Energy Systems Integration

Transcription

1 Energy Systems Integration Dr. Martha Symko-Davies Director of Partnerships, ESI March 2015 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

2 Today s Electricity Grid Generation Delivery Customer Source: EPRI, 2009

3 Tomorrow s Power System Generation Delivery Prosumer Source: EPRI, 2009

4 The Revolution is Coming Now

5 Flexibility Will Be Needed

6 Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) NREL s largest R&D facility (182,500 ft 2 / 20,000 m 2 ) Space for 200 NREL staff and research partners 15 state-of-the-art hardware laboratories Integrated megawattscale electrical, thermal and fuel infrastructure High performance computation and data analysis capabilities 2-D/3-D advanced visualization

7 ESIF Laboratories Rooftop PV & Wind Energy Storage Lab Residential, Community & Grid Battery Storage, Flywheels & Thermal Smart Power Lab Buildings & Loads Energy Systems Integration Lab Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers Outdoor Test Areas EVs, Power Transformers, Micro-turbines, Gensets Power Systems Integration Lab PV Simulator Control Room ADMS Testbed

8 A Design Process for Clean Energy Hardware Testing Modeling & Simulation Field Deployment PV Simulator Devices Under Test (e.g. inverter, energy storage, EV, loads) Utility Substation Load Banks Grid Simulator Subdivision with PV at end of circuit Continuous Learning and Improvement

9 Microgrids and Energy Security What is a microgrid? group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. It can operate in both gridconnected and island-mode [Office of Electricity, DOE Microgrid Workshop Report, 2011 San Diego, CA] Source: IEEE What is energy security? US Navy: having assured access to reliable and sustainable supplies of energy and the ability to protect and deliver sufficient energy to meet operational needs 2008 Defense Science Board Task Force on DoD Energy Strategy described vulnerability of the nation s electric power grid The number of large blackouts at a national level is growing in number and severity 9

10 Energy Storage & Inverters Key Components Energy storage & bi-directional inverters permit: Smoothing of PV generation Dispatchable power Peak reduction/shifting Voltage support Frequency support Inverter technology has advanced significantly in recent years: Communications for remote monitoring and control Curtailment & time delays provide ride-through Real and reactive Power capabilities, etc.

11 Small or Simple Microgrids Used for very small loads (lighting, communications, & small appliances) which may include a dispatchable backup generator to ensure power supply Often there is no utility Very simple architecture: Power system infrastructure -system protection, distribution, fuse boxes, building wiring Basic controller for load/generation balance Generation resources engine generator, solar PV, wind turbine(s), etc. Batteries (optional)

12 NREL + Raytheon Energy Systems Integration TECHNOLOGY ADDRESSED Partnered with Raytheon Company, Primus Power, and Advanced Energy to successfully demonstrate an advanced microgrid system that draