N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s, New Frontiers

Transcription

1 N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s, Sustainability and New Frontiers SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION IN

2 Contents Introduction Incentives to innovation Human capital Strategic sectors Aerospace industry Energy Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Agribusiness Environment Human Health Nanotechnology Biotechnology and genetic resources Information sources Public sector Private sector Academia and civil society Graphs, maps and statistics Investments / economic data Human capital Patents

3 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION IN Natural resources, sustainability and new Frontiers 1 Investments in human resources, systematized financing policies, and regulatory frameworks to support the sector have hoisted Brazil into a prominent position in science, technology, and innovation in strategic fields such as energy, agribusiness, and the environment. The country s natural resource base has served as an important asset for the development of a thriving innovation system, a key pillar of which is sustainability. Brazil has invested significantly on two exciting fronts, biotechnology and nanotechnology, and sanctioned embryonic stem cell research (May 2008). In addition to the efforts launched at the national level, Brazil has entered into a range of technology transfer and cooperation arrangements with African countries to contribute to food security in the region and ensure the full health of African populations. Introduction From the aerospace industry to agribusiness, biofuels production to nanotechnology, Brazil stands at the forefront of technology in strategic areas of economic and social development. With the largest economy in Latin America and the world s 9th leading GDP, investment in technology offers a valuable tool for fomenting growth. By 2010, nearly 1.5% of the nation s Gross Domestic Product will be channeled to investments in research and development, against 0.9% in The Brazilian government s Plan of Action in Science, Technology, and Innovation for Nation Development (Plano de Ação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para o Desenvolvimento Nacional PACTI) provides for investments of nearly US$ 22 billion by Investments in R&D as a proportion of GDP, by financing source, Source: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) Brazil s efforts have borne rapid fruit, particularly given that science, technology, and innovation are a relatively recent endeavor in the country. The nation s health including the Butantan Institute and the Oswaldo Cruz Institute and engineering and agriculture institutions were founded beginning in 1889, marking the birth of Brazilian science and technological pursuit. The higher education system took shape with the creation of the universities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, the nation s first, in the 1920 s. In 1951, systematic funding for science was inaugurated with the establishment of two national agencies, the National Research Council (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa), currently the Science and Technology Development Council (Conselho de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq), and the Coordinating Office for the Professional Enhancement of Personnel with Higher Education Degrees (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES), responsible for coordinating Brazil s graduate studies programs. The science sector was further consolidated with the creation of the Research and Projects Financing Agency (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - FINEP) to foster Brazilian innovation and FUNTEC, subsequently FNDCT, the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development. The Ministry of Science and Technology has primary responsibility for coordinating the national policy on science, technology, and innovation and oversees a network of research promotion bodies, including CNPq and FINEP. Financing at the state level also plays an important role through the implementation of Research Promotion Foundations (Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa - FAP), currently operating in 22 states and the Federal District. Inaugurated in 1962, the Research Promotion Foundation of São Paulo (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP) was the first entity of its kind in Brazil. The remaining foundations were established under the 1988 Constitution. 3

4 Incentives to innovation Launched in 2007, the Plan of Action in Science, Technology, and Innovation for National Development is aimed at consolidating the National ST&I System by stimulating innovation in companies. The PACTI includes resource allocations from the Ministry of Science and Technology, FNDCT, the National Economic and Social Development (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social - BNDES), as well as other ministries and state-controlled enterprises. In addition to public investments of approximately US$ 22 billion, the PACTI projects an increase in private sector investment in research and development from 0.50% of GDP in 2006 to 0.65% of GDP by According to the Technological Innovation Survey (Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica - PINTEC), an initiative of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE), 33.4% of Brazilian industrial enterprises secured at least one innovation in the 2003 to 2005 period. However, innovation in the majority of companies was accomplished through the acquisition of machinery and equipment, not in the end product, indicating that challenges remain for Brazilian industry in this area when set against the global context. A key challenge involves boosting the number of scientists employed in private companies, today overwhelmingly concentrated in universities. Yet, the regulatory frameworks and financing policies adopted over the last ten years have contributed to a shift in the setting above by stimulating private investment in R&D and the interaction of key actors. Beginning in 1999, sectoral funds were created to channel a portion of corporate taxes to R&D projects in strategic sectors. There are today 16 sectoral funds. On the regulatory front, Law 10973/2004, better known as the Innovation Act, served to strengthen interaction between universities and industry, directly assisting government efforts to promote innovation within companies. For its part, Law 1119/2005 introduced a series of fiscal incentives for R&D investment in the private sector, while also extending financing to companies hiring candidates with graduate degrees. Brazil s institutional framework ensures respect for intellectual property through the National Institute for Industrial Property (Nacional da Propriedade Industrial - INPI), a branch of the Ministry of Development, Industry, and Foreign Trade (Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior). According to INPI data, Brazil currently ranks among the ten leading countries in patent applications, with a total of 124,660 patent deposits in 2008, almost 70% of which derived from national enterprises, while leading the way in patent applications in Latin America, with 26,232 last year. Public institutions engaged in science and technology in Brazil MCT CNPq Capes FAPs FINEP BNDES The Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) coordinates the programs and actions implemented under the National Policy on Science, Technology, and Innovation and oversees a set of research promotion institutions, including CNPq and FINEP. The National Scientific and Technological Development Council is a federal agency devoted to promoting research in science and technology and providing training to human resources throughout the country. The Coordinating Office for the Professional Enhancement of Personnel with Higher Education Degrees, a branch of the Ministry of Education, promotes and coordinates the support provided to graduate studies programs in Brazil and partnerships with international institutions of higher learning. Research Support Foundations and Entities are agencies with responsibility for fomenting scientific and technological research connected to state governments. There are 22 FAPs in Brazil, including the Federal District. The Research and Projects Financing Agency is a government enterprise affiliated to the MCT to foster research and support innovation projects in Brazil. FINEP administrates the sectoral funds and operates programs such as PRIME, which provides support to new business ventures, and Inova Brasil, aimed at small- and medium-sized enterprises. The National Economic and Social Development Bank provides credit lines and investment funds to promote innovation, in addition to offering sectoral programs for technological development in aeronautics, digital TV, software, and pharmaceuticals. 4

5 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers Finep The Research and Projects Financing Agency (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos - Finep) provides support to initiatives in companies, universities, technological institutes, research centers, and other public and private institutions. Successful initiatives accomplished with agency financing include the development of the Tucano airplane by the Brazilian Aeronautics Company (Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica - Embraer) as well as an array of projects undertaken by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa) and Petrobras, in particular efforts contributing to the development of deepwater oil exploration technology. Finep manages a range of financial resources, including the Sectoral Funds in Science and Technology, a key financing instrument for research, development, and innovation projects. There are currently 16 sectoral funds, 14 related to specific sectors and 2 spanning different areas of activity. The corresponding resources are generated through various revenue sources, including royalties and financial compensations. At least 30% of the budgets corresponding to the various funds must be directed to the North, Northeast, and Center-West regions, making it an instrument of true national integration. Fund CT - AERONÁUTICO CT - AGRO CT - AMAZÔNIA CT - AQUAVIÁRIO CT - BIOTECNOLOGIA CT - ENERG Sectors benefited Aeronautics, electronics, and mechanical engineering. Agronomy, veterinary medicine, biotechnology, and agricultural economy and sociology. Research and development activities in the Amazon. Water transportation, materials, and construction processes, project repairs and maintenance. Strengthening of infrastructure and companies in the field of biotechnology, research. Energy efficiency in final use, alternative sources, and reduced waste, among other. Aproved budget for 2009 (US$ million) 19,7 48,6 12,2 22, CT - ESPACIAL Communications, remote sensoring, meteorology. 2,1 CT - HIDRO Rational water use, sustainable development. 30,3 CT - INFO Computer goods and services and automation. 22,1 CT - INFRA CT - MINERAL Modernization of infrastructure and laboratories and equipment purchases, among other measures. Technological development of small- and mediumsized enterprises; mineral exports. CT - PETRO Oil and natural gas production chain. 70,8 CT - SAÚDE CT - TRANSPORTE CT - VERDE-AMARELO FUNTTEL Public health, pharmaceutical products, biotechnology, technological updating of medicalhospital equipment. Civil engineering, transportation materials, logistical, equipment, and software engineering. Cooperation between productive sectors and research centers; incentives to entrepreneurship and risk investment in Brazil. Technological innovation and development of the Brazilian telecommunications industry. 184,1 6, ,9 189,6 32,5 5

6 Human capital From 2007 to 2008, there was a 56% increase in the number of published Brazilian scientific papers in specialized international journals, boosting the country s global ranking in scientific output from 15th to 13th. Brazil now stands ahead of several nations with long scientific traditions and currently accounts for 2.12% of all scientific production. From a representing a paltry 0.44% of total output in 1981, the country has risen to become a beacon of rapid growth in this area, advancing more than 8% per year, compared to a global yearly average of 2%. The ranking of scientific output is published by Web of Science, and draws on a series of databases with catalogued international articles and references to scientific publications. for However, the total remains inadequate to meet Brazil s development needs, and continues to manifest significant gaps in particular scientific fields. Brazil has also endeavored to promote science and technology for social development and the expansion of science education. The Brazilian Public Schools Math Olympics is the largest public school competition in the world. In 2009, more than 19 million students, representing 99.1% of all municipalities, will take part in the event. Another priority area has centered on disseminating technologies to coordinate the search for solutions to pressing social challenges, including health and basic sanitation, coupled with investments in capacity-building through the creation of 400 new vocational centers in technology and 600 telecenters by Brazilian scientific articles indexed in the ISI (Institute for Scientific Information) 2 Strategic sectors Brazil currently accounts for 2.12% of global scientific production The number of published papers increased 218% from 2000 to 2008 Source: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) These varied achievements have been driven by continuous and systematized training of qualified human resources in Brazil, a pillar of the country s scientific, technological, and innovation promotion policies. The Brazilian scientific community includes 210,000 active scientists across private and public universities and companies. The number of current master s and Ph.D. students is ten time higher than twenty years ago, and in 2006 a record 10,000 Ph.D. candidates were certified. The goal is to produce 16,000 doctors and 45,000 masters by The growing demand for qualified personnel in the private sector and expansion of higher learning have led to a nearly 79% increase in CNPq and CAPES study grants, which climbed from 95,000 in 2006 to 170,000 Investment in human resources, systematized financing policies, and the implementation of regulatory frameworks to support innovation are among the pillars that have allowed Brazil to occupy an internationally recognized position in strategic fields. The country is today a global reference in deepwater oil exploration, agribusiness software design, aerospace, and the development of renewable energy sources, including ethanol and biodiesel. Its contributions to neuroscience, heart surgery, human genetics, and genetic sequencing have been significant as well. Aerospace industry One of the most innovative sectors in Brazil is the aerospace industry, the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. The city of São José dos Campos, São Paulo, is the nerve center of Brazilian aeronautical engineering and space sciences. Embraer, Brazil s leading aircraft manufacturer, is the world leader in regional commercial jet aircraft (up to 120 seats) and one of Brazil s top exporters. As of 31 March 2009, the company s staff stood at 17,375 employees and delivery orders totaled US$ 19.7 billion. Among the company s critical technological innovations is the Ipanema, the world s first biofuel-powered commercial aircraft. Currently, Embraer aircraft crisscross the skies of 78 countries on five continents. The roots of São José dos Campos as Brazil s engineering capital trace to the founding of the Air 6

7 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers Force Institute of Technology (Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica ITA) in 1950, the country s top aeronautical engineering institute. The ITA is part of the Department of Aerospace Sciences and Technology (Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial DCTA) of the Ministry of Defense. In the field of space research, the National Institute for Space Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE), a branch of the MCT, is tasked with studying and monitoring climate change. The Institute operates one of the world s eight most advanced weather forecasting supercomputers. In partnership with China s Academy of Space Technology, the INPE developed a family of CBERS satellites to generate critical images, with view to controlling deforestation and burnings in the Legal Amazon and monitoring water resources and agricultural areas. The images are available on the Internet free of charge and supplied to African countries for purposes of supporting efforts to track burnings and droughts. Energy Brazil is at the technological forefront of deepwater oil and natural gas production and exploration. In 2008, major reserves were uncovered at depths of nearly 6,000 meters below the ocean floor in an area known as the Subsalt region. The discovery could vault Brazil into the ranks of the world s leading oil powers in total reserves. Success in this area is grounded, in large measure, on Brazil s refinement and perfection of advanced engineering techniques. To promote innovation, Petrobras pours almost US$ million into R&D initiatives every year. The Petrobras Research Center (Centro de Pesquisas da Petrobras CENPES) employs almost 2,000 staff personnel and operates 137 laboratories. One of CENPES projects is the Galileu Network, a research consortium composed of five of the nation s leading universities aimed at developing solutions to the challenges of oil exploration in the Subsalt region. The laboratories will be interconnected through a computer system capable of executing 180 trillion operations per second (teraflops), one of the largest grids of its type. Total project investments of US$ 70 million are forecast by In the field of biofuels, Brazil secured mastery of the technologies employed in ethanol production in the 1970s. Today, the country accounts for 43% of global ethanol production. It is also a leading exporter of ethanol. Some of the advances underlying Brazilian prowess in the field include enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials and flex fuel engines, an effort pioneered by Brazil. Launched in 2003, flex fuel engines allow vehicles and small aircraft to be powered with a mix of gasoline and ethanol, in any proportion. Additionally, in 2009 the Center for Bioethanol Science and Technology (Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia do Bioetanol CTBE) was launched to contribute further toward the development of the bioethanol supply chain. Brazil has also invested in biodiesel production technology. The National Program for Biodesel Production and Use (Produção e Uso de Biodiesel PNPB) launched in 2004 is supported by a technological network devoted to R&D in biodiesel production, storage, and quality control. The PNPB mandates that biodiesel concentrations in traditional diesel fuel be increased through 2013 up to a 5% mix. After only four years of organized production, Brazil is already one of the world s five leading producers and consumers of biodiesel, with 42 installed plants and an annual production capacity of 3.6 billion liters. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Brazilian software and services industry, ranked 12th in the world, generated revenues of US$ 14.7 billion in Nationally produced software for banking and financial operations are among the most sophisticated in the world. Similarly, the country boasts technological excellence in the development of e-government systems and information security. These gains derive directly from a thriving market of 8,500 companies and 1.7 million highly qualified IT professionals. Development of the information technology industry is directly tied to the consolidation of IT centers of excellence throughout Brazil. Campina Grande, with the highest proportion of Ph.D.s in Brazil, Recife, Campinas, Florianópolis, and Porto Alegre are home to just some of Brazil s technology parks. These centers include leading universities, skilled labor forces, and basic infrastructure for business launches. In addition, entrepreneurs enjoy access to venture capital investment programs for new and emerging enterprises, such as FINEP s Inovar initiative, and to facilitated credit lines, including the 7

8 National Development Program for the Software and Information Technology Service Industry (Programa para o Desenvolvimento da Indústria Nacional de Softwares e Serviços da Tecnologia da Informação PROSOFT), a BNDES initiative. In the microelectronic field, Brazil launched Latin America s first microchip manufacturing plant in 2009, the National Center for Advanced Electronic Technology (Centro Nacional de Tecnologia Eletrônica Avançada CEITEC), a US$ million project. CEITECT, a branch of the Ministry of Science and Technology, is the newest addition to Porto Alegre s technology park, a bustling center of more than 40 information technology and communication firms. Several are based out of the Pontificate Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (TecnoPuc), including such industry giants as HP and Microsoft. Agribusiness The catalyst for the development of Brazil s agribusiness sector was the establishment of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas, São Paulo, in 1887, and the Luiz de Queiroz Superior School of Agriculture, in Beginning in the 1970s, significant investments in science, technology, and innovation spurred the sector s growth, ultimately transforming Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse. The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa), the world s leading research institution in tropical agriculture played a pioneering role in this process. Agricultural research enabled the adaptation of crop varieties to the country s disparate soil and climate conditions. Today, agribusiness accounts for 25% of GDP and 30% of exports. Brazil is the leading global producer and exporter of sugar, coffee, and orange juice and ranks in the top three in soy, corn, and beef. Critical innovations in the field include the development of biological nitrogen fixation, employed to substitute nitrogenated fertilizers, direct planting, and genetic enhancement of crops. The incorporation of agricultural systems in the Cerrado (Savanna) region, previously an afterthought of the nation s farm sector, was yet another achievement in this endeavor. These efforts have resulted in the significant growth of agricultural production primarily through productivity gains, not the expansion of croplands areas: in the last 18 harvests, grain production soared 149%, while total crop area climbed only 25%. More important, Brazil has at its disposal over 90 million hectares of unused mechanizable land which could be employed for seasonal and permanent crop production Brazil Production and Harvested Area crop 1990/91 to 2007/08 - Grains The Embrapa Network includes 43 research units, in addition to virtual laboratories (LABEX) in the United States, France, and the Netherlands. This year, the institution opened new LABEX offices in Great Britain and Korea. Embrapa has also been active internationally through technology transfers to African nations, to which end it has maintained an office in Ghana in 2006, with a view to meeting the specific cooperation demands of countries in the region contributing to food security on the continent Harvested Area (millions of ha) Growth: 25.1% = 1.3% by year Production (millions of tons) Growth: 148.5% = 5.5% by year Position: September/2008 Source: CONAB. Environment Scientific and technological research in the environmental field is of strategic importance to Brazil. Through the Ministry of Science and Technology, the country conducts studies on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the Legal Amazon, the promotion of sustainable development in the region, and the repatriation of Brazilian biodiversity, among other measures. The efforts include collaborative research networks specifically devoted to building the technical capacity of local populations in the region. Further, Brazil boasts technology of excellence in satellite monitoring of forests, a task designated to the National Institute for Space Research. INPE performs critical surveys in the area. The Real-Time Deforestation System (Detecção de Desmatamento em Tempo Real - DETER) is a monthly study based on data from Terra/ Aqua and CBERS satellites aimed at providing advance support to deforestation enforcement and control measures. Similarly, the Legal Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Project (Projeto de Monitoramento do Deflorestamento na Amazônia Legal PRODES) 8

9 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers measures annual deforestation rates, which are posted free of charge on the Internet. With regard to the field of tropical biology, the National Institute for Amazon Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia INPA) has contributed valuable information on Amazon ecosystems, particularly in respect to the preservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, with a view to identifying solutions to the challenges generated by climate change. INPA s initiatives include projects for the development of new forest management techniques, tropical disease control, and renewable alternatives for power generation. Currently, the Institute is composed of nearly 200 scientists, 500 scholarship students, and 800 volunteers. At the state level, initiatives have been undertaken as well, such as the BIOTA FAPESP Program, established to map and analyze biodiversity in São Paulo through an online network of 1,200 researchers engaged in 83 thematic projects. In its first decade of activity, the Program s unprecedented research efforts have spawned exciting possibilities for alternative methods of biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in the city and exercise a direct impact on public policy. A central goal through 2020 is to promote research that inextricably ties biodiversity to climate change. Human health Providing incentives to technological innovation in human health aimed at stimulating the production of knowledge to improve the quality of life of Brazilians constitutes one of the country s key priorities. To secure progress on this front, Brazil has developed internationally recognized institutions in the area of biomedicine, such as the Butantan Institute (Instituto Butantan) and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ). The Butantan Institute, affiliated to the São Paulo State Secretariat of Health, is the nation s largest producer of serums and vaccines. Further, it is also a reference in research in poisonous animals, housing the world s largest snake collection, 54,000 specimens in all. The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of the Ministry of Health is the country s leading public health research institute. Its successes include isolating the HIV virus in Brazil and the production of nearly 90% of the world s yellow fever vaccine supply. Additionally, the institution is active in the manufacture of vaccines, medications, and biotechnology applied to health. FIOCRUZ employs 7,500 staff and operates 17 institutes, including an office in Maputo, Mozambique. The mission of FIOCRUZ in Africa is to undertake cooperation projects in health with African countries, with a view to contributing toward local development. Brazil has also made significant contributions to the field of cardiovascular research. The Heart Institute of the Clinical Hospital of the University of São Paulo (INCOR), specialized in cardiology, pneumology, and heart and thoracic surgery, is internationally recognized. INCOR conducts projects in areas such as molecular and genetic cardiology and stem cell research for the treatment of heart disease. The institution has released nearly 5,700 studies, 3,600 published in national journals and another 2,100 in international publications, and submitted patent applications for 20 products. Nanotechnology Two of the key frontiers in research, development, and innovation today are nanoscience and nanotechnology. Both sectors are of strategic importance to Brazil. The country has the installed capacity to compete in a variety of related fields, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paints, and material reinforcements. Another significant front is research into mechanisms to mitigate adverse environmental effects through the application of nanotechnologies to industrial water recovery, the production of biodegradable plastics, and the decontamination of rivers. Another promising field involves cancer treatments, with a number of pre-clinical trials currently under development to this end. There are today 1,300 researchers distributed across 48 universities and 50 companies in Brazil conducting research and development in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The community s scientific production has garnered international recognition, accounting for 3.01% of all published international papers, surpassing the total (2.12%) registered for overall Brazilian scientific output. Six national nanotechnology units serve to interconnect research institutes throughout Brazil. These include the Northeast Center for Strategic Technologies (Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste CETENE), the Embrapa National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness (Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia para o Agronegócio da Embrapa), and the Nanotechnology Laboratory of the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory (Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron LNLS) in Campinas, home to the lone synchrotron light in Latin America and the first in the Southern Hemisphere. 9

10 The center is equipped with the latest infrastructure and technology, to ensure research of the highest international standards. In addition, Brazil is one of the only countries in the world to invest in nanometrology through the creation of the Nanometrology Center of the Brazilian Institute of Metrology, Standardization, and Industrial Quality (Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial INMETRO). Biotechnology and genetic resources In the last ten years, the Brazilian scientific community has achieved a considerable level of skill in the use of biotechnology tools through refinement of recombinant DNA technology and genome and proteome research. In 2000, the FAPESP Genome Project garnered recognition following its successful sequencing of the Xyllela fastidiosa bacteria, the source of citrus variegated chlorosis, making it the first plant pathogen to be sequenced completely. Nature, one of the most respected scientific journals in the world, published a cover story on the Brazilian research study. In respect to human genetics, Brazil operates the only human genome research facility in Latin America, the Human Genome Studies Center (Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano) of the University of São Paulo (USP), where important work in the field of stem cell research, centered primarily on neromuscular disorders, is performed. Research efforts are also ongoing in cardiology and diabetes type 1. In addition, the Brazilian government officially sanctioned stem cell research in May 2008, paving the way for a new frontier in scientific innovation. 10

11 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers 3 Information sources Public sector Ministry of Science and Technology (Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia MCT) Information on the ministry s organization, public policies, and government programs. Press office: National Economic and Social Development Bank (Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social BNDES) About the bank, strategic planning, financing, investment funds, and sectoral programs to promote innovation and technology. Press office: Coordinating Office for the Professional Enhancement of Personnel with Higher Education Degrees (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES) General information of graduate studies programs, study grants in Brazil and abroad, and the promotion of international cooperation in science. Press office: National Scientific and Technological Development Council (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico CNPq) Research and technology initiation grants, Master s and Ph.D. scholarships, Press office: Petrobras Petróleo Brasileiro S.A General information, specific information on areas of activity, including subsalt exploration and renewable energies, technical publications. Press office: Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Embrapa) Organization, facilities, areas of activity, publications, overseas offices. Press office: Research and Projects Financing Agency (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos) Organization, sectoral funds, programs and financing for innovation and scientific and technological research. Press office: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IBGE) Social and economic statistics and indicators, Industrial Survey in Technological Innovation (Pesquisa Industrial de Inovação Tecnológica -PINTEC). Press office: National Institute for Amazon Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia INPA) General information on tropical biology, regional centers and offices, programs, research projects, and cooperation. Press office: National Institute for Space Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais INPE) Organization, research and development, satellite engineering, the Amazon, weather and climate, and international cooperation. Press office: National Institute for Industrial Property (Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial INPI) Organization, statistics, patent systems, modalities, trademark protection and registration requirements. Press office: Butantan Institute Background, introduction, projects, research, education, and business opportunities. Press office: Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz FIOCRUZ) Background, introduction, technological development, research, production, and social programs. Press office:

12 Institute for Applied Economic Research (Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada IPEA) Evaluations of technological innovation in the Brazilian productive sector and its impact, public policies, financing and incentives to innovation, and special credit programs. Press office: Brazilian Agency for Industrial Development (Agência Brasileira de Desenvolvimento Industrial ABDI) Assessments of industrial policy, strategic programs, dissemination of new technologies, innovation promotion in industry, competitiveness, and international insertion of Brazilian companies. Press office: Private sector National Association of Research and Development and Engineering in Innovative Companies (Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento e Engenharia em Companhias Inovadoras ANPEI) Structure, activities, project to support technological innovation, events, capacity-building, and publications. Press office: Brazilian Association of Aerospace Industries (Associação das Indústrias Aeroespaciais do Brasil AIAB) General information, information on members, interests, and objectives of the sector, and events. Press office: Brazilian Association of Vegetable Oil Industries (Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Óleos Vegetais ABIOVE) Industry views on biodiesel in Brazil, sustainability of soy production, statistics, studies, and event announcements. Press office: Brazilian Association of Information and Communication Companies (Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação BRASSCOM) General information on the IT market, members, interests of the sector, events, and statistics. Press office: National Confederation of Agriculture (Confederação Nacional da Agricultura CNA) General indicators, interests and objectives of the sector, events, support to new technologies, and technical assistance. Press office: National Confederation of Industry (Confederação Nacional da Indústria CNI) Organization, activities, industry views on innovation policies on Brazil, congresses on innovation in industry. Press office: Brazilian Aeronautical Company (Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S.A EBRAER) Information on the company, structure, technology, description of fleet, business opportunities, and statistics. Press office: National Petroleum Industry Organization (Organização Nacional da Indústria do Petróleo ONIP) General information on the sector, mini glossary, programs, bulletins, schedule of events and seminars. Press office: Nation Association of Entities for the Promotion of Innovative Enterprises (Associação Nacional de Entidades Promotoras de Empreendimentos Inovadores ANPROTEC) Information on incubator enterprises, technology parks, and innovative ventures. Press office:

13 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers Academia and civil society University of São Paulo (USP) Link for researchers, academic studies, R&D projects, cooperation, and technology transfers. Telephone: Human Genome Studies Center (Centro de Estudos sobre o Genoma Humano CEGH/USP) Link for scientists and academic studies in the field genetic diseases and activities linked to education, and technology transfers. Telephone: Heart Institute of the Clinical Hospital (Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas INCOR/ USP) Information on research and development in the field of cardiology centered on the production of new equipments and medications and the implementation of diagnostic and surgical procedures. Telephone: Air Force Institute of Technology (Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica ITA) Link for researchers and academic studies. Telephone: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Link for researchers and academic studies, R&D projects, and cooperation. Telephone: Federal University of Minas Gerias Link for researchers, R&D projects, and academic papers. Telephone: Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) Link for researchers, R&D projects, and academic papers. Telephone: Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Link for researchers, R&D projects, and academic papers. Telephone: Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG) Link for researchers, R&D projects, and academic papers. Telephone: Pontificate Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Link for researchers, R&D projects, and academic papers. Telephone: PUCRS Science and Technology Park (Parque Científico e Tecnológico da PUCRS TECNOPUC) Information on companies and incubators in the technology park, infrastructure, and actors. Telephone: Coordinating Office for Graduate Engineering Programs of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (COPPE/UFRJ) Link for researchers, R&D projects, and academic papers. Telephone: State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Link for researchers, R&D projects, and academic papers. Telephone:

14 4 Graphs, maps, and statistics Investments / Economic data Investments in R&D as a proportion of GDP, by financing sector, Source: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) National expenditures on R&D as a proportion of GDP (%), 2007 Goal of 1.5 % of GDP in R&D in 2010 Source: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) 14

15 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers Financial resources and macro-goals of the itc plan Mct resources and other federal sources, 2007 a 2010 Sources: LOA 2007, PLOA 2008, and PPA Human Capital Brazilian scientific articles indexed in the isis (Institute for scientific information) Brazil accounts for 2.212% of global scientific output The number of published papers increased 218% from 2000 to 2008 Source: Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) Certified masters and doctors Source: Coordinating Office for the Professional Enhancement of Personnel with Higher Education Degrees (CAPES) 15

16 Brazil: graduate scholarships granted by federal agencies, Sources: Coordinating Office for the Professional Enhancement of Personnel with Higher Education Degrees (CAPES) and National Scientific and Technological Development Council (CNPq) Brazil: students certified in master and ph.d. Programs, Source: Coordinating Office for the Professional Enhancement of Personnel with Higher Education Degrees (CAPES) 16

17 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers Brazil: percent distribution of the number of certified students in graduate programs by general knowledge area, 2008 Source: Coordinating Office for the Professional Enhancement of Personnel with Higher Education Degrees (CAPES) Brazil: researchers and support personnel engaged in research and development (r&d), in total numbers, by institutional sector and profession, Sectors Educational Level Year Government (1) Higher Learning (1)(2) Company (3) Private Not- For-Profit (1) Sources: Technological Innovation Survey (PINTEC) , 2003, and 2005 of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Coordinating Office for the Professional Enhancement of Personnel with Higher Education Degrees (CAPES), and the National Scientific and Technological Council (CNPq) 17

18 Patents Brazil: patent applications submitted to National institute for industrial property (INPI), by type, Source: National Institute for Industrial Property (INPI) Patent licenses from american patent and trademark office (uspto), by selected countries of origin, Source: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) 18

19 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,AND INNOVATION IN BRAZIL Natural resources, sustainability and new frontiers Innovative enterprises generation system 2007 Source: National Association of Entities for the Promotion of Entrepreneurial Innovation (ANPROTEC) 18 Tech parks based in Brazil s primary regions Campinas Technology Cluster #ICT Companies: Revenue: $ 1,4 Bn Target area: ICT Universities/colleges: UNICAMP 1 Porto Digital Technology Park Recife #ICT Companies: 117 Revenue: $ 236 MM Target area: ICT Universities/colleges: UFPE 2 PUC-RS Technology Park TECNOPUC #ICT Companies: 25 Revenue: $ 210 MM Target area: Biotech Clean Energy, ICT Universities/colleges: PUCRS 3 São Leopoldo Technology Cluster #ICT Companies: 39 Revenue: $ 175 MM Target area: ICT Universities/colleges: Unisinos 4 Alfa Tech Technology Park #ICT Companies: 42 Revenue: $ 120 MM Target area: ICT Universities/colleges: UFSC Vale do Paraíba Technology Park UNIVAP #ICT Companies: 10 Revenue: $ 120 MM Target area: ICT Universities: UNIVAP, ITA Paraíba Technology Park PaqTcPB #ICT Companies: 70 Revenue: $ 16 MM Target area: ICT, Design, Digital TV Universities/colleges: UFCG Petrópolis Tecnópolis Technology Park #ICT Companies: 70 Revenue: $ 137 MM Target area: ICT 6 Colleges:Univ. Católica de Petrópolis Vale do Rio dos Sinos Technology Park VALETEC #ICT Companies: 12 Revenue: $ 53 MM Target area: ICT, leather goods and shoes Universities/colleges: Feevale 8 Londrina Technology Park #ICT Companies: 2 Revenue: $ 10 MM Target area: Chemistry, ICT, eletronics Universities/colleges: UEL, UNOPAR 10 Rio de Janeiro Technology Park #ICT Companies: 15 Revenue: $ 10 MM 2008e Target area: ICT, Energy Universities/colleges: UFRJ 11 Uberaba Technology Park #ICT Companies: Revenue: $ 6 MM Target area: Biotech, Clean Energy, ICT Universities/colleges: Uniube 12 SERGIPETEC Technology Park #ICT Companies: 19 Revenue: $ 5 MM Target area: Energy, ICT, biotech Universities/colleges: UFSe 13 São Carlos Technology Cluster #ICT Companies: 30 Revenue: $ 5 MM Target area: ICT Universities/colleges: USP, UFScar 14 IPTEC Ijui Technology Cluster #ICT Companies: 8 Revenue: $ 2 MM Target area: ICT Universities/colleges: UNIJUI 15 Itajubá Technology Park #ICT Companies: 39 Revenue: $ 0,75 MM Target area: Energy, ICT Universities/colleges: UFRJ 16 Brasília Technology Park #ICT Companies: 5 Revenue: N/A Target area: Biotech and ICT Universities/colleges: UnB 17 Curitiba Technology Park #ICT Companies: 28 Revenue: N/A Target area: ICT Universities/colleges: UFPR 18 Source: A. T. Kearney Consultants, for the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) Cluster Tecnológico de Campinas Empresas de TIC: Receita: $ 1,4 Bn Foco: TIC Universidades/Faculdades: UNICAMP 1 Parque Tecnológico Porto Digital Recife Empresas de TIC: 117 Receita: $ 236 MM Foco: TIC Universidades/Faculdades: UFPE 2 Parque Tecnológico PUC-RS TECNOPUC Empresas de TIC: 25 Receita: $ 210 MM Foco: Biotech Clean Energy, TIC Universidades/Faculdades: PUCRS 3 Cluster Tecnológico de São Leopoldo Empresas de TIC: 39 Receita: $ 175 MM Foco: TIC Universidades/Faculdades: Unisinos 4 19

20 Federative Republic of Brazil Presidency of Republic Secretariat for Social Communication Brasília - DF, Brazil + 55 (61) secominternacional@planalto.gov.br