Oil Spill! Lesson Objectives Connecting to the Standards

Transcription

1 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Oi Spi! Description Learners expore the effects of oi spis on pants, animas, and the environment and investigate ceanup methods through a simuated oi spi. Learners aso use creative writing and etter writing to demonstrate their understandings about the effects of oi spis. Suggested Grade Leves: 3 6 Lesson Objectives Connecting to the Standards Content Standard A: Scientific Inquiry K 4: Pan and conduct a simpe investigation. 5 8: Design and conduct a scientific investigation. Content Standard F: Science in Persona and Socia Perspectives K 4: Understand that poution is a change in the environment that can infuence the heath, surviva, or activities of organisms, incuding humans. 5 8: Understand the risks associated with chemica hazards such as poutants in water. Featured Picture Books Tite Prince Wiiam Author Goria Rand Iustrator Ted Rand Pubisher Henry Hot & Company Year 1994 Genre Story Summary On Prince Wiiam Sound in Aaska, Denny rescues a baby sea hurt by an oi spi and watches it recover in a nearby hospita. Tite Oi Spi! Author Mevin Berger Iustrator Pau Mirocha Pubisher HarperCoins Year 1994 Genre Narrative Information Summary Expains why oi spis occur and how they are ceaned up and suggests strategies for preventing oi spis in the future PICTURE-PERFECT SCIENCE LESSONS 169

2 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Time Needed This esson wi take severa cass periods. Suggested scheduing is as foows: Day 1: Engage with read aoud of Prince Wiiam Day 2: Expore and Expain with read aoud of Oi Spi! and Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab Day 3: Eaborate with Anima Rescue Day 4: Evauate with Thank a Rescuer Materias For Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab In advance, make back oi by adding 8 teaspoons of powdered back tempera paint to a gaon jug haf fu of vegetabe oi. With the id tighty in pace, shake the jug to mix the powder with the vegetabe oi. This wi make enough oi for 8 teams. Newspaper Disposabe auminum pie pans (3 per team) Rocks each no bigger than a deck of cards (3 per team) Leafy carrot or ceery tops or pastic aquarium pants (3 per team) Pipe ceaners Water 3 cups for coecting removed oi for measuring Metric measuring cups Red cup and green cup with the openings taped together (1 per team) Zipper baggies fied with these suppies (1 per team): F Spoon F Fork F Yarn (about 50 cm) F 10 cm strip of nyon stocking F Cotton ba F Disposabe pipettes F Coffee fiter F 5-cm-wide strip of paper towe Student Pages Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab Anima Rescue Thank a Rescuer 170 NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION

3 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to engage Read Aoud Inferring Show students the cover of the book Prince Wiiam. Then ask? What do you think this book might be about?? Who do you think Prince Wiiam is? Questioning Say, As I m reading, I m going to be teing you what I m wondering because good readers ask questions as they read. Begin reading to the cass. Stop periodicay to mode some questions that come to your mind as you read. For exampe:? What woud an oi-covered beach ook and sme ike?? Why does Denny hear a baby crying on the beach?? What woud it be ike to pick up a sippery baby sea?? Wi Prince Wiiam survive? Be sure to read the author s note at the end of the book, which expains that Prince Wiiam is based on true events and that schoochidren reay did hep with the sea recovery efforts. minute to think about it, and then share their experiences with a partner. expore & expain Read Aoud and Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab Determining Importance Introduce the author and iustrator of Oi Spi! Have students jot down the methods and materias used by oi spi ceanup crews as you read Oi Spi! to the cass.? What methods and materias were described in the book? (using booms, skimmers, and pads; setting the oi on fire; spreading chemicas; spraying the shore; adding bacteria; or taking no action)? Which method do you think works the best? Why? (answers wi vary)? Are there any disadvantages to any of these methods? (Pads are difficut to dispose of; fire sends smoke and gas into the air and eaves ash in the water; chemicas add poison to the water; hot spray pushes water far- Text-to-Sef: Think-Pair-Share After reading the story, mode some text-to-sef connections. For exampe, te what you remember about the Exxon Vadez oi spi or te about a time you heped an injured anima. Ask students if they have ever heped an anima ike Denny heped Prince Wiiam. Give them a CLEANING UP A SIMULATED OIL SPILL PICTURE-PERFECT SCIENCE LESSONS 171

4 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to ther into the rocks and sand; and using bacteria requires huge amounts of it.) After discussing Oi Spi!, te students they are going to be members of an oi spi response team. An oi spi has just occurred in their region, and they must spring into action to find out which methods wi work best to cean up the oi. In advance, prepare the materias for the Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab. See Teaching Science Through Inquiry, Chapter 3, for a ist of tips for managing a checkpoint ab. Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab Divide students into four-person teams. Give each member of the team a copy of the Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab. Expain that they wi be foowing the directions on the student page. As they are working, they shoud keep their cups green side on top. If they need hep or if they are at a checkpoint, they shoud put their cups red side on top. Each member of the group is responsibe for recording data and writing responses. Before you give a team a check mark or stamp so that they can move ahead in the ab, informay evauate the students by asking probing questions to different members of the team. Redirect their investigations when necessary. When a groups are finished with the checkpoint ab, discuss the foowing questions:? What did you earn about designing an experiment?? Woud you make any changes in your experimenta design?? Can you propose any new methods for ceaning up oi spis?? What do you think it woud be ike to cean up a rea oi spi ike the Exxon Vadez spi we have been reading about? eaborate Anima Rescue Rereading Reread pages 10 through of Oi Spi! Then ask? What types of animas were harmed by the oi spi in the book? (seabirds such as ducks and geese, fish, shrimp, crabs, sea otters, sea ions, harbor seas, and kier whaes)? How do oi spis harm birds? (The oi sticks to their feathers so they can t swim or fy.)? How do oi spis harm fish, shrimp, and crabs? (Oi gets into their bodies and poisons them.)? How do oi spis harm sea mammas? (They swaow oi and breathe poisonous fumes. The oi aso coats their bodies.) Reread the foowing pages in Prince Wiiam: pages 10 (about the doctor and vounteer), 19 (about the other animas being washed), and 20 (about Denny finding the empty incubator). Then ask? Imagine that you are ceaning a rea, ive anima that has been oied. What things woud you need to consider to keep you and the anima safe?? What woud your day be ike if you were an anima rescuer?? What woud you enjoy about being a rescuer?? What parts of the job woud be difficut? Pass out the Anima Rescue student page. Te students to imagine they are anima rescuers. Have them write a short story describing their rescue experiences. They shoud draw a picture to iustrate their story and write a caption for the drawing. 172 NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION

5 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to evauate Thank a Rescuer Pass out the Thank a Rescuer student page. Students wi write etters to oi spi anima rescue organizations thanking the oi response team empoyees and vounteers. Use the rubric beow to evauate the etters. Scoring Rubric for Letter 4 Point Response The student s etter incudes a statement thanking the rescuer, ceary demonstrates understanding of the oi spi activity, ists two ways oi spis can affect the heath and surviva of organisms, effectivey communicates his or her concern about oi spis, and requests information about how kids can support ceanup efforts or prevent oi spis. 3 Point Response The student s etter demonstrates a faw in the understanding of the concepts OR is missing one or two eements. 2 Point Response The student s etter demonstrates a faw in the understanding of the concepts and is missing one or two eements OR is missing three or four eements. 1 Point Response The student s etter demonstrates a faw in the understanding of the concepts and is missing three or four eements OR is missing five eements. 0 Point Response The student shows no understanding of the concepts OR does not write a etter. Inquiry Pace Have students brainstorm investigatabe questions such as:? Which brand of detergent is best for ceaning oied materia?? Which is best for insuating a marine anima: fur, feathers, or bubber?? Do a types of oi foat on water? Of the foowing types of oi, oive oi, corn oi, and baby oi, which is the most dense? the east dense? Students can seect a question to investigate as a cass, or have groups of students vote on the question they want to investigate as teams. After they make their predictions, students can design an experiment to test their predictions. Students can present their findings at a poster session. PICTURE-PERFECT SCIENCE LESSONS 173

