A Smart School of Thought:

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1 Srt Schl uht: Nurl Vili With u upl Rit Slb li/hi Dr Ey Ruly, MH, i buili ciit, Mihrt Buili Scic up; Dr Mirk Pichwki, up lr, Mihrt Buili Scic up BT I th chl vi, tu tchr p y hur y i criv ctiviti phi i ir qulity, ct ry fficicy b crti uch th rcil buili i ppr pp fibly rt uci fcility by icpi url vili it with rit lb li/hi f ptil ry vi ccupt ct It l hihliht cli ch wr thuh rwbl ry tchly utilii i th Exch tchly P ( i) wr illutr with th t bviu pitiv i f th lr plyi u i th chl fucti th b f th chpr hizl typ u h xchr ry l b thi yt w vlp f th full yr ub-hurly ti tp iuli Mlbur whr iti i EryPlu phitic l try w ipl i th buili ry iuli pr with tw thr vil yt i tr ry upti, ct ic whr th pp yt w hw hv bttr ry fficicy thrl ct with bl pybck pri rr thi -frily rwbl ry i yt wipr pplici TRODUT I th chl vi, irl ir qulity (IQ) pc ct r criticl i th pc tchi lri th tk quit ubr hur vryy but th l r t t tti qu ti ti Mt chl prticulrly i ril r r ty tll chl hv lr ply u i th urui th c b u th b f u H Exchr (HE) utili Erth url thrl ry t i lr pc uit th chpr hizl typ HE thu fibl f ipli f IQ pc ct, url vili i fibl pti bcu thi vili try t ivlv lr ivt ll Wiw pi c pvi ir flw itributi frh ir rplih th tl ii ir currly tk wy th xc h r by th irl l f ccupt, quip lihti upplry yt i uully bficil ii ct uri xtr u iti th hiht ur wir Rit yt c hc thrl ct by ipuli th prcpti hu i but ffici yt i prfctly uit uppt th url vili yt i ppr triv r th hybri url vili yt with bic l tri pl by lb rit li/hi th hr th thrl rwbl ry urc ui hihly ffici wr wr h pup c t ly pvi ry vi but l livr ufficily ctbl irl iti typicl Mlbur cliic iti uit thi hybri yt u it hi i with bu pptuiti k u th il uti ir i ur thuh url vili, with th xcpti fw xtr y Nurl vili Nurl vili yt r i pvi uffici uti ir chiv pppri tr i ir qulity pvi fr li ruc ur vrh cry liit li cpcity url vili it pc th bi lr l ppr irl i hul b i plc cti uti l pvi bttr ccupt ccptc fluctui l ll iti Nurlly vil buili t i chiv t vil iti but rhr utili th yic ir flw pvi ctbl llbl iti f th ccupt th cli wr, ccupt t pt hift thir prcpti th iti whr thy trt fl ict hihr tprur, firt ll, by uiti thir clthi llbl vili r c wi r f H r il fur i url vili Quit ly, plt hut w i ccptbl iii ict f wiry rft t pppri try h ir th typ pc whthr wi buycy fc r likly pi Buycy vili y b tprur-iuc (tck vili) huiity iuc (hwr/l wr, lquf) th rult f th iffrc i ir ity Withi th, 44 Elibriu PRIL

2 h huiity iv f by ccupt thr irl urc bth t k ir ri tl, h ir cp f pi i th cili prit frh ir r lwr pi rplc it Stck ffct vili i ffctiv i wir, wh i/u tprur iffrc i xiu but will t wk i ur f th uirbl i tprur rquir b wrr th bi privly, wi cu pitiv prur th wiwr i iv prur th lwr i buili T quli prur, frh ir will r y wiwr pi xit f y lwr pi I ur, wi i u upply uch frh ir pibl whil i wir, vili i lly ruc lvl uffici v xc itur pllutt [4] Ii urlly vil buili th ir v i vr by th iz plc pi cti btw th f th ir flw wk irl i th buili h fcilit thi ir v ffctivly xii th bfit f thi try Rit lb li/hi Rit hi li ii thrl iti pririly by irct trfr rit ry rhr th vcti hi li thuh th u rit pl with ll tprur urfc fl, wll cili ii by circuli wr, ir, lctric curr thuh circuit b i th tw t typ pl yt r hyic lctricl yt I hyic yt, h l wr i bi circul thuh th rit pl whr i th lctriclly h yt, liht tl pl cili yt r prfrr bcu cili r bttr xp fr rp ti thuh hihr urfc tprur c b ffct [] Dpit th y bfit rit yt c fr uch bttr ct lvl [7], bc pc-itii quip, ruc ir qutiti f iiu rft vi, i ci with f-il iucti uit, ruc pk l u thrl ry t i th pl tructur tc, thr r ivt uch lw rp ti, i rik i li liit hi cpcity, vr uri th i t Rit fl/lb yt hv th bfit brii th ibl hi/li irctly th ccupi pc hci thrl ct thuh ipvi th rit tprur th fl fl th h ik/h urc i thu rpibl f lr pti th ibl l th th upply ir ul b ruc cl th qutity rquir f vili hybri yt bi rit pl yt with thr yt b it url vili fc ir yt whr l frh ir l r i th vctiv yt t th ibl l th rit yt Bcu th ir tprur rit tprur (MRT) c b ll iply, bttr ct iti yt fficicy c b chiv th xp hihr l plxity cpitl t [] 3 Exch u urc h pup (SHP) Ulik iry ir itii yt furc th cr h by buri ful, typiclly url, pp, il, Exch yt hr Erth url h i wir thuh ri pip, cll lp, ill blw th urfc th u ubr i p lk with buti prt f th lctricity ru th h pup Flui (wr rfrirt) circuli i th lp crri trfr thi h f pc hi pr-h tic ht wr i yt typiclly pr-riv vpur pri yt will cr thi thrl ry rl it ii th h hihr tprur rlly, uct f itribut th h vriu ffctivly, wr--wr trfr yt c b u i rit fl yt I ur, th pc i rvr pvi pc li Exc h i rw f th pc, trfrr th lp, rjct th Erth xch yt pvi li by vi h f th iri, t by ijcti l ir, i th wy rfrir kp it l SHP wk iffrly f vil ir Surc H Pup (SHP) th u th u ir thir h urc h ik SHP yt r ry ffici bcu th tprur th h urc ik i tbl r ulik th ily l fluctui i bi fci th SHP Efficicy prt, lr ppti th ry u i SHP yt i rwbl ry f thrl urc rir i lctricl ry ply cr h trpt it btw th iti pc u Bi th t vi u it hih ry fficicy, th thr vt SHP yt r: N buti fil ful f hi with irct O O by puct Sipl i, pri ic 3 itil ht wr pucti i ur 4 N uihtly/iy u f riv uit Sf, pct i uit, but pc-ffici 3 METHODOLOY i tuy vlu pr thr HV yt f pplici i chl i i pvi iiht i yt prfc i tr ry fficicy, ct ic thuh th v cpbiliti ry lli/iuli ui vc ry iuli twr cll DiBuilr [] it clculi i, EryPlu hlitic ppch thi tuy trct f th uul ty t vili cri vr p ht ti fr (thuh vlp flw l FD ly [9]) whr til th itu ptr url ir v p tly th trth ircti th url rivi fc (wi turbulc) th ritc th flw ph I, it bul thr th whl buili with vrythi but it whr th full yrly whr pril w put i ti, but l try w vlp rbl bth ur u l f th url vili yt with ic u ir yt i plic with th hlth ruly vili tr, th SHP l w clibr b lct ufcturr f it cpcity prfc, th lb rit fl w crfully fi tu iv ptil prfc whilt vii i, i PRIL Elibriu 4

3 th qut pr th full pictur thrl ct, yt prfc ry upti f ll th yt ivlv itilly, phitic hih lvl hybri l f th yt pri w l ipl f ry vi EryPlu twr vri w u prf th ry iuli thi tuy with th rlvt p b i th i l r itict l wr riv f bi f pri f th ry, ct ic prpctiv iul ub-hurly ti tp ur th rl plt ul lcl whr trt buili w ll with th rpctiv til HV yt fcti ffct ip by tri xtrl whr iti i tprur, huiity, wi p & ircti wll buycy tck tw thr l bi pr wr priv yt vil i ur uch u bchrk i th pri 3 buili l lli pcur trt with try cri f th buili i DiBuilr phyiqu, fbric vlp th buili w riv f chl i Mlbur, utrli buili w built i plic with th B 6 with firly xtiv hi hw i Fi buili try w prpr t up f th ir Flw Ntwk (FN) lli ly pc ir flw wi prur, buycy tck ffct fllwi crti lli rquir i EryPlu t thi t, ll thr pct buili ry upti iclui ccupt, buili fbric, lihti, HV wr b fi wll xt tp w xpt th l i th EryPlu if f i i whr plt quip w ruct f SHP HE th ctiv lb p w li f th fl i ll th ccupi i tp ivlv til t up, chcki jut iput fiiti, prr p, fi tui vlii wll irity chck f th brch prt th ir lp, yt plt p Subquly, ll th wiw pi wr t up by fii thir pi vilbility chul l with vili l, t pi, vi p fct f wi ipct b th tr wi prur cfici f th EryPlu librry Fllwi w clrifici utput vribl llci pppri whr fil pri rui th clculi lcl Mlbur whr lct b th ctul buili lci w u chck th fibility fuctility thi yt w t bi pri thr lci iffr cli uch Syy Brib i pibl futur tui ftrwr, th l w tt ru prriclly fi tu th pi th th lb rit fl ul prf ptilly withut i rik bf rui th l f th full yr ry rult wr llct, ly pr with tw thr bchrki l 3 Hvc p ll i EryPlu 3 url vili lli thuh ir Flw wk (F) bulk-flw url vili c b iul ui th ir Flw Ntwk l i EryPlu ulti-z FN pvi th bility iul ulti-z irflw i buili thuh p prtilly p pi, wiw, with z iiviul urfc l, z prur u vlp lk ir flw thuh crck i xtri irz urfc riv by wi tri p ircti with rr urfc ii, buycy tck ffct l by fc ir itributi yt wh it i ll [6] 3 Lw tprur hyic rit lb hi/li i lw tprur hyic rit yt i p z quip l y rit yt whr wr i u upply/v ry /f buili urfc wll, cili, fl rlly ry i l hirrchy, thi p i i t y rii z l t t by thr HV yt i th z hihr priity l i cplih by thttli th ht chill wr flw th uit b th t pi fi f th rit yt t th z tht i p i t i iul hih tprur lctric rit hr [6] Fiur : buili l u f iuli 33 SHP with urfc (hizl) u h xchr (HE) r r tw wr--wr h pup l i EryPlu i prr tii qui fit h pup l qui-fit l [], u i thi tuy, h it prfc b th curv-fitt cl which rbl blck bx with u h trfr qui 46 ELIbRIu PRIL

4 thr [8] u phyicl prr r f th cl prict prfc th h pup ui thyic lw h trfr qui upply i th h pup i uully ct HE, i thi c hizl urfc typ Fiur hw th lyut pipi ir th wr--wr h pup i urfc h xchr l i iul hyic urfc u h xchr th iclu pv urfc with b pip f w-lti h rjcti f hybri u urc h pup yt h xchr y b u upl xp th wi but t lr i, it y b t l i uit ct i prlll with thr i quip uch li wr r Supply Si r D Si Plt D Si u H Exchr SHP Buili z Plt Supply Si Fiur : Schic ir SHP with HE i EryPlu 34 Dic u ir yt (DS) DOS i EryPlu i i pvi ithr itil uti ir liit u ibl / l ir itii It i ubyt HV ir lp with ix ir bx th h llr pvi u ir vili fr li/h rvry pplicbl Svrl liit l r vilbl f flw r uli btw th iiu O rquir chi th ix ir tprur it t pi v i huiity l iht cycl uty f th f [6] 33 Siuli l t pi tprur i th r ul-t pi with b l 4 rit fl urfc tprur r t 8 3 f hi li, rpctivly l w pi tprur cut f i t blw th fl urfc tprur whr wr flw thuh th fl il i b pp vi i wiw pi hv iiviul l iic ccupt bhviur wh hw uch p b u ry bulb tprur r l wr vlp fllw whr pplicbl th FN p w th tti t iilr bi f pri Ml : Nurl vili with rit lb li/hi pwr by SHP with DOS hybri vili l i i th pp l th utili url vili with lb li/hi f ll th ccupi z I iti thi b yt, t l itil DOS i l i plc upply th iiu frh ir rquir ( L//p f p vr 6 yr ) i ll th ccupi t th hlth ruly tr [3] b ccupcy l h hybri vili l, i th whilt th lb rit li/hi i pri b ccupcy hur, th url vili DOS r ur l ch th t llw iulu pri th tw yt tki cu f th iiu frh ir rquir i th l z (i thi c Stui ) whrby wh u ir ri th z thuh wiw i l th th rquir u (b f-il f O f xpl), th wiw will b hut f f th DOS pr upply th iiu frh ir i th thr c, th url vili will b fully pril b th pi l th xtrl wiw with th DOS f SHP prfc (cpcity pr pwr) i b Mcquy wr wr urc h pup RW 4 cpcity f r Eri Wr Tprur (EWT), flw r Lvi Wr Tprur (LWT) th urc l i f li hi Ml B: Nurl vili with FU yt DOS hybri vili l i i hybri vili l th bi url fc vili yt l tti f ll th xtrl wiw fr url vili i cr r th Ml f it pri hybri l wk i th r Ml wll chillr f thi yt i u hv OP with th bilr hvi thrl fficicy 83% Ml : Fc vili l with FU yt i l rli lly fc ir vili f th FU uit th buili HV yt Frh ir rquir L//p r b i th FU u uit b ccupcy ity N url vili i icp prt f l ifiltri H f ll th chillr f thi yt i u hv OP with th bilr hvi thrl fficicy 83% 4 RESuLtS 4 Ery kw Ml SHP Elctric Pwr / /3 /8 3/9 4/7 /6 6/ 7/4 8/ 9/ /9 /7 /7 / Hi li Fiur 3: ul li hi lctricl pwr upti f SHP, chillr/bilr th thr l 48 ELIbRIu PRIL

5 ult th cr ult th ul Di pplici () ri publici puc by H r bt prctic uili it HV&R prctitir with thir y y tk i th i, pri ic chicl buili rvic NDIT HE HE FR EF R IE TIO N, IR O IT ND IO N N DH T E U U LIN LIN ITUTE ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE E US TR TIT UT EO BUILD OMMISS iii pc ENTRIFU ENT RIFUL RIFU L PUMPS Pr i Di i i iii r iii r Pr-i iii ti Pr-i iii ti cu wr rquir DDcu wr rquir Drft p wk Drft p wk bl iii t bl iii t Outli iii pl Outli iii pl 7 BU O MM IS S IO N N HE 346 Dfi p wk O O th pr-i livrbl th iii t i wll-fi r p wk f th t pjct th th i ph c b crri ut pjct p wk will f prt th iii pl Buili cui Buili cui LOD T ONDI OND 4 EIM N HE HE N RIFU L N US TR N REFRIERI WER FILTE ONDITI REFRIERI HE ONDITI REFRIERI MM ONI REFRI HUMID T E L TROPI T ONDI HE HE ONDITI REFRIERI 4 WE R SY EM BL 3, HE ONDITI 6 8 TR REFRIER TITUTE LIN Fiur 3: iii Pc iii t will: Pvi fu f ir tr uici Pvi fu f ir tr uici Pvi chi f th clr llci Pvi chi f th clr llci rpibiliti Prticip i iii rviw Prticip i iii rviw it with -fc luti it with -fc luti ppv th iii tui pl ppv th iii tui pl ppv th iii rpt ppv th iii rpt P PL I NU L Spcific quip ufcturr Spcific quip ufcturr Buili ir rchitct Buili ir rchitct l rct upplir l rct upplir Buili rvic ir Buili rvic ir Nt ll th tkhlr will b vilbl th bii th pjct th bii th pjct iii t will vlv vr th ur th pjct ky tkhlr b pjct ky tkhlr b pi th rctul pi th rctul It i il hwvr, th ll ky It i il hwvr, th ll ky iclu th rlit pibl t ur th th wr xpcti iiviul wr xpcti iiviul rpibiliti r clrly llc u It i l il th c th tkhlr r i th pjct, th cti rpibiliti th pjct, th cti rpibiliti l th th iii xpcti th r clrly uic th u ccpt by th Priic ti th iii t r il uccful buili iii uccful buili iii frqu t ti r rlly rquir uri th lr t ructi, tti hvr thi wh t rr flict wh t rr flict c ri wh thr i th l u ti urc vilbl lv th Drft iii pl (utli) TIVE SYEM O EVP OOL N DO OR Oc th p wk h b fi, utli th iii pl will b vlp by th iii r iii pl i cu th vlv pjct i rviw up vrl t pjct S fiur 3 Dvlpi utli pl th pr-i t hlp th iii t fcu th iii th i t th pjct N, I R O ND iii pl rv fcu pi f th t thuhut th pjct t pr-i t it will pcify th i rl iii tk t i t it will pcify th ructi tk chul t ructi t it will pcify th hvr rl iii chul t hvr t it will pcify th buili tui rl iii tk 6 Outli pc i hl pr-i pc i hl pr-i ti th iii t i i pptuity f th iii r wr iuc ll tkhlr, xpli th iii pc, llc ll rpibiliti (clrifyi y vrlp), i th iii ctiviti, clrly utli th Tt wr hul fully pwr th iii r thi ti ur th ll tkhlr i th wr xpcti with wr xpcti with iii pr-i ti iii pr-i ti i l pptuity f iii t br hr l lr f prviu iii pjct prviu iii pjct ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE Fil iii pl Di 3 U p Ill PPLI Fiur 3: iii Pl up ftr ch ph 6 6 FI FILT LTER LT ERSS ER N HE ILD M N E ME NT & O NT RO LS P YS TE v t MS lu ccu i p c y EM ONDENSE BU ILD IO N MN r R i i i M N E ME NT US TR LIN S TIT U TE REFRIER, ONDIT HE & ON TR OL fu l l SY EM S U L OOL TO TOWE WERS WE RS R ONDIT I ONDIT W WER TER PIP PIP S 9 Sy t Pr-i ti ITIO BUILD MN (BM ONTROL S EMENT YEM S) S QUL IO p p ix PPL PPLI I I M IO N ENT EM EMS MN SY D BUIL ONTROL S) (BM U U LIN LIN ITUTE ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE NEW 8 9 T Evp 4 ti 3 96 H +6 Fx: tii 3 3 i ir i Tl: r fri 3 R VI itut ur I lb M i t, trl u h Str bt Eliz ww l Lv REFRIERI US ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE IER -i t ll i rw ffi i ci rfl ct wh 9 h It i S bl b ip bu cr y f l rtt t ili ct y cc fll ci t cc Sy t wi wh yt t h Mi p k r Sy tti hl cc t c Bu D : r i pr il th r v y i Sp r l lly BMS i y Upcili tui ti, r ctiv tr p r t i ity t i v i lv u l th ti fcubuil Fi ri fix tk t b l ccu lvl it i p rpr tu cl cc p fi t rf i rly P ti r i 9 tiv ut ccu fcti pr ii c v It i l tifi uth crit fi pc ur i hw lu lp f ip ity i r w i ri ur y v U rl rtt h if quir ll th, th will lu fi k cti bu i r uth ch f vluy vlu vry c i f ch f cup u ili pc i BMS i i ch wh, bu ch ifi fc v ully p urv pr y ili ii ilit y c rf lu fcu tti th ppyt y DD vi r y r th bu fc i ul, rp l h t y c ult, ili ilit y u qu i t t t rvy r l ibilit ul l ick, lt y rllyprf iclu l y b i pr fix i pu yt uti u v r t i h by r u, th c iffi plc, th tu c l f h t tti i if rl ity f c ci p r r ch th ly O rqu f r bu i r l l i BM ly ci l ut tur h il ir y i t t ic S i i y rvi with tti hu i th ch l will Wh w yt h, t t p l li l bl Wh till r i b c i bu i r p jut ll h p ck t il th p t r r pr i l ki rti yt Fi i r p i b culr ru rt huth ch r l phil tr t r i fi ch r, fui pp l b q tti i ph tui i i tu th til i rqu pr u R th th uc, it i y y p ii ir r Mi hv cific t u yt t up tch wh l ix pv pc i th ip wh ch c rlyi, r th rt pr u ic i i p ur ii bu t r curr i l i c x r wh c ch i ili y, H Bu f ui pli b R r i ch l tu M utili I j ili i v pct i wh hw ir hu u i lly ytr r vi D ur y th if wh ll f ir l i uc buil cu y l yt th w th ch y w w y ul ct hu ir v l r ifi v ii l Sy th i huth t i l t r tu t l il rp l yt p i i quir l b i w i F l y r ct ir u i p U R r, p cu fu l yt i pl i ril tr t i cific w pp t lly t i v rct ch p h ilr rf ch ii i ri ti cu ll pc ul lly tt it pu r til chri ii vlv iti c ic l ch f b f blic I t fu BM t rqui th i t r ti BSE pr t l y 9 hv f, S th plc Ev 4 fi hv ir bi tr i fu t w iti i r h l (th f th r i ccu i ti cti by wi V wi v ir bck llr, tl, ct r pr, If ch ci pri rr t (POR th i buil uth ch ct urth tr rify ic iv t u with li r ) rvi up i i t pr- irct f th y w f hti p u f t p i th i t b itch, pu l w bl i t t ll th y f th y y r PO i t, i ic ih if hv th pr vlu b ck vi t p i pl uit i w u lici R tr th y pr th ck th l vic t c b ll c r, Syt l cr ccu i i wh pj rth uthi plc ur i, v l, pr pr p p rr p vri t b wi x r ii b ct whil i,, r cit i p c ri iu r i i yt bl ipu ll r b thy l tr ch it y up, if flu th bl t p ; p yt, pr p pr ch ctiv y, th pri b Syt ) i t f th i i l thr t r ipu wi c c ll c r pi fu iti t p i i i b th p, l thr t rl t b i f l lly u ur rvi clly hv fficu tr vic y u ru vic ctric t ch v lt rvy v tic t S thr c r quip w r bck ir l rqufi l rif y t b llr rqu cu ili l vlv t i b ll u u p ll p lp h ir i th tr fu r u tp ir,, i th ic r liv rit v i c c y c i t tp ut pl lit S S t (P rvi if th ti c li, pc ut b b, c t b fi OR w y l p h, c I i ) i typi ti Rpl DD up t rf, r liht clly llr vic i c (i ll c S r t M i, iclu ll D ltr ffici pr t th tt p iu tr r; r jc p iv qtr D ur bu y S ) p vic ll t p rf (l uip y rt, ili ll N r w ch r h y rv t wi u Op lly li i c W ill Ou tr iw th li th il Sup if t ply th r rp DD t i t l rq hi lc v pr ct PU llr uirh ffici l ur, th T ct, pr u cy Fi h ic ub u r ur f W ill vlt t r, hu llr v ch tr i : B LO Rt c ii S ribl ) I ic ur S with rct u ll D c ty, v typic icr cti utp pr r rc u tri lcity ll l l D ut r tput, iv vic ll, fl y p llr i t l th Fi vr i th b lct w, illu u thi OU ur i u cr ric r l cti tputl which c if TP cti l r i UT : DD r Ex b th ll ll ur ip it c, it i th ti pl yt r v llr c, l ut f l l ytr, ribl th c vic th ith th ip ur cti u Ex t r ut utp yt icp ll v c tput ut pl it iv li (DD c llr ribl icr th vic ll pu i th ipu c, (BMS ), r th k i i t cr u t tr ) H bu r pu vic ll th f tput t u i w ili l, t Typi rqu i tput th th ir t, pr cl vic ir f ch rl ct i r Tw r th i i i ll it l rp cll hip r fu l b b p ul th btw cti l l iti i u th, it tp l th ir l ut i pc i i ply wh rp ifi th th i bu f ll l pc th wh t pilly ili r ifi ur iff th v v rc i / HV t p lu ri ff r: bl btw i iff r i (th i rc il l ff th h, r il) t p rc i h ITY ONDITI REFRIERI N HE ONDIT, N NE N Rtiii Rplc xt tp i put thr th iii t t i vr th ir S N TEN RS HE M tt Riii Riii ritc tri PPritc tri iuu iii iuu iii l th iii iii pc ERS &R Tui Tui ic ic HE FNS N TOW PIP FNS HV NT ONDI MM O Opri rviw Opri rviw iii r c it th wr th POR, th which i 9 HE TME ER TRE T 3 OOL 6 HE ONDITI W 7 REFRIERI ONDITI 8 REFRIER TITUTE LIN HE HE ONDITI REFRIERI ONDITI PUM REFRIERI ONDIT, S E ONT PS ENT ROL NOIS ONDITI ONDITI REFRIERI HE REFRIERI ONDITI ON ISSI buili ir fi icu i Scti 3 3 N HE ONDITI REFRIERI N REFRIERI B TE ENS M E N Fuctil tt TB Fuctil tt TB 343 bl iii t Occupt t rpriv Occupt t rpriv Mi rct Mi rct ONDITI HE 9 ONDITI REFRIERI ONDITI Buili rvic ubrct Buili rvic ubrct REFRIERI REFRIERI E REFR HV &R N HV TRODUTI TRODUT TRODUTI ON N HE IT UT 8949 HUMIDD TROPI HUMI TROPIIL L I R ONDIT ONDIT 9 U U LIN LIN x ) tric h rt 3 r ru /k kj p py T thl i E P w D Wt Bu lb 6% 3 4% T p ru r % E D 9 th r prir th vpiv li i t ct ffct th liiti rlif fct wt bulb li pplici wh i Wt bulb ri tprur huiity, ry bulb tprur pych itur, tric li chrt ( c ll b rpr fiur ) (il) t ry bulb (vrtic ri (k rliv hui l) t chrt iclu wr wt bulb ity (curv i th ur /k ir) ) % hui ti li rliv huiity ity curv = 34 4 Ev p ir iv lr typ ir Rliv /i 3 % 8% Huiit U U LIN LIN ITUTE ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE 6 QULITY 7 7 BUILD OMMISS y% 6% 3 4% 3 f rrvir W lb t Bu w D i P p T ur r Dir ct pup % li ic chrt ir ich /k : Pychr tr NDIT HE HE Fiur i Sy StES Mitur uri 3 Dry Bulb 3 B = Li Tprur 4 D = Li rliv 4 hui ry ity = Li E = Li tp wr rur vp iv p u = Li l Pych tric /k B Wt Tprur Tprur NEW lb Bu 8% Dw Pi ive ir I thi c 96 = 44 u th vpiv ir ir l rulti tprur r will ruc by 8% i th f th 96 r p th r vpiv vilbl, uppl ir l Ev thu y ir tp Evpi r 44 rur r b u h vpiv vry btw fficici ir li prtic br ply f uch pplic ulr uit tr, hu i hv i hit y i vl i vpiv vpi i ccc l p typwill th p ir r ipv with iv li yt tchly th uppl fficicy i with S 93 If th uit thi x vp frquly iv tchicl i tly w 9% y ir tprur pl luti w 8% riv ir bi wul th uppl crib lr u ppli b 38 y ir tp fllw thr i utr ; if rur It i th : Dirct li c b typ wul b it upply ir upply bly 3 tprur ir Iir, i ju th qutity liv ct cti with r Tw cpcity tprur th by th uit, th th t th yt c b tr i ur th chiv F pcifi th li 4 Dir vpiv iti viw th ct vp wt bulb ir li prf r ir i iv ir ti will pri vil rc pi vp th iplt, l th r ict bl lr riv ir t t r th iffr th yt f th u l rw ir li c btw vr wtt r ppli wipr i th th tw ptil; typ yt p i u f tprur Typicl itributi ti pc livr, rr th ithr irct l yt it ir ir ly th h Wr ry ir i v vi ir i th ir vp rt l th wr Rliv Huiity % EVPORIVE OOL SYEMS L Evp iffr bulb tp c btw th wt bulb Wt bulb rur th u th ry ill Dpri (WBD ir vpiv ) pp i cll th ry bulb rly i tprur ir li yt quivl th c ruc vpiv th r vpu ir th by pri ir lr, ultip ri ffici fct cy li by irct vp th u th wt th fficicy riv ir l ir F xpl, bulb th vp with wt r r 8% f vpiv bulb pr ry bulb riv ir l i r hul tprur, ruc : 34 u 34 (8 Mitur HV &R MENNE HV i Sy StE ES 3 W t bulb hu tprur iity Dry Bulb 9 9 U U LIN LIN ITUTE ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE l i u k pwr i uful f pri prticulr l but, vlu illi iffr ffici b clcul, th u ccptbilit th ffct rfrr cy th vp but th thi rquir prur lvly f ffct riv ir iv pc uit, th iv) withi th th wr lci th vp ifi uit Effct /ir h xch i ur furthr iv wr 6 pri riv i i clculi itributi il R lc ipv th ct f vr r btw ptii yt tricl lctricl th li th th ir ir l upti upti fficicy wr r i btw utput th bir tt ur uri th vp th r yt plc rultth ir wr rp t riv th vp, th i cc i i ct pi c with riv fficicy vp li thuh S 93 ct th wtt p ri tk ti vpii l ffct th ir Tt fficicy tr i r crri ut i th vpi thi i th Evpiv ccc fficicy c ir l th t with S 93; th wt r rly bulb r th iffr th li c btw ffct ry bulb tp R u f th rur wt bulb ry r tprur f thir pw iri bulb tprur r lvl u pwr th w i iffr i th ri th th ry wt bulb vpiv vpiv tprur r u bulb tp th ir fficicy ir lr uu pwr i fuct It i ily rur th tt i i uch cccr uri th li pychur ui itur with S iru f ir tr; 93 ry bulb tprur it c b clcul r irct Evp rliv ly f iv hui pych li Pyc tric chrt ity h u irh w U U LIN LIN ITUTE ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE 63 ive ir wr upply N UILD Owi U U LIN LIN ITUTE ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O N 8 8 Nt ll pjct tkhlr ( pcilit rct Nt ll ubrct) will b i th pjct ubrct) thi rly t hwvr, thir l rpibiliti till b llc fi thi pi Oc th tkhlr r i th pjct ji th th iii t thy hul b k i f fir th l rpibiliti th hv b llc th l rpibiliti hul b til prt th iti rct, t ftr th wri th rct ubrct wk Trii Hvr Fcility tff Fcility tff Mic r Mic r Up iiii pl (Di) Up iiii pl (Di) Fil Fil buili cui buili cui N IL D lic pp i li l u lctu bui p M i l Pu i vry plic trifu l i r iti tric r f i ucti ch y i N twk ir p uc R lici i 3 D & ii i plic ut V pp 8 H Et itrib p i 9 L lcti cti iti l St r ir f 3 F Filtr i ir Pip wr T r c i S) 6 W li M iti Tr i ir (B 7 r R M i t 8 W & picl r l Sy V Tr fri lci 9 H i R B u H i t lity t Sy Qu Sy r li ir 4 W M ir 8 6 I li v ti ui DHV&N