Future of Electricity Storage

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Horatio Malone
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1 Future of Electricity Storage Haike van de Vegte, DNV GL Energy Den Bosch, Oktober 7, 2015 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

2 Industry consolidation 2

3 DNV GL Only by connecting the details can we impact the bigger picture Increasing global demand for energy Integration of energy markets Climate change and extreme weather Growing share of renewables Security and ageing assets 3

Integration of energy markets Climate change and extreme

4 Power Systems and Electrification The grid system need at all times to have a balance between production of electricity (supply) and electricity consumption (demand) Super grids Smart grids Energy Storage Renewables Trade high volumes of electricity across great distances Innovate and enhance services within Smart and Micro grids Enebling the growth market of Energy Storage Facilitate the shift of renewables towards the free market

Trade high volumes of electricity across great distances Innovate and enhance services within Smart and

5 Agenda Energy trends Technology and societal trends impacting the energy market The need for flexibility Energy storage: Roadmap Key value propositions Opportunities?! 5

6 Energy trends Source: TKI EnerGO & TKI Switch2SmartGrids 6

7 Energy scenarios change the energy mix in Europe (Roadmap 2050 EU) Electricity use as part of the energy mix Range regarding decarbonisation scenarios Range for current trends scenarios 2005 RES Gas Nuclear Oil Solid Fuels RES Gas Nuclear Oil Solid Fuels EU decarbonisation scenarios changing the energy mix 2030 and 2050 range of fuel shares in primary energy consumption compared with 2005 outcome (%) Increasing trend Share of electricity in current trend and in decarbonisation scenario s (% of final energy demand) Energy Roadmap 2050, European Commission 7

decarbonisation scenarios changing the energy mix 2030 and 2050 range of fuel shares in primary energy consumption compared with 2005 outcome

8 Centralised and decentralised energy systems develop in parallel 8

9 Electrification will ease integration of (local) energy business, housing industry, and automotive sector Transportation Local energy Smart devices Electric vehicles will become mainstream E.g. micro CHP s: local heating and electricity production Smart home appliances, innovative services, etc. Green gas application 9

Electric vehicles will become mainstream E.g.

10 New market players will change the game, with new roles? Energy, and especially electricity has been a commodity market New market players approach end-users as clients! Solarwatt (BMW) Powerwall (Tesla) Smart thermostats (Nest) Energy insight (Plugwise) 10

New market players approach end-users as clients!

11 The need for flexibility: smart energy 11

12 Flexibility instruments to enable high RES penetration Flexible Power Demand Side Management Energy storage Supergrids / Interconnectors 12

13 Roadmap Energy Storage

14 Roadmap Energy Storage 2030 Topsector Energy TKI Wind at sea / TKI Solar DNV GL, Berenschot, TU Delft Objectives: Determine desired, respectively necessary future role of energy storage in the Netherlands. Develop an action plan for the Dutch government to actually realize this role. Opportunities for BV The Netherlands. Part of a larger research program: System integration 14

15 15

16 Current international situation & developments Main markets in most European countries are on a) storage behind the meter, b) island grids and c) storage for ancillary services Germany: self-usage requirements & subsidy on purchase price battery storage Italy: high penetration of RES and inability to adequately invest in grid reinforcement USA: mandate of 1.3 GW of EES in California, adapting legislation (allowing nongenerating agents such as DR and storage) and identification of specifications (speed, accuracy) UK: National Grid developing a new market design around energy storage

inability to adequately invest in grid reinforcement USA: mandate of 1.

17 Expected impact and benefits R&D for cost reduction Lowering TCO of an energy storage system and so boosting storage-business Market models and regulation Stimulating new business models. Reducing market barriers Standardisation Moving from a project-by-project based market to a product-market Create a level playing field Job growth and Innovation Stimulate start-ups in field of storage system integrations, storage safety, refurbishing, design and recycling Boosting innovation, knowledge, and scientific, both regionally and nationally 17

Reducing market barriers Standardisation Moving from a project-by-project based market to a product-market Create a level playing field

18 Value of storage 18

19 Market trends for EESS 19

20 Value of storage: Virtual Island Grids 20

21 Second life Application: Pampus Power island 2 nd life battery Pampus - Avoided Grid cost: for a cable Aim: Autarky rate of 70%, local RE production and local use with a 24 kwh battery (without the diesel generator / grid) 21

22 Value of storage: Second life 22

23 Reuse of cost effective Electric Vehicle Batteries for storage solutions Battery Reuse for local electricity storage E-storage demand

objectives: Develop second life applications for end of first life EV batteries Create new

24 ABattReLife Partners: Country: Period: Project topic: Automotive partners: PSA, BMW Germany, France, the Netherlands 2011 present Battery reuse and recycling Project objectives: Develop second life applications for end of first life EV batteries Create new market models for re-using and recycling EV batteries Life cycle assessment for second life applications 24

25 Battery Service life 20% DoD remaining capacity [%] 100% DoD 80% DoD Recycling? Second life: 80% DoD e.g. PV number of cycles

26 Value of storage: Ancillary Services 26

27 AES Advancion 10 MW (20MW flexible capacity) Primary Reserve Market Delta TenneT 27

28 Value of storage: Standardization 28

29 Recommended Practice on Grid-Connected Energy Storage DNV GL issues Recommended Practice on grid-connected energy storage systems Guidelines and methods to evaluate, assess and test safety, operation and performance of grid-connected ES systems Referencing ISO, IEC and IEEE standards if possible, enhancing where needed Approach: technology agnostic, specific where necessary; worldwide application Objective: Reduce risks, stimulate safe and optimal implementation Provide industry guidance in the absence of comprehensive standards Creation: Joint Industry Project Industry consortium: manufacturers, end users, other stakeholders, academia Publication: December 2015 (IEC TC-120: late 2017 / beginning of 2018) 29

30 Value of storage: Behind the meter 30

31 Storage behind the meter 3600 kwh household 2400 kwh solar-pv 5kWh storage system 5 days in March, June, December Five days in June 31

32 HEMSflow Insight in the energy flows in a prosumerhouse Client: Country: Period: Project topic: Confidential Netherlands Simulation of household energy storage HEMSflow objectives: Develop a model in Python to analyse the behaviour of battery storage in combination with PV in a household Model various household strategies such as full autarky and maximum self-consumption Calculate system losses Analyse optimal configuration for battery size 32

33 Key take-aways 33

34 Key Take-Aways Electric energy storage is taking off, be prepared! Operational experience and standardisation Value assessment and remuneration 34

35 Thank you Haike van de Vegte +31 (0) SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER 35

V2G initiatives, experiments and implementation path in The Netherlands

ENERGY V2G initiatives, experiments and implementation path in The Netherlands The Solar and electrical mobility revolution conference Petra de Boer 30 March 2015 1 3 April 2015 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER