Aerosol Physics Laboratory: Research for Science and Industry

Transcription

1 Aerosol Physics Laboratory: Research for Science and Industry Jorma Keskinen, professor Aerosol Physics Laboratory Department of Physics Tampere University of Technology Air Quality Seminar Tampere

2 The Mission of the Laboratory 2 Conduct applied research in aerosol science and technology Support and initiate industrial activity Combine academic and industrial research to reach high scientific and societal impact

3 3 Aerosol Groups and People Instrumentation, emissions & atmospheric Instrument development Emission aerosols Air quality studies Atmospheric science Aerosol synthesis Aerosol generation Nanostructured materials Coating Prof. Jorma Keskinen Dr. Miikka Dal Maso (Assoc. Prof.) Dr. Topi Rönkkö Dr. Jaakko Yli-Ojanperä Subject of this presentation Some synthesis papers listed in the end Prof. Jyrki Mäkelä Personnel: 3 professors, 2 post docs, ~10 PhD students, 5 MSc students

4 4 Instrumentation: combination of methods Measurement principles: Aerodynamic, electrical, optical, LIF Instrument modeling, CFD Calibration: traceable number concentration standard, SCAR International comparison with AIST Hosted International comparison campaign in 2013: USA, Japan, UK, Germany e.g. Arffman et al., 2012 Yli-Ojanperä et al., AST 2012 TUT-developed instruments used in over 300 labs

5 Instrumentation: combination with partner know-how 5 Size distribution Emissions, Ambient Air Fast monitoring Emissions, Ambient Air Instruments with established characteristics for different applications Particle fluorescence Bioaerosols, Particle toxicity Particle charge Pharmaceutical, Bioaerosols

6 6 Emission studies Proventia Ltd Univ. Appl. Sci. Helsinki Helen Metropolia, Helsinki

7 Emissions: example of combination of partner know-how 7 TREAM (Trends in real-world particle emissions of diesel and gasoline vehicles) Laboratory vehicle chassis dyno Instruments modeling (Metropolia) Particle instruments, sampling tech., databases, coordination student exchange (TUT) Mass spectrometer (MPI, DLR) Engine laboratory (MAN) TREAM Engine dynamometers instruments (TUAS, Univ of Vaasa) After-treatment devices (Ecocat Oy) Lubricant oils, fuels (Neste Oil Oyj) (Nanol Technologies) Engine development (AGCO Power)

8 Result example: emission characteristics vs after-treatment techniques 8 Heavy duty diesel engine at full load Particles with non-volatile core Volatile particles Soot particles e.g. Rönkkö et al., 2007 Heikkilä et al. 2009

9 Nucleation mode particle number concentration Volatile particles: sulphur driven nucleation 9 Heavy duty diesel engine DPF High load Fuel sulphur content 7 ppm Gaseous sulphuric acid, undiluted exhaust Arnold et al. EST 2012

10 dn/dlogdp [cm -3 ] Volatile particles: effect of lubricant composition Lower lubricant sulfur 1,00E+09 content 1,00E+08 1,00E+07 1,00E ppm 1,00E+05 1,00E ppm B) Vaaraslahti et al., EST 2005 Dp [nm]

11 Non-volatile particles: control with partial filter Without POC-F, three driving conditions High efficiency for nanoparticles: GDI number emission limit reached with POC With POC-F, three driving conditions Karjalainen et al., ETH, Zurich, 2012

12 12 Further combination of resources: MMEA Competence Cluster for Energy and Environment, CLEEN Tuusula Research program MMEA: Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Efficiency Assessment Askisto Pitkajarvi Pakila Malmi traffic tunnel TUT: combination of instrumentation, emissions, and air quality research Traffic tunnel Herttoniemi

13 MMEA aerosol reseach environment 13 Measurement methods, instrument development Calibrations, field tests Stack emission studies Vehicle emissions: dynamometer, chase, PEMS Air quality studies

14 14 Current collaboration partners MAN Ecocat AGCO Power Pegasor Dekati Neste Oil Valtra Helsingin Energia Airmodus Aristotle Univ. VTT UEF FMI Queensland Univ. Tech AIST Metropolia Tsinghua University Metso Power Nanol Technologies Aalto Univ. CRAES Proventia Emission Control Wärtsilä BOSMAL University of Helsinki TUAS Univ. of Vaasa HSY DLR MPI-K

15 Summary 15 Aerosol science combined with industrial and societal relevance New instruments and sensors, new features into instruments, instrument calibration, comparisons, and field tests Emission studies: combustion technologies, fuels, lubricants, and after-treatment devices Co-operation of research institutes, companies, and authorities: effective research environment International co-operation

16 References and selected other publications 16 Arffman,A., Yli-Ojanperä, J. and Keskinen, J., The influence of nozzle throat length on the resolution of a low pressure impactor - an experimental and numerical study, J. of Aerosol Sci, 53, 76-84, 2012 Arnold, F., Pirjola, L., Rönkkö, T., Reichl, U., Schlager, H., Lähde, T., Heikkilä, J., Keskinen, J. First Online Measurements of Sulfuric Acid Gas in Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Exhaust: Implications for Nanoparticle Formation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46, , 2012 Karjalainen, P., Heikkilä, J., Rönkkö, T., Happonen, M., Saari, S.,Malinen, A., Lähde, T., Pirjola, L., Matilainen, P., Kinnunen, T., Keskinen, J. Particle Emission Reduction in a SI-DI Vehicle by an Open Channel Filter, 16th ETH-Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles, June, 2012, Zurich, Switzerland Yli-Ojanperä, J., Sakurai, H., Iida, K., Mäkelä, J.M., Ehara, K., and Keskinen, J., Comparison of Three Particle Number Concentration Calibration Standards Through Calibration of a Single CPC in a Wide Particle Size Range, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 46, , Heikkilä, J., Rönkkö, T. Lähde, T., Lemmetty, M., Arffman, A., Virtanen, A., Keskinen, J., Pirjola, L., Rothe, D Effect of Open Channel Filter on Particle Emissions of Modern Diesel Engine. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 59, Rönkkö, T., Virtanen, A., Kannosto, J., Keskinen, J., Lappi, M., Pirjola, L. (2007) Nucleation mode particles with non-volatile core in the exhaust of a heavy duty diesel vehicle. Environmental Science and Technology, 41, (18); Vaaraslahti, K., Keskinen, J., Giechaskiel, B., Solla, A., Murtonen, T. and Vesala, H. (2005) Effect of Lubricant on the Formation of Heavy Duty Diesel Exhaust Nanoparticles. Environmental Science and Technology 39, Happonen, M., Heikkilä, J., Aakko-Saksa, P., Murtonen, T., Lehto, K., Sarjovaara, T., Rostedt, A., Larmi, M., Keskinen, J., Virtanen, A., Diesel exhaust emissions and particle hygroscopicity with HVO fuel-oxygenate blend, Fuel 103, , 2013 Happonen, M., Lähde, T., Messing, M.E., Sarjovaara, T., Larmi, M., Wallenberg, L.R., Virtanen, A., Keskinen, J The comparison of particle oxidation and surface structure of diesel soot particles between fossil fuel and novel renewable diesel fuel. Fuel 89, Keskinen, J. and Rönkkö, T Can real-world diesel exhaust particle size distribution be reproduced in laboratory? A critical review. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 60, Kuuluvainen, H., Arffman, A., Saukko, E., Virtanen, A., Keskinen, J., A new method for characterizing the bounce and charge transfer properties of nanoparticles, J. Aerosol Sci. 55, , 2013 Lähde, T., Rönkkö, T., Happonen, M., Söderström, C., Virtanen A., Solla, A., Kytö, M., Rothe, D., Keskinen, Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure on a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Nonvolatile Particle Emission, J., Environmental Science & Technology, 45 (6), , 2011 Rostedt, A., Marjamäki, M., Keskinen, J. (2009) Modification of the ELPI to measure mean particle effective density in real-time, Journal of Aerosol Science 40,(9), Saari, S.E., Putkiranta, M.J., and Keskinen, J., Fluorescence spectroscopy of atmospherically relevant bacterial and fungal spores and potential interferences, Atmos. Environ. 71, , Yli-Ojanperä, J., Mäkelä, J.M., Marjamäki, M., Rostedt, A., Keskinen, J., Towards traceable particle number concentration standard: Single charged aerosol reference (SCAR). J. Aerosol Sci. 41, , 2010.

17 Contact: prof. Jyrki M. Mäkelä Aerosol synthesis at TUT: selected recent publications 17 Mäkelä J. M., Aromaa, M., Teisala, H., Tuominen, M., Stepien, M., Saarinen, J.J., Toivakka, M., and Kuusipalo, J. (2011) Nanoparticle Deposition from Liquid Flame Spray Onto Moving Roll-to-roll Paperboard Material, Aerosol Sci Technol. 45, 827. Stepien M.,, Saarinen, J.J., Teisala, H., Tuominen, M., Aromaa, M., Kuusipalo, J., Mäkelä, J.M., and Toivakka, M., Adjustable wettability of paperboard by liquid flame spray process, Applied Surface Science, 257 (2011) Teisala, H., Tuominen, M., Aromaa, M., Stepien, M., Mäkelä, J.M., Saarinen, J.J., Toivakka, M., Kuusipalo, J. (2012) Nanostructures Increase Water Droplet Adhesion on Hierarchically Rough Superhydrophobic Surfaces, Langmuir, 28 (2012), Aromaa, M., Arffman, A., Suhonen, H., Haapanen, J., Keskinen. J., Honkanen. M. Nikkanen, J.-P., Levänen, E., Messing, M.E. Deppert, K., Teisala, H., Tuominen, M. Kuusipalo, J., Stepien, M., Saarinen J.J., Toivakka. M. and Mäkelä J.M. Atmospheric synthesis of superhydrophobic TiO2 nanoparticle deposits in a single step using Liquid Flame Spray. J. Aerosol Sci. 52 (2012) Harra, J., Makitalo, J., Siikanen, R., Virkki, M.,, Genty, G., Kobayashi, T., Kauranen, M., Mäkelä, J.M. (2012) Size-controlled aerosol synthesis of silver nanoparticles for plasmonic materials J Nanopart Res (2012) 14:870 Koivisto,A.J., Aromaa, M. Mäkelä, J.M., Pasanen,P., Hussein, T and Hämeri, K. (2012) Concept To Estimate Regional Inhalation Dose of Industrially Synthesized Nanoparticles ACS Nano 6 (2), pp Harra, J.,J.-P. Nikkanen, M. Aromaa, H. Suhonen, M. Honkanen, T. Salminen, S. Heinonen, E. Levänen, J.M. Mäkelä (2013) Gas phase synthesis of encapsulated iron oxide-titanium dioxide composite nanoparticles by spray pyrolysis Powder Technology, 243, Stepien M., Saarinen J. J., Teisala H., Tuominen M., Aromaa M., Haapanen J., Kuusipalo J., Ma kela J. M., Toivakka M., "ToF-SIMS Analysis of UV- Switchable TiO2-Nanoparticle-Coated Paper Surface", Langmuir 2013, 29,