TRODUT 8 B p v 9 E 3T DDUT WORKFOR ONDI Owr rpriv Owr rpriv Di iu ch Di iu ch itic iti DDitic iti Tt iii pcifici iii pcifici Tt Tt rpt rpt i i th i Stkhlr th hul b rpr th iii t iclu: 34 Rl rpibiliti iii r rviw iii r rviw : iii r chir th iii t ti i ultily rpibl f ii iii tk rpibiliti ii f rquir vrifici tp Syt Syt i rviw i rviw yt illi / it SSyt illi / it Ill 7 BUILD OMMISS i rviw rpt DDi rviw rpt ructi ructi cui cui ri LI BU 7 S U U U LIN LIN ITUTE ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE 8 NEW 7 TH N LI U U LIN LIN ITUTE ITUTE REFRIER REFRIER FRIER,, O ONDIT NDIT HE HE ir lv ir 3 Dry Bulb wt p r i r f 3 Tpr ti tur pc itii uppli 3 iip iti phr i ti Fiur 4 4 : Dirct vp riv ir lr H tchicl publici Purch li wwwirhu PRI L E L I b R I u 49

6 Ml B hillr/bilr Elctricl Pwr 4 ct 4 Hi li 4 ul u ry bulb Ou Dry Bulb Evi 4 Mxiu = kw / /3 /8 3/9 4/7 /6 6/ 7/4 8/ 9/ /9 /7 /7 / Ml hillr/bilr Elctricl Pwr [c] 4 Hi li Miiu = J : Fb 7 : pr 6 6:4 Ju 3 3:4 u :3 Oct 7 8: Dc 4 : Ti kw Fiur 4: ul u ry bulb tprur 4 I ir tprur, Prict vt (Pv) Ery upti / /3 /8 3/9 4/7 /6 6/ 7/4 8/ 9/ /9 /7 /7 / Fiur 3: ul li hi lctricl pwr upti f SHP, chillr/bilr th thr l ul lctricl ry upti (kwh/) Ml Rit fl SHP Ml B Hybri url vili FU Ml FU ly Hi 6,3347,8 7,477 li 3,68 8,47 9,4 F,47 3,734 4,833 Pup 3,637 4,3 4,4993 H rjcti N/ Ttl 8,89 9,93 6,633 Tbl : Sury ul lctricl ry upti f th thr l F th ry t pi, Ml u ry l th hlf th Ml B prticulrly f hi uri wir i i u th h pup ry ffici pri pr th bilr rlivly lw thrl fficicy bilr hih ry upti i Ml B will trl hih ry t pr th lctric ry t f th h pup Ml it i till lihtly hihr v with th bilr rui url url vili ributi (f fr li) th ructi i li ry upti i vi i th iprity btw th li hi ry Ml SHP lctric pwr pril (Fi 3) Tp ( ) 3 Ou Dry Bulb Ml M ir Tp Ml B M ir Tp Ml M ir Tp Ml PMV Ml B PMV Ml PMV Ml li Ml Hi Ml B li Ml B Hi Ml li Ml Hi /7 :: /7 7:: /7 3:: /7 9:: /8 :: /8 7:: /8 3:: /8 9:: 3/ :: 3/ 7:: 3/ 3:: 3/ 9:: 3/ :: 3/ 7:: 3/ 3:: 3/ 9:: 3/3 :: /7 : : 3/3 7:: /7 6: : /7 : : 3/3 3:: /7 6: : 3/3 9:: /7 : : 3/4 :: /8 : : 3/4 7:: /8 7: : 3/4 3:: /8 : : /8 7: : 3/4 9:: /8 : : 3/ :: 3 / 3: : 3/ 7:: 3 / 8: : 3/ 3:: 3 / 3: : 3/ 9:: 3 / 8: : 3 / 3: : 3 / 4: : 3 / 9: : 3 / 4: : 3 / 9: : 3 / 4: : 3 /3 : : 3 /3 : : 3 /3 : : 3 /3 : : 3 /4 : : 3 /4 6: : 3 /4 : : 3 /4 6: : 3 /4 : : 3 / : : 3 / 7: : 3 / : : 3 / 7: : 3 / : : Fiur : Stui ur ily tprur, PMV & li r pril (7th Fb th Mrch) f Ml, B Fi hw th PMV i tprur pril uprip with th crpi li r f Ml, B th wk trti 7 Fb rph with rk bcku iic th i tp f Stui f th thr l th r th lft y-xi i whr th PMV pril i th lwr prt r th riht y-xi thr l u it lur ch whr Ml i i blu, B i i yllw r li hw th u ry bulb PMV ELIbRIu PRIL

7 tp f ur wk i Mlbur ( i Fi 4) Duri th ccupi pri th wky ( br M, T, W, T F) th i tprur Ml i t wll ll th thr tw l i i xpct pcilly ury Friy wh th u tp i bit wr Hwvr, th thr rlir y hw th i tprur Ml i withi th º ct r th v thuh tprur wi it i rhr wr ury Friy, th PMV ct iic hw vry fvurbl r ii th b pr th thr tw th r itly i th l ri u li ry r Ml th lwr prt th rph hw ubttil vi pr th thr tw pik hi pik ci with Ml Tuy hw th l uti ir i i thuh th DOS i bi hi l th trir th rit fl h up th f littl whil Tp ( ) 7 /7 :: 7 /7 3:: Ou Dry Bulb Ml - M ir Tp Ml B - M ir Tp Ml - M ir Tp Ml - PMV Ml B - PMV Ml - PMV 7 /7 :: 7 /7 7:: 7 /7 9:: 7 /7 :: 7 /7 3:: 7 /7 :: 7 /7 7:: 7 /7 9:: 7 /7 :: 7 /7 3:: PMV O ily bi, th hurly tprur hi r pril July 7 r hw f th thr l i Fi 6 lrly hr rlivly l wir y wh th u ry bulb i tly blw r, th tp i ii privly wll f th thr l i, i tr PMV, Stui with rit fl bi fur Ml chiv bttr ri with ipv thrl ct u th lv rit tprur thuh th rit h trfr f th fl ry fficicy ptil Ml rflct i it hi pril i bviuly upri th Ml B W Ml li Ml Hi Ml B li Ml B Hi Ml li Ml Hi Fiur 6: Stui wir hurly tp, PMV & hi r pril (7 July) f Ml, B PRIL ELIbRIu

8 43 Eic t illi hyic rit fl i ppxily $4-$67 pr qur tr fluctui pi th iz ubr th, typ illi, fl vri, t th it, th t lbur F th chl buili i quti with 66 fl r, thi t i ti $74,,9 pr with th vrticl lp HE, th illi t f hizl typ i ppxily 3-4% chpr Hizl lp r t ill i trch ppxily -8 p with vrl circuit p ch thr i th trch hllw pth ffct urlly by th ch th l lwr fficicy lr tl pip lth rf, lrr r i rquir, typiclly 6 7 /kw illi t f thi typ lp u u $- pr kw F th l clculi, th tl li hi l f th whl chl wr clcul b u kw 4 kw, rpctivly Hc, th tl illi t f rthwk, quip hir, ril lbur r ti b ppxily $, 6, Tbl iv brk w ic vil p f th thr l Nt Tbl : Nubr i brckt iic iffrc rliv Ml ll ii wk quip t f bic ir uct yt i ti $,,7/kW Oprbl puic wll url vil with lurb: $8/ch pply thi th 8 vil will u $4,4 + % illi t = $7, 3 l xtrpli f - McQuy RW Wr Wr H Pup $7, iclui illi quip t 4 vr rb, rwbl ry rt uch Fur S Ery Pr ( if wwwbuivicvu), Rwbl Ery rtific (RE), tx crit tc F th lyi, vr fui i tk % ll SHP rl t pr Fur S Ery Pr b lctricl ry t $/kwh 6 b 3 k O pucti pr u f kwh lctricity u ONLUSS Svrl clui c b uri fllw: Exch yt upl with url vili uppl by rit lb li/hi i fibl yt f th chl vi whr i ir qulity thrl ct r iptc vilbility lr plyi u xiti i th chl pvi uitbl h ik/h urc f th ipli th t-ffctiv hizl typ HE 3 ry upti th u upl rit fl h pup yt i ubttilly lwr th th thr yt tui 4 I ir qulity i th cl i bttr u pliful upply frh ir ipttly, thrl ct i ir DOS: $ 48, itii yt 6, ipv wh ur i MRT, priv tprur PMV privly i ir tprur ti pybck pri, fcti rviv iciv f vr fui, r withi th bllprk iutry fibl pri yr 6 F th pwrful cpbiliti ry lli thuh ub-hurly ti tp iuli th whl yr lcl whr, th pp l w hw b hihly ffici with fvurbl IQ thrl ct, rwbl ry i, vil frily iclly fibl 6 REFERENES Ml Ml B Ml PT: $6, 87, Nurl vili $7, $7, Rit fl $74,,9 Wr urc h pup quip 3 $63, 7, HE cpitl $, 6, Iciv 4 $9, 6, Nt iitil cpitl Exc iitil cpitl Ery vi (kwh)/u $99, 49,9 $8, 4, ($7, 4,4) SHE: SHE Hbk 997 Ful, ric Scity Hi, Rfriri ir-itii Eir Ic, (997) PT: $6, 87, $6, 87, ($34, 6,9) (3,47) (7,8) Dllr vi/ ($4,6) ($4,37) u Exch illi pybck ti Evil ipct (4 ) (8 ) ul O ii ( O ) 6 ul O ii ructi ( O ) (374) (339) Tbl : Prict ic f th thr l Elibriu PRIL

9 SHE: SHE Hbk HV Syt Equip, ric Scity Hi, Rfriri ir-itii Eir Ic, () 3 utrli Str: S668, Prt 99, U Mchicl Vili ir-itii i Buili, Prt Mchicl Vili f ccptbl I-ir Qulity, Str cii utrli, p33, (99) 4 IBSE: pplici Mul, M, Nurl Vili i N-Dtic Buili, hrtr Iituti Buili Srvic Eir, () DiBuilr vr 4, DiBuilr twr, wwwibuilruk, () 6 EryPlu vr, Iput/Output Rfrc, EryPlu Dcui, US Dprt Ery, () 7 Iri, T, Oi, T Bki, K; rl ct ry upti th rit cili pl yt pri with th vil ll-ir yt, Ery Buili, Vl 3, pp 67-7 (999) 8 Hui, J; Prr Etii B Ml Wr Surc H Pup, Ph i, Dprt Mchicl pc Eiri, Oklh St Uivrity () 9 Ruly, E, Pichwki, M u, K; FD iuli rit fl hi/li f thrl ct, IIR HV Ery Efficicy Bt Prctic frc, 7-9 Sptbr 8, Mlbur (8) T; Mli Pck H Pup i Qui-Sty St Ery Siuli Pr, MS i, Dprt Mchicl pc Eiri, Oklh St Uivrity () BOUT UTHORS t th ti writi thi rticl, Ey Ruly w i buili ciit Mihrt rui f UNSW i rfriri ir itii, hi firt fy i iri w with Vipc pjct ir H w plt hi PhD th Uivrity Mlbur ji Mihrt i 7 xt hi kwl i buili thrl yt iuli ry lli, FD, piv ir i, thrl ct i ir qulity ry-ffici HV i utibl buili luti Ruly h ic b ppi i tchicl ir TROX utrli pvi tchicl vic i fbck ll TROX c puct i utrli Nw Zl Mirk xprti i i th thyic lyi, i putr lli thrl yt Hi wk i fcu vlpi ctbl, liclly utibl t ffctiv buili i luti H pvi pril lrhip ii f th ultiicipliry t ciit ir Mihrt Hi t i typiclly pvi vi vlp ir r buili i luti i rquir triki th riht blc th t pti fucti, htic, t utibility ut Mirk i l LEED ccrit Pril H wk with i t tkhlr hlp th chiv th ir LEED crtifici ut utrli Iitut Rfriri, ir itii Hi B br >> Mbr bfit: xcluiv py th iutry ft tchicl rfrc th H br hbk Mhly pi Elibriu HV&R Ni zi Rulr t il il up with iutry w v Diu trii, tchicl ir frc ritri pply li y wwwirhu PRIL Elibriu 3