6 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Web Sites Photos from the Exxon Vadez oi spi Map of the Exxon Vadez Oi Spi Area exxonspi.htm How Oi Affects Birds Cean the Oied Sea Otter Activity education/teacherresources/ceanseaotter.asp Effects of Oi on Widife More Books to Read D Lacey, C A break in the chain. New York, NY: Crabtree Pubishing Company. Summary: This iustrated chapter book reveas how a terribe oi spi in the Arctic, a esson about food chains, and a computer game featuring a poar bear turn into a magica adventure for Biy, whose cass uses e-mai and a fundraiser to hep rescue the Arctic animas. A compeing story about environmenta protection and how chidren can make their voices heard. Hodgkins, F The orphan sea. Camden, ME: Down East Books. Summary: This beautifuy iustrated picture book tes the true story of Hower, an abandoned harbor sea pup who was separated from his mother in a storm. Hower is rescued and rehabiitated by the New Engand Aquarium and eventuay reeased back into the wid. Meeker, CH Lootas: Litte wave eater. Seatte, WA: Sasquatch Books. Summary: This fascinating photo essay describes how a young sea otter pup is rescued after its mother is accidentay kied by a motorboat. The pup, Lootas, is taken to a U.S. Fish and Widife Service office after her rescue and eventuay finds a home in the Seatte Aquarium. Incudes insets with facts about sea otters. Smith, R Sea otter rescue: The aftermath of an oi spi. New York, NY: Puffin. Summary: When the Exxon Vadez struck the rocks in Prince Wiiam Sound, Aaska, neary 11 miion gaons of crude oi spied into the water. The resut was an oi sick that threatened a of the area widife, especiay the sea otters. This is the story of the anima rescue experts who went to Aaska to hep out. Iustrated with the author s own photographs, this book is a fascinating firsthand account of the heroic measures taken to save the ives of hundreds of sea otters. 174 NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION

7 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Name: Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab You are a member of an oi spi response team. An oi spi has just occurred in your region and you must spring into action to find out which methods wi work best to cean up the oi! If your team is working, put the green cup on top. If you have a question, put the red cup on top. If you are finished with a part and you are ready for a check from your teacher, put the red cup on top. Part A Setting Up an Oi Spi Simuation Check the boxes as your team competes each step. Cover your work area with newspaper. Get three auminum pie pans from your teacher. Pace one rock in each of the pans to represent the shore. Pace a pant in each to represent shoreine pants. Make three modes of animas out of pipe ceaners, and pace the pipe ceaner animas on the edge of the rocks. Fi the pan with 250 m of water. Get some simuated back oi from your teacher, and add 75 m of the back oi mixture to each pan. Have one person from your group genty bow across the top of the pan to simuate wind and waves. Note: The reason you are not using rea petroeum oi is that it is toxic and shoud never be handed by chidren. Describe what happens when someone bows across the water. Checkpoint A PICTURE-PERFECT SCIENCE LESSONS 175

8 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Name: Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab cont. Part B Design an Experiment to Test Ceanup Materias 1 Your job is to find out which materia wi remove the most oi from the pan. Choose three materias to test from the ist beow. Circe your choices: Spoon Fork Nyon stockings cut into strips Paper towes cut into strips Cotton bas Disposabe pipettes Coffee fiters Yarn 2 Make a prediction about which of the three materias wi remove the most oi from the pan. Expain why you chose that materia. 3 How wi you decide which materia removed the most oi? You can use the 3 pastic cups for measuring removed oi. 4 Write a step-by-step procedure for your experiment: Checkpoint B 176 NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION

9 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Name: Oi Spi Ceanup Checkpoint Lab cont. Part C Data and Concusions 1 You are now ready to test three ceanup materias. Coect your data and organize it in a tabe beow. 2 What effects did the oi spi have on the simuated environment? 3 Concusion: Which materia was best for ceaning up the oi spi? What is your evidence? 4 If you were going to repeat this experiment, what woud you do differenty? Why? Checkpoint C PICTURE-PERFECT SCIENCE LESSONS 177

10 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Author: Anima Rescue Imagine that you are an anima rescuer. Write a short story describing your rescue experiences. Draw a picture to iustrate your story, and write a caption for the picture. Caption 178 NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION

11 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Author: Anima Rescue cont. Story PICTURE-PERFECT SCIENCE LESSONS 179

12 Copyright 2005 NSTA. A rights reserved. For more information, go to Thank a Rescuer Write a etter thanking an oi spi anima rescue worker or vounteer invoved in one of the organizations isted beow. Incude the foowing in your etter: a statement thanking the oi spi rescue worker a description of the activity you did to cean up an oi spi and what you earned 2 ways oi spis affect the heath and surviva of organisms what concerns you most about oi spis a request for information on how kids can hep support ceanup efforts or prevent oi spis (Ask them to send the information to your teacher at your schoo address.) Oi Spi Anima Rescue Organizations Internationa Bird Rescue Research Center 4369 Cordeia Road Fairfied, CA Marine Mamma Center 1065 Fort Cronkhite Sausaito, CA Oied Widife Care Network Widife Heath Center University of Caifornia Davis, CA SeaWord & Busch Gardens Conservation Fund c/o Hubbs-SeaWord Research Institute 2595 Ingraham Street San Diego, CA Tri-State Bird Rescue & Research 110 Possum Hoow Road Newark, DE NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHERS ASSOCIATION