word contains. 1. A comt is a body in th solar systm that is mad of ic, dust, and gass. 2. Th word comt has its origins in Latin and Grk. It mans hairy on or hairy star. 3. Bfor scintists had dtrmind what comts wr, many popl considrd thm to b bad omns. 4. A comt that travls clos to th sun is visibl from Earth as an objct that glows with a long, straming tail. 5. Th forcs of th sun, including prssur and solar wind, caus a comt s tail to form from gas and dust. 6. For this rason, th tail gnrally points away from th sun. 7. Hally s comt, which appars approximatly onc vry 76 yars, was last sn in Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 1 Phonics 6

8 Lsson 1.1 Hard and Soft c and g Rad th paragraphs blow. Writ th words that contain th hard and soft c and g sounds in th corrct columns. You do not nd to list th sam word mor than onc unlss it can b listd in mor than on catgory. Anyon who has vr sn a gysr is sur to agr that gysrs ar on of th wondrs of th natural world. A gysr is a typ of hot spring that shoots strams of watr and stam dirctly into th air. Gysrs xist in only a fw rgions on Earth, including Japan, Icland, and Nw Zaland. Th largst gysr fild in th world, howvr, is locatd hr in th Unitd Stats at Yllowston National Park. Approximatly 400 gysrs stam, bubbl, and gurgl at Yllowston! Gysrs occur whn watr sps undrground and is hatd by magma, or moltn rock. Th stam and boiling watr ar trappd by coolr watr in tub-lik passags undrground. Prssur continus to build, and vntually watr and stam shoot out of th gysr in a giant burst. Th rmaining watr in th gysr cools down so that it is no longr boiling, and th ruption nds. As th watr sps back into th arth, th whol cycl bgins again. Th ruptions of som gysrs ar prdictabl. Yllowston s Old Faithful rupts about vry 80 minuts and shoots as much as 8,500 gallons of boiling watr narly 200 ft in th air. It s quit a spctacl to s, and tourists ar oftn on hand to witnss th amazing vnt at a saf distanc. Hard g: Soft g: Hard c: Soft c: Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 1 Phonics 7

9 Lsson 1.2 Th Sounds of s Th lttr s can mak svral diffrnt sounds. It can mak th /s/ sound, as in salut. It can mak th /z/ sound, as in positiv. It can mak th /sh/ sound, as in insuranc. It can mak th /zh/ sound, as in usually. Rad ach st of words blow. On th lin, writ th lttrs of th two words in which s maks th sam sound. 1. a. fusion b. sandbox c. musum d. casual 2. a. rasoning b. sanctuary c. includs d. tissu 3. a. scurry b. composd c. intrmission d. surly 4. a. chs b. trustworthy c. trmndous d. masur 5. a. vision b. xplanations c. scuba d. Asia 6. a. suprior b. hadquartrs c. sugary d. plasing 7. a. obsrvation b. plasurabl c. trasur d. tnsion 8. a. harnss b. rosion c. sophomor d. ours Rad th words in th box. Writ ach word undr th corrct hading blow. xpansion basktball rfusal sugar prsrvativ frustrat composition postpon prcision tissu division visionary prmission nwspapr casually rstlss /s/ sound /z/ sound /zh/ sound /sh/ sound Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 2 Phonics 8

10 Lsson 1.2 Th Sounds of s On th lin, writ th s sound you har in ach bold word. Choos from /s/ (as in soup), /z/ (as in ths), /zh/ (as in invasion), and /sh/ (as in mission). Pam Muñoz Ryan has writtn many diffrnt typs of books. Writing about a divrs group of topics kps things frsh and intrsting for hr. Sh gts hr idas from momnts in history, storis sh hars on th nws, and somtims vn from hr family. For xampl, Ryan s pictur book Amlia and Elanor Go for a Rid is basd on a flight that Amlia Earhart and Elanor Roosvlt took ovr Washington D.C. In th novl Espranza Rising, Ryan tlls a fictionalizd vrsion of hr grandmothr s journy from Mxico to th Unitd Stats. Ryan also kps an ida fil. Sh jots down nots on scraps of papr, napkins, and th backs of rcipts. Whn sh is rady to bgin a nw projct, sh can flip through hr fil and look for story idas that ar unusual or ons that sh fls spcially passionat about. Whn Ryan spaks to childrn at libraris or schools, sh tris to giv thm a ralistic pictur of what it s lik to b a writr. Sh dosn t want thm to gt th imprssion that a writr s lif is strictly glamorous. Sh rminds hr audinc that working from hom isn t usually th lisurly pastim that som imagin it to b. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 2 Phonics 9

11 Rviw Hard and Soft c and g and th Sounds of s Complt ach riddl blow with a word from th box. Th word you choos should mak sns in th riddl and contain th corrct sound shown in parnthss. cntipd rfrigrator Antarctica Cindrlla frogs bcaus Q: Why is a rivr rich? REVIEW: CHAPTER 1 LESSONS 1 2 A: it has two banks (hard c) Q: Why did th boy clos th door quickly? (soft g) A: Bcaus h saw th salad drssing Q: Whr do frozn ants com from? A: (hard c) Q: What do you gt if you cross a and a parrot? (soft c) A: A walki-talki Q: What yar do lik bst? (hard g) A: Lap yar Q: Why was thrown off th basball tam? (soft c) A: Bcaus sh ran away from th ball Rad th word pairs blow. Undrlin th c or g sound you har in both words. 1. gingrbrad gomtric hard g soft g 2. juggling guardian hard g soft g 3. villag gnrally hard g soft g 4. climat countrclockwis hard c soft c 5. circulation rcption hard c soft c 6. convy occasional hard c soft c Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Rviw: Lssons 1 2 Phonics 10

12 Rviw Hard and Soft c and g and th Sounds of s Unscrambl th bold lttrs and writ th word that matchs ach clu. Th hint in parnthss will tll you which sound of s th word contains. 1. uniqu; not common uusalun (/zh/) 2. garmnts; covring for th body ocslth (/z/) 3. protction against loss from fir or dath isurncna (/sh/) 4. an antonym for ngativ tipsiov (/z/) 5. a small spoon onastpo (/s/) Circl th 4 words blow that contain th /sh/ sound of s and undrlin th 14 words that contain th /z/ sound of s. Do not mark th sam word twic. Dar Diary, My grandparnts gav m a sason pass to th art musum for a birthday prsnt this yar. It s only four subway stops away from our nw apartmnt, so I can visit REVIEW: CHAPTER 1 LESSONS 1 2 as frquntly as I lik. I v bn thr svral tims on fild trips, but it is so larg, that I think it would tak a whol liftim to know vry pic of art. Th nw xpansion will b complt this spring, and I can t wait to s what has changd. Whn Isabl and I go this wknd, I d lik to spnd som tim looking at th work of th Imprssionists. In Mr. Yang s class, w rcntly larnd about th issu that a group of artists had in Franc during th lat 1800s. Th Frnch Acadmy was powrful, and thy prssurd artists to crat crtain typs of work. Th group that would latr bcom known as th Imprssionists had thir own vision of what art could b. Mayb somday I ll hav th plasur of sing my own artwork hanging proudly on thos sam walls. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Rviw: Lssons 1 2 Phonics 11

13 Lsson 1.3 Consonant Digraphs A digraph is a blnd of two consonants that form a nw sound. Th digraph sh maks th /sh/ sound in ggshll. Th digraph ch can mak th /ch/, /sh/, or /k/ sound, as in charcoal, chauffur, and chmistry. Rad th sntncs blow. On ach lin, writ th sound (/sh/, /ch/, or /k/) th digraph maks in th bold word. 1. In March, Alna s cousin Chris cam to visit. 2. Alna s family had just adoptd Charlott, a bloodhound. 3. Sh s a bit shy, Alna advisd hr cousin as sh unlatchd th lash. 4. Sh s bautiful, commntd Chris. Did you rsarch dog brds bfor you chos hr? 5. Alna noddd. Th chf at my stpdad s rstaurant told us about a shltr in Chicago that rscus bloodhounds. 6. Th skin around th ys and ars capturs scnts. Bloodhounds hav a sharp sns of smll and ar xcllnt tracking dogs. 7. What kind of charactr do thy hav? askd Chris. 8. Thy tnd to b chrful and asygoing, rplid Alna. 9. Sh dosn t lik chipmunks or mn with mustachs, continud Alna with a grin, but othr than that, sh s bn in a chronic good mood sinc w got hr. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 3 Phonics 12

14 Lsson 1.3 Consonant Digraphs Th digraph th can mak th unvoicd sound (/th/), as in thumb, and th voicd sound (/th/), as in bothr. Th digraph wh can mak th /hw/ sound, as in whitwash, and th /h/ sound, as in wholsal. Th digraph ph maks th /f/ sound, as in photocopy. Rad th clus blow. On th lin, writ th word from th box that matchs th clu and has th sound listd in parnthss. Thn, find ach word in th word sarch puzzl. Words may b writtn forward, backward, or diagonally. thatr Philippins northrn whimpr sympathy wholsom pharmacy 1. a plac whr popl go to watch a movi (/th/) 2. an antonym for southrn (/th/) 3. a country in southast Asia that has thousands of islands (/f/) 4. halthful; nutritious (/h/) 5. a fling of pity or sorrow for anothr prson (/th/) 6. a wak, whining sort of cry (/hw/) 7. a plac whr popl go to buy prscription mdicin (/f/) y h a n o r t h r n v t p h i l i p p i n s n m o h n t c a s x w b t n n o g a y r b w h u a p m s f r r y o a x i w n b y m f g d l l o m b h z j l h a f w s y m p a t h y o o c l h y r q v c d s h k y t u n c w r b q a k w Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 3 Phonics 13

15 Lsson 1.3 Consonant Digraphs Th digraphs ck, ng, and gh can com in th middl or at th nd of a word. Th digraph ck maks th /k/ sound, as in spckld. Th digraph ng maks th /ng/ sound, as in amazing. Th digraph gh can mak th /f/ sound, as in coughd. Complt ach sntnc blow with a word from th box. Circl th digraphs ck, ng, and gh in th words you us. scoring block rough ntring surprising hocky puck playing nough incrasing opposing waring stick 1. is a tam sport playd on ic by playrs skats. 2. It is not rally that hocky is most popular in rgions of th world that stay rlativly cold, such as Canada, Finland, and Russia. 3. Bcaus a rubbr disc calld a can fly at spds of mor than 100 mils pr hour, hocky can b a and dangrous gam. 4. Evn plnty of protctiv quipmnt isn t always to kp a playr saf. 5. A goaltndr s job is to kp th puck from th nt and thus kp th tam from a point. 6. Th goali may a shot with his or hr body, which is wll paddd with protctiv gar, or h or sh may us a hocky as th rst of th playrs do. 7. Most ic hocky tams ar comprisd of mn, but womn hav playd th gam sinc at last th 1800s. Today, th numbr of womn th sport is rapidly. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 3 Phonics 14

16 Lsson 1.3 Consonant Digraphs Rad th paragraphs blow. On ach lin, writ th digraph (sh, ch, th, or ng) that corrctly complts th bold word. Fw popl would argu that lif in Amrica today isn t fast-pacd, noisy, and somtims aotic. Things ar diffrnt, ough, for a group of Amricans calld th Ami. If you liv in a Midwstrn stat, lik Ohio, Indiana, or Kansas, you might b familiar with th Amish. Thy cam to Amrica in th arly 1700s ski rligious frdom, and thir way of lif has rmaind rlativly un angd sinc thn. Th mor traditional Amish ar mmbrs of th Old Ordr. Thy un, or rjct, many convnincs of modrn-day lif. For xampl, many Old Ordr Amish oos not to us lctricity in thir homs. y travl by hors and buggy instad of usi automobils. Thy farm and ar abl to produc mu of thir food mslvs. Th Amish ar known for thir stro sns of community. Thir barn-raisi s ar a famous xampl of what can b accompli d with coopration. Hundrds of mn work tog r to rais a barn for on family. For th Old Ordr Amish, this mans working wi out powr tools. Th womn hav a similar sns of coopration and community whn thy ga r to mak pat work quilts at quilti bs. Th Amish ar rsistant to ang and rmain sparat from mainstram socity in many ways. Living simply without outsid influncs is important to thir way of lif. Family, ildrn, work, community, and spirituality ar cornrstons of Amish lif. Can you s any similaritis btwn your lif and th Amish way of lif? Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 3 Phonics 15

17 Lsson 1.4 Silnt Consonants In som consonant pairs, on lttr is silnt. Th lttr k is silnt whn it coms bfor n, as in knl. Th lttr w is silnt whn it coms bfor r, as in wrath. Th lttr c can b silnt whn it follows s, as in scissors. Th lttr b can b silnt whn it follows m, as in tomb. Fill in th blank in ach sntnc blow with a word from th box. Circl th silnt lttr in th word. knight bradcrumbs knapsack wrappr scnic thumb 1. Th scrt to Aunt Lulu s matloaf is using mad from hommad sourdough brad. 2. Th hikr filld hr with food, watr, and a map. 3. Primats ar similar to humans in thir us of th opposabl. 4. Th Hahns dcidd to tak th rout through th mountains, vn though it addd a coupl of hours to thir trip. 5. Although any fr man could bcom a during th Middl Ags, it was gnrally mn from walthy familis who rcivd this honor. 6. Th plastic covring th CD was difficult to rmov. Rad ach bold word. Circl th word bsid it that has th sam sound as th undrlind lttrs. 1. thumb timbr clumsy thimbl 2. knickrs kayak kalidoscop nightmar 3. lamb comb mmbr mumbl 4. wrath wholsal roundtrip woodwind 5. scinc sabotag collision insuranc Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 4 Phonics 16

18 Lsson 1.4 Silnt Consonants NAME Th intrviw blow contains 18 words that hav th silnt consonant pairs kn, wr, sc, and mb. Circl th words and draw a lin through ach silnt lttr. Vijay Mhta: Whn did you first know that you wantd to b a singr and songwritr? Carson Bll: That s an intrsting qustion. I cam from a tightly-knit family, and as a child, my brothrs and I spnt a grat dal of tim listning to music. W imitatd what w hard, and w vntually startd crating our own music. VM: So you always knw you wantd to writ music or somhow b involvd in th music industry? CB: No, it was actually a much longr road for m. I was taking th scnic way hom from work on night, whn I did somthing dumb. I had a papr cut on my thumb, and I trid to look for a bandag in th glov compartmnt whil I was driving. VM: CB: What happnd? Wll, I wrckd my car, but luckily I didn t do too much damag to myslf. Whn I climbd out of th car, my lft wrist hurt prtty badly and I had brokn my kncap, but I was okay. VM: CB: Did th accidnt hav an impact on your lif? It absolutly did. I njoyd my job and working in th fild of scinc, but I didn t fl th sam passion for it as I had for music. I wrstld with th dcision of what I rally wantd to do with my lif. Th scns from my childhood kpt rplaying thmslvs ovr and ovr in my mind. VM: CB: Is that whn you wnt out on a limb and changd your carr path? Ys, and I v nvr rgrttd my dcision or flt that I had mad th wrong choic. I think that knowldg of yourslf and th things that ar a priority to you ar ssntial to fling happy and fulfilld. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 4 Phonics 17

19 Lsson 1.5 Mor Silnt Consonants Whn two or thr consonants appar togthr, on lttr is somtims silnt. Th lttr g can b silnt whn it coms bfor n, as in gnom. Th lttr d is silnt whn it coms bfor g, as in fudg. Th lttr h is silnt whn it follows r, as in rhombus. Th lttr t is silnt whn it coms bfor ch, as in hatch. Th lttrs gh can b silnt, as in sight. Rad ach clu blow. Th word that matchs th clu is writtn in bold bsid it, but th lttrs ar scrambld. Unscrambl th lttrs, and writ th word on th lin. Hint: Each word will contain a silnt consonant pair. 1. prfum ogcoln 2. th sound a prson maks whn xhaling hsig 3. a rgular, rpatd musical bat mrythh 4. to trad or xchang ciwtsh 5. an animal that has a singl horn on its had osrinohcr 6. grat plasur or joy lidgth 7. to promis or swar lpgd 8. from anothr country igforn 9. a typ of small ax thacth Rad ach word blow. Find a rhyming word in th box and writ it on th lin. Thn, cross out th silnt lttr or lttrs. thighs pitchr hutch assign straight hdg rhym gnaw 1. cris 5. touch 2. claw 6. pldg 3. richr 7. wait 4. inclin 8. climb Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 5 Phonics 18

20 Lsson 1.5 Mor Silnt Consonants Rad th sntncs blow. Complt ach bold word with on of ths silnt lttr combinations: gn, dg, rh, tch, or gh. 1. H hogs ar insctivors, or animals whos dits consist mostly of inscts. 2. Bfor Hath s soccr tam bgan thir aftrnoon practic, th coach ld thm through a sris of warm-up str s. 3. Sasha hlpd dsi and paint th colorful sts for th class play. 4. Cody hlpd his dad roll out th dou to mak his favorit dssrt strawbrry- ubarb pi. 5. In Novmbr, Clay had to rsi from his position as class prsidnt bcaus his family was moving to Missouri. 6. Evry summr, Dsi and Gabby visit thir grandmothr in od Island. 7. Last yar, Grandma Nll and th girls workd togthr to mak a pa work quilt for th nw baby. 8. Whn Uncl Ross joind th Pac Corps, h had no ida which fori country h d b living in for th nxt two yars. Rad ach word in bold blow and circl th silnt lttr combination. On th lin, writ th lttr of th word bsid it that contains th sam combination. 1. wdgd a. passag b. trudging c. villag 2. rhapsody a. rsmblanc b. radioactiv c. rhythmic 3. uptight a. nigh b. coughd c. thimbls 4. assignmnt a. sagging b. signoff c. assistanc 5. sktching a. hopscotch b. blachr c. spinach 6. judging a. courag b. collg c. knowldgabl 7. limlight a. nough b. high c. August 8. crutchs a. chimpanz b. chrishd c. stitching Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 5 Phonics 19

21 Lsson 1.6 Ti and Ci Th lttrs ti and ci can stand for th /sh/ sound, as in cautious and magician. Rad th paragraphs blow. Circl th 14 words that contain th /sh/ sound splld ti. Undrlin th thr words that contain th /sh/ sound splld ci. You do not nd to mark th sam word twic. Th Mayan civilization was at its strongst btwn A.D. 250 and A.D It xistd in what is today Guatmala, Bliz, Mxico, Honduras, and El Salvador. For many yars, th Mayan popl wr somwhat of a mystry to th historians and archaologists who studid thm. What could hav mad such a powrful and advancd nation dclin so drastically? thy wondrd. Th Maya wr proficint in agricultur and practicd th cultivation of maiz (a typ of corn), bans, squash, ppprs, avocados, and pinappls. Thy had an advancd systm of irrigation and also usd othr farming tchniqus, lik rotating crops and building trracs. Thr wr mor than 40 Mayan citis, and at on tim, th population may hav rachd two million. Th Maya usd a systm of hiroglyphic writing, similar to Egyptian hiroglyphics. Th Mayan hiroglyphs, as wll as inscriptions carvd in rock, ar important sourcs of information for modrn-day rsarchrs. Th Maya ar considrd to hav bn th most advancd ancint civilization in th Wstrn Hmisphr. What causd thir dclin? It may hav bn vicious wars, natural disastrs, or a disas that wipd out larg portions of th population. About 800,000 popl today spak Mayan languags. Many modrn Maya still liv an agricultural lifstyl lik thir ancstors did. Thir prsrvation of th Mayan cultur and traditions in modrn socity giv it th potntial to b passd along for gnrations to com. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 6 Phonics 20

22 Lsson 1.6 Ti and Ci Rad th sntncs blow. Fill in ach blank with th lttrs ti or ci. 1. By th day of th audi on, Madlin had bittn off all hr fingrnails and had movd on to nrvously twirling a pic of hair around hr fingr. 2. Hr favorit tachr, Patri a Moony, had mad th suggs on that Madlin apply to th Raddatz School for th Prforming Arts. 3. You hav too much potn al to ignor, Ms. Moony told Madlin. 4. Th Raddatz School is th finst institu on in this ara, sh addd. 5. You hav such a sp al voic, and th training you would rciv could b vry bnfi al to you if you dcidd to pursu a singing carr. 6. Madlin knw th compti on would b firc, so sh trid not to hav xpcta ons that wr too high. 7. Th day of th audition, Madlin took lots of dp braths and pa ntly waitd hr turn. 8. Whn sh had finishd singing, sh trid to rad th fa al xprssions of th admissions panl. 9. Thy gra ously thankd hr and told hr that thy appr atd hr nrgy and nthusiasm. 10. Two wks latr, whn Madlin was starting to hav a strong suspi on that sh hadn t bn accptd, sh rcivd hr offi al lttr. 11. Aftr all that spcula on and worrying about rjc on, it s nic to finally hav an answr, Madlin admittd to Ms. Moony. 12. Hr tachr laughd. This calls for a clbra on! sh xclaimd. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 6 Phonics 21

23 Rviw Digraphs, Silnt Consonants, ti and ci On th lin, writ th lttr of th word that has th sam sound as th digraph of th word in bold. 1. chocolat a. Chryl b. chmistry c. sandwich 2. othrwis a. gathr b. ruthlss c. tollbooth 3. whittl a. whlchair b. whomvr c. wholly REVIEW: CHAPTER 1 LESSONS physician a. prsum b. forground c. path 5. chromosom a. parchmnt b. mushroom c. kimono 6. dwlling a. dwarf b. anguish c. hallway Fill in th blank in ach sntnc blow with a word from th box. Undrlin th silnt lttr or lttrs in th word. lambs wrinkld budg dsignd knw hatchd nighd 1. Th shp and th spring trottd across th pastur as th Bordr colli hrdd thm toward th barn. 2. It was tim to milk th goats, but a stubborn fmal namd Christabl rfusd to for Eli. 3. Whn thy hard th clanging of th slop buckts, th pigs immdiatly it was tim for brakfast. 4. As h walkd across th barnyard, Eli his nos and stoppd to s if h had stppd in som cow manur. 5. Thr chicks had arly that morning, and th mothr hn cluckd proudly as sh fussd ovr hr nw brood. 6. Th horss and whinnid in thir stalls, anxious for thir morning fd and a bit of attntion. 7. Eli chckd th vgtabl gardn and was satisfid to s that th fnc h had and built with his fathr was succssful at kping th animals away. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Rviw: Lssons 3 6 Phonics 22

24 Rviw Digraphs, Silnt Consonants, ti and ci Rad th paragraphs blow and complt th itms that follow. Chopsticks ar ating utnsils usd in China, Japan, Kora, and Vitnam. Thy ar thought to hav bn invntd in China btwn thr and fiv thousand yars ago and ar usd as tongs or pincrs. Thy may b mad of wood, bamboo, mtal, bon, ivory, or vn plastic. In Japan, th word otmoto, Japans for chopstick, is oftn writtn on th wrappr in Japans charactrs. Th propr way to hold chopsticks is btwn th thumb and fingrs. Th bottom stick stays stationary, whil th top stick movs up and down to grasp th food. If th chf has cut th food into small pics and th ric is sticky nough, ating with chopsticks is simpl. 1. On th lins, writ two words that contain th /th/ sound and two that contain th /th/ sound. REVIEW: CHAPTER 1 LESSONS On th lins, list thr words in which /ch/ maks diffrnt sounds. 3. Undrlin th four words in th paragraphs that contain silnt consonant pairs. 4. Circl all th digraphs in th first paragraph. Undrlin th pair of lttrs that corrctly complts ach bold word blow. 1. Visit Cut n Curl Salon in Lindn Shopping Cntr our profssionally traind bauti ans (ti, ci) will hlp you look your bst! 2. Attn on (ti, ci) pt ownrs! For on wknd only, bring your dog or cat to Ptshop Plus and rciv a goodi bag FREE with any purchas. 3. Mn on (ti, ci) this ad, and you ll rciv $2.00 off th pric of admission whn you visit th San Francisco Musum of History s Egyp an (ti, ci) xhibit. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Rviw: Lssons 3 6 Phonics 23

25 Lsson 1.7 Vowl Sounds (ai, ay, i, y) Th vowl pairs ai, ay, i, and y can mak th long a sound, as in rmain, hooray, rign, and pry. Rad th paragraphs blow. Undrlin th word from th pair in parnthss that has th sam long a sound as th bold word. If you lik stamps, a collction is fairly asy to stablish. Although snail-mail (wigh, forhad) isn t as popular as it onc was, collcting stamps rmains (habitat, halfway) on of th most popular hobbis today (cloak, convy). Buying nw stamps and obtaining (unlatchd, vryday) stamps from othr collctors is probably th bst way to start. Th first thing to do is dcid what focus your collction will hav. Will you collct stamps only from faraway (vil, transplant) placs? Do you hav any othr intrsts, lik trains (mishap, wkday), cats, art, soccr, or railroad (disoby, sawd) souvnirs? Your intrsts can b a good starting point whn choosing a thm for your collction. Som popl collct first-day (maintain, caravan) covrs, which ar nvlops that hav stamps attachd to thm that wr cancld on th first day th stamp was issud. Souvnir shts ar also popular. Thy (rstraind, halthy) ar shts that hav a pictur, such as a jungl or an undrwatr scn, printd on thm. It may (upbat, mrmaid) b difficult for a bginnr to know how much a stamp is worth. Th Intrnt can b a good sourc of information. Plnty of sits xplain (unlatch, swaying) th charactristics that mak stamps valuabl. If you r afraid (rindr, instad) that you v ovrpaid (approach, hy) for a stamp, it could still b worth rsarching. Som countrfit stamps ar actually rarr, and so mor valuabl, than th ral stamp thy wr mant to imitat! Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 7 Phonics 24

26 Lsson 1.7 Vowl Sounds (ai, ay, i, y) Rad th -mail blow. Circl th 16 words that contain th long a sound splld ai, ay, i, and y. You do not nd to mark th sam word twic. From: avmarquz@worldqust.com Dat: May 23, 2008 To: allrildup@tchstram.com Subjct: What s up? Dar Rily, Ar you fling any bttr today? It s probably a good thing that you stayd hom. Eight othr popl wr absnt with th sam cold, and Mr. Tanaka mad th rst of th class promis w d do our bst to rmain halthy. Ms. Capshaw handd back our ssays ystrday. Sh said I managd to convy th important points of th argumnt and convinc my audinc of my prspctiv. Hooray! It s nic to gt such prais for a papr that I put so much tim and ffort into. Did I tll you that I vn intrviwd my nighbor about his xprincs during World War II? I think h ll b quit plasd to s that th dtails h contributd hlpd m obtain th rsults I d hopd for. Lt m know if you think you ll hav rcovrd nough to mt m at th subway station in th A.M. Talk to you latr! Alvaro p.s. Did you fill out th PTA s survy yt? If thy rciv ninty prcnt of th survys by Friday aftrnoon, thy ll pay for a pizza party aftr th Spring Danc! Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 7 Phonics 25

27 Lsson 1.8 Vowl Sounds (, a, i, y) Th lttrs, a, i, and y can mak th long sound you har in thirtn, wrath, rlif, and chimny. Rad ach clu. Fill in th lttrs to complt th word that matchs th clu. 1. to promis or mak crtain guarant 2. blow undrn th 3. on part at a tim p cmal 4. a mixtur or assortmnt mdl 5. a typ of alga found in th sa s w d 6. to rad somthing and mark rrors proofr d 7. a prson who maks a living swing s mstrss Rad th sntncs blow. Undrlin th words that contain th long sound splld, a, i, and y. You do not nd to mark th sam word twic. 1. Chimpanzs and othr monkys ar frquntly th stars of slapstick comdis. 2. Fild of Drams, starring Kvin Costnr, is a popular movi with basball fans of all ags. 3. Th Ransom of Rd Chif stars Acadmy Award nomin Haly Jol Osmnt. 4. Eddi Murphy providd th voic of th donky in th animatd movi Shrk. 5. Th canin lad in Bcaus of Winn-Dixi is namd for th suprmarkt whr h was found. 6. Chapr by th Dozn tlls th hilarious story of Mr. and Mrs. Bakr raising thir normous brood whil trying to fulfill thir own drams, too. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 8 Phonics 26

28 Lsson 1.8 Vowl Sounds (, a, i, y) Rad ach sntnc and th st of words blow it. Undrlin th word that has th sam long sound as th bold word. 1. On a rainy aftrnoon, Audry and hr cousin, Kyl, dcidd to s if thy could find anything intrsting in thir grandparnts attic. lying ordal halthful 2. Kyl shook out an old blankt that covrd a trunk and snzd as a cloud of fin dust surroundd him. widsprad implmnt attorny 3. Aftr a fw minuts, h succdd in opning th rusty latch on th trunk. hartbat suspnd big 4. Undrnath a pil of yllowd, brittl napkins, Audry found som photos. supprss dradful antifrz 5. In th first on, a dappr gntlman waring a stripd cap and old-fashiond cloths stood with on hand on a trolly. gymnastics bittrswt stowaway 6. Audry laughd in disblif. I had no ida Gramps drov a trolly car! Tnnss nonsns thir 7. Look at this antiqu timpic, said Kyl, pulling a pockt watch from a clothlind box. rprsnt kidny fright 8. It s th sam on Gramps is waring in th photo, Audry said, raching for th pictur. drdg stalth parsly 9. I bt thr ar storis for vry photo in that bundl, said Kyl. clav inpt forhad Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 8 Phonics 27

29 Lsson 1.9 Vowl Sounds (ind, ild, igh) Th vowl i can mak a long sound whn followd by nd, ld, or gh, as in bhind, mild, and daylight. Rad th clus blow. Choos th word from th box that matchs ach clu, and writ it in th numbrd spac in th crossword puzzl. rind mild mastrmind hindsight copyright wild slight colorblind frightnd Across 1. lgal protction for a crativ work, lik a book or play 3. small in siz or amount 4. modrat; not xtrm 6. an antonym for tam 7. scard; having far 8. a prson who dircts a projct Down 1. unabl to s crtain colors 2. a clar viw or undrstanding of a situation aftr it has occurrd 5. th tough outr covring of a fruit Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 9 Phonics 28

30 Lsson 1.9 Vowl Sounds (ind, ild, igh) Rad th words blow. Circl th lttr of th word or words in ach st that hav a long i sound. 1. a. transmit b. blight c. yild d. mildst 2. a. childish b. birthright c. humankind d. handkrchif 3. a. bhind b. hardship c. obtain d. ovrnight 4. a. collis b. bullfight c. imprint d. flinching 5. a. childhood b. squid c. outright d. battlship Writ th words that contain th long i sound splld igh, ind, and ild bsid th corrct hadings. You do not nd to list th sam word mor than onc. A mural is a painting don on a wall or a ciling. Murals can hav many purposs. In a hom, a mural may b purly dcorativ. For xampl, on th wall of a child s room an artist might crat a nighttim scn, complt with nocturnal craturs, constllations, and silvry moonlight. Murals in public placs oftn carry mssags. Thy may srv as rmindrs of important issus, lik th plight of th poor or racial inquality. Sinc th 1970s, mor than 2,000 murals hav bn mad in th public spacs of Northrn Irland. Most giv insight into th political blifs of th rsidnts. Murals frquntly dcorat walls or th sids of buildings in urban aras. Somtims thy ar cratd by a group of studnts with th hlp of a local artist. Th colors ar wild, and th paintings giv lif and nrgy to th city. It s a dlightful surpris, whn pausing at a strt cornr or a stoplight, to find a story unfolding across th sid of a nighborhood school or bookstor. igh: ind: ild: Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 9 Phonics 29

31 Lsson 1.10 Vowl Sounds (oa, ow, old, oll, ost) Th lttrs oa and ow can mak th long o sound as in toad and known. Th vowl o can mak a long sound whn followd by ld, ll, and st, as in fold, rolling, and most. Rad ach clu blow. Th word that matchs th clu is writtn in bold bsid it, but th lttrs ar scrambld. Unscrambl th lttrs and writ th word on th lin. Each word will contain a long vowl combination from abov. 1. a fungus that forms on rottn food odml 2. to bcom too big for somthing, lik cloths oouwgrt 3. a f chargd for using a road or bridg ltol 4. an antonym for last omts 5. black briqutts usd to start a fir in a grill arcchola 6. matrial usd to covr a prson s ys and prvnt him or hr from sing inbllddfo 7. a figur intndd to frightn birds away from a farmr s crops crsarcow 8. to criticiz or spak angrily to solcd 9. a prson who rcivs gusts thso 10. to talk about onslf with a lot of prid bosta 11. to mov up and down a computr scrn roscll 12. a bright warm light without a flam wgol 13. a plac whr two roads intrsct oscrsrdsoa 14. to tak a lisurly walk rolstl 15. anothr word for wallt llfobild 16. th sound a frog maks ackro 17. a synonym for narly osaltm Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 10 Phonics 30

32 Lsson 1.10 Vowl Sounds (oa, ow, old, oll, ost) Rad th paragraphs blow. Complt ach word with th corrct lttr combination (oa, ow, oll, old, or ost). My trip bgan whn I was orphand at th ag of 12. It quickly bcam clar that I would hav to mak my n way in th world. Thr was work to b had at th docks, and for svral days I toild, unl ding goods from cargo ships that arrivd from xotic ports around th world. On my third day at th docks, I was appr chd by an imposing man waring a charcoal-gray cl k and a fin silkn scarf wrappd around his thr t. If only I had kn n what tragdis I would bh in my travls with Captain Cobb. My first fw days wr unvntful. Thn, things suddnly changd. Th wathr turnd c, and I wrappd my thin c t mor tightly around my body. As I str d toward th warm, gl ing mbrs in th wood stov, I hard th sounds of arguing drifting up from bl dck. I trid to h my brath as I crpt closr to th voics. Parts of th convrsation disappard in th bl ing winds, but I clarly hard words lik trasur, gold, blindf, takovr, and prisonr. It was obvious to m now that I had unkn ingly cast my lot with a band of pirats. Thn and thr, I b ly dcidd to plan my scap. I took not of whr th r boat was stord and carfully bgan st ing away food from vry mal. Th day of my scap dawnd gray and stormy. I sl ly and quitly l rd my rickty boat. As it touchd th watr, I hard a sinistr chuckl and knw I would not b laving that day. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 10 Phonics 31

33 Rviw Vowl Sounds Rad th rcip blow. Undrlin th lttr combination from th pair in parnthss to corrctly complt ach bold word. Southwstrn Salad 1 ach, sw t (a, ) rd pppr and gr n (, i) pppr 2 tomatos REVIEW: CHAPTER 1 LESSONS ounc can ach black b ns (a, ) and corn 1 pound ground turk (y, ay) 4 ouncs l t (igh, ild) sour cram 1 packag taco s soning (i, a), spicy or m (ild, ind) 3 tablspoons of choppd parsl (ai, y) 2 cups cookd pasta, such as macaroni or farfall 1 cup l -fat (ow, oa) shrddd chddar ch s (, a) With th hlp of an adult, cook th ground turky in a saucpan c td (ow, oa) with cooking spr (ay, y). Whil you ar waiting for th m t (, a) to cook, dic th ppprs and tomatos, and plac thm in a larg mixing b l (ow, oa). Rins and dr n (ay, ai) th bans and corn, and add thm to th bowl. Whn th turky is don, rmov it from th h t (a, ). M nwhil (i, a), add th taco sasoning, and parsly to th sour cr m (i, a) and stir thoroughly. Add th sour cram mixtur, turky, and pasta to th bowl with th vgtabls. Stir until blndd. Chill th salad in th rfrigrator until it is c (old, ost). L d (oa, ow) ch (, a) srving with two tablspoons of chs. Srv with dinnr r s (oll, oa), tortillas, or nacho chips. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Rviw: Lssons 7 10 Phonics 32

34 Rviw Vowl Sounds Rad th sts of words blow. Circl th two words in ach st that hav th sam long vowl sound. 1. sustain sunbam 4. ovrslp big afloat convy attorny lttrhad 2. uptight unwinding 5. progrss nrolld slingshot swimming suspns sugarcoat 3. roaming couch 6. bradd dcay withhold trough rins gazll Rad ach sntnc blow. On th lin, writ th long vowl sound you har in ach bold word. If a word contains mor than on long vowl sound, sparat th two sounds with a slash. (Ex.: long i/long a) 1. Although th rd-bllid woodpckr has a small patch of color on its blly, th bird s bright rd had is much hardr to miss. 2. Th snow goos is mostly whit, but a REVIEW: CHAPTER 1 LESSONS 7 10 lss common grayish- blu varity also xists. 3. Unlik othr hrons, th grn hron has a vry short, stocky nck. 4. Th common yllowthroat, which livs in filds and marshs, has a vry distinctiv song: witchity-witchitywitchity-witchity. 5. Th brown-hadd cowbird is a parasitic bird, which mans that it lays its ggs in a host bird s nst and lavs th babis for th othr bird to rais. 6. Th chimny swift, on of th fastst flying birds, spnds almost all its tim in th air and is rarly sn prching or on th ground. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Rviw: Lssons 7 10 Phonics 33

35 Lsson 1.11 Vowl Sounds (oo, w, ou, ui, u) Th lttrs oo, w, ou, ui, and u can mak th /ü/ sound, as in uproot, withdrw, rgroup, cruis, and tru. Th lttrs oo can also mak th /u / sound you har in shook. Rad th dfinitions blow. For ach word in column 2, undrlin th lttrs that mak th /ü/ sound and circl th lttrs that mak th /u / sound. On th lin, writ th lttr of th word that matchs ach dfinition. 1. th act of chasing somthing in ordr to catch it a. nuisanc 2. occurring latr than plannd or schduld b. pursuit 3. not waring shos c. livlihood 4. an annoyanc d. nook 5. th mans by which a prson arns a living. ovrdu 6. a small, cozy, or hiddn ara f. barfoot Rad ach sntnc blow. Undrlin th word from th pair in parnthss that has th sam /ü/ or / u/ vowl sound as th word in bold. 1. On Saturday night, a larg group (sour, papoos) of frinds and rlativs will mt at Clausn Bach for thir annual clambak. 2. Mr. Krauss rcruits (booth, chckbook) as many popl as h can to hlp shuck th corn and rins th clams in saltwatr. 3. Th youngst kids agrly scour th bach for pics of driftwood (platoon, could) that ar suitabl (handbook, curlicu) for th bonfir. 4. As th sun disappars blow th horizon, th moonlight (fathrhood, rvnu) fills th bach with a silvry glow. 5. Although vryon is a bit mor subdud (cruising, cluckd) than whn th vning bgan, th mntion of dssrt infuss th group with nrgy. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 11 Phonics 34

36 Lsson 1.11 Vowl Sounds (oo, w, ou, ui, u) Rad th rviw blow. Complt ach word with th corrct lttr combination (oo, w, ou, ui, or u). B k Rviw of By th Light of th M n by Camron Rickman Aftr rading Camron Rickman s 2006 novl, By th Light of th Moon, thr is no doubt in my mind why it was on of th nomins for th N bry Award. Having rad two of Rickman s othr books for youth, I kn that this book was likly to hav strong charactrs and an unusual, intrsting plot. I was not disappointd. Th story opns in an airport on a gl my aftrn n in May. Th radr quickly larns that Anna, th protagonist, was adoptd in arly childh d. Th author dos an xcllnt job of crating suspns at th bginning of th novl. A mystry surrounds Anna s past, so sh dcids to purs th tr story of hr biological family. Anna and hr adoptiv fathr ar n r t to Thailand, whr Anna was born. But why is Mr. Haviland so strongly against Anna s purs t of hr past? As thy sit in th airport surroundd by s tcass, th air btwn thm is filld with tnsion. Rickman continus to build tnsion thr ghout th book. H drops cl s for th radr, but thy ar fw and far btwn. H rlis on th radr s intllignc and clos attntion to kp up with th advnturs. I bliv this book is s tabl for radrs ovr tn yars old. It dals with som difficult issus, lik parnth d, adoption, truth, and trust. Th charactrs hav many layrs, just lik ral popl do. I would giv this book four stars my highst rating. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 11 Phonics 35

37 Lsson 1.12 Vowl Sounds (au, aw, al, alk, all) Th vowl pairs au and aw can mak th sam sound, as in taught and ssaw. Whn th vowl a is followd by l, lk, or ll, as in malt, stalk, or install, it maks th sam sound as au and aw do. Rad th sntncs blow. Circl th 14 words that contain th /ô/ sound splld au, aw, al, all, or alk. You do not nd to mark th sam word twic. 1. Although many popl think of fairy tals as rading matrial for childrn, thy wr first intndd for an audinc of all ags. 2. Som tals had a known author, lik th Brothrs Grimm, whil othr anonymous storis wr passd down gnration aftr gnration. 3. Fairy tals of long ago oftn had sad ndings in which awful things happnd to th charactrs. 4. This was bcaus som tals wr mant to caution popl against bhaviors that could b dangrous or unwis. 5. Modrn vrsions of fairy tals ar drawn with mor chrful picturs and happir ndings. 6. Cindrlla, Hansl and Grtl, Slping Bauty, Littl Rd Riding Hood, and Jack and th Banstalk ar among th most wll-known fairy tals. 7. Thr ar fw popl who ar unfamiliar with th littl rd-hoodd granddaughtr who travls through th woods to visit hr grandma and narrowly avoids bing caught by th wolf. 8. Part of th appal of fairy tals is that th smallr, wakr undrdog is oftn abl to outsmart somon oldr, wisr, or brawnir. 9. Throughout th cnturis, fairy tals hav taught countlss lssons and ntrtaind popl with thir timlss, imaginativ charactrs. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 12 Phonics 36

38 Lsson 1.12 Vowl Sounds (au, aw, al, alk, all) Rad th following sntncs. Th bold word in ach sntnc is scrambld. Rarrang th lttrs to form a word that contains au, aw, al, alk, or all, and writ it on th lin. 1. Six months ago, Mr. Trasco stood at th bradlackoh writing down our idas. 2. If w don t rais som xtra mony, programs lik labbastlk and choir will hav to b cancld, h announcd. 3. At th nd of class, w votd on th bst ida among th ons drawscl across th board. 4. Th day of th carnival finally arrivd, and booths filld with diffrnt activitis lind th dgs of th school s shaltap parking lot. 5. Th crowds wr so hug that polic officrs wr hird to stop traffic whnvr popl ndd to us th scrowskal in front of th school. 6. A dunking booth was dtinsall nar th ntranc, and our principal, Mrs. Young, voluntrd to b th first victim. Rad ach clu. Fill in th lttrs to complt th word that matchs th clu. 1. imprfct fl d 2. captivatd; unabl to look away nthr d 3. xtrmly upst distr ght 4. a stm of a plant st 5. a short, plasurabl trip j nt 6. sprading out in a disordrly way spr ling Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 12 Phonics 37

39 Lsson 1.13 Vowl Diphthongs NAME Whn two vowl sounds com togthr and crat a nw sound, th combination thy form is calld a diphthong (dip thông). Th diphthongs oi, as in moist, and oy, as in oystr, mak th sam sound. Rad ach dscription blow. Choos th word from th box that matchs th clu. Writ it on th lin, and circl th diphthong. joyfulnss mployr annoy viwpoint loyalty Ds Moins hoist 1. I am a company or prson for whom othrs work. Som might call m th boss. 2. I am a vrb that mans to lift or pull up. You could us m in this sntnc: Th girls hlpd thir dad th sails. 3. Th word faithfulnss is a synonym for m. I dscrib a quality that good frinds or family mmbrs show for on anothr. 4. Foundd in 1843, I am Iowa s capital city. 5. I am a fling of grat happinss or plasur. 6. I am anothr word for bothr or irritat. 7. I am a prson s prspctiv or th way h or sh ss things. Rad th hadlins blow. Undrlin th word from th pair in parnthss that has th sam vowl sound as th bold word or words. 1. Advnturr Bgins Voyag Around th World by Balloon! (Moscow, toil) 2. Fans Disappointd Whn Singr Jtt Mullin Cancls World Tour (rbound, convoy) 3. Hurrican Chlo Dstroys 42 Homs Along Florida Coast (prowl, moistur) 4. Britain s Royal Family to Visit th Stats and Mt with Prsidnt (spoild, moan) Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 13 Phonics 38

40 Lsson 1.13 Vowl Diphthongs NAME Th diphthongs ou, as in tryout, and ow, as in town, mak th sam sound. Rad th paragraphs blow. Undrlin th ight words that contain th /ou/ sound splld ou. Circl th svn words that contain th /ou/ sound splld ow. You do not nd to mark th sam word mor than onc. What kinds of things do you rad on th computr? Hav you vr trid rading an -book, or lctronic book? What about a nwspapr articl or your favorit magazin? For many popl, it s difficult to spnd long amounts of tim in front of a computr scrn. Thy would rathr find a mor comfortabl plac in th hous to rad, lik a cozy chair or th couch. A laptop computr is portabl, but it is still bulkir than a magazin or small book. It s also hard for somon rading in a car or outdoors to s th scrn in bright light. Svral rnownd companis on th cutting dg of tchnology ar now working on som idas that would forvr chang th way popl rad. How dos th ida of lctronic papr sound to you? It s difficult to xplain xactly how this concpt works. Th basic ida, though, is that th battry-powrd papr is filld with tiny capsuls. Each capsul contains black and whit particls that carry an lctric charg. Using th lctricity in ach capsul, a computr program dtrmins whthr th black or whit particls ar allowd to com to th surfac of th papr. Th black particls form pattrns that crat lttrs, symbols, and words. Whn you turn th pag, diffrnt particls ris to th surfac and form th words and picturs on th nxt pag of th book or magazin. Although it sms lik somthing that might b found in a scinc fiction novl, it s possibl that in th futur a singl pic of lctronic papr could somhow hold th contnts of an ntir book. Th countdown to th books of th futur has bgun. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Chaptr 1 Lsson 13 Phonics 39

41 Rviw Vowl Sounds and Diphthongs Rad th clus blow. On th lin, writ th word from th box that matchs th clu and has th sound listd in parnthss. Thn, find ach word in th word sarch puzzl. Words may b writtn forward, backward, or diagonally. squall oystr compound tru scowl shook awkward whirlpool suitabl rjoic 1. a word that is mad of two shortr words (/ou/) REVIEW: CHAPTER 1 LESSONS to clbrat with grat happinss (/oi/) 3. a currnt of watr that rotats vry quickly (/ü/) 4. appropriat (/ü/) 5. clumsy; not gracful (/ô/) 6. th past tns of th vrb shak (/u /) 7. to glar or frown (/ou/) 8. a short, violnt storm with wind and rain or snow (/ô/) 9. an dibl shllfish that somtims contains parls (/oi/) 10. not fals (/ü/) f a h m s d g i o b c a a j w j r t q l l a u q s b n w k h v c r w u l l v u f r n w x i c o t y h s i s u r a b d r h c a i m k t f z r k r q l s o o v d a h r j d h j b s p i k c z b p o m m r w h n o g i l l d t i d n u o p m o c f n s c h j m a o c t u l s w b y n m p l k r t r u q o Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Rviw: Lssons Phonics 40

42 Rviw Vowl Sounds and Diphthongs Rad th paragraphs blow. Undrlin th lttr combination in parnthss that shars a vowl sound found in th bold word. Whn popl think of basball (au, oa), th lgndary hittr Bab Ruth is oftn th first playr to com to mind. By most accounts (oi, ow), h is th gratst athlt in th history of th gam. Ruth was on of th first fiv playrs lctd to th Basball Hall (aw, ou) of Fam. Today, his autograph (all, ou) can b worth thousands (ow, ui) of dollars. His fam hlpd basball zoom (u, oy) to nw (ow, oo) hights of popularity during th 1920s and 30s. Th fans that turnd out (ow, au) to watch th Bambino play wr rarly disappointd (ou, oy) by th prformanc thy saw (au, ou). Bab Ruth, born Gorg Hrman Ruth in 1895, was known for bing mischivous as a boy (w, oi). Bcaus his parnts wr concrnd about (ow, oo) his bhavior, thy snt him to a strict school (aw, u). It was thr that young Gorg was taught (all, ou) th ins and outs of basball and dvlopd a grat njoymnt (oi, ow) for playing th gam. REVIEW: CHAPTER 1 LESSONS In 1914, Ruth was rcruitd (w, oi) to join (ou, oy) th minor lagu Baltimor Oriols. During th nxt fw yars, h playd for th Boston Rd Sox whr h xclld as a pitchr. By 1917, h bgan pitching lss and spnding mor tim in th outfild (ow, ui). H soon (oy, w) surprisd many popl whn h provd h was also (all, ou) talntd as a hittr and outfildr. Aftr svral yars, Ruth was tradd to th Nw York Yanks. During his first yar in Nw York, Ruth hit 54 hom runs, braking his rcord of 29 hom runs in a sason. Throughout his carr with th Yanks, Ruth continud to st rcords and astound (ow, aw) popl with his talnt. Popl around (u, ow) th world mournd Ruth s loss whn h did in 1948, but thy wr gratful for all (au, ou) that h had givn to Amrica s favorit sport. Spctrum Word Study and Phonics Rviw: Lssons Phonics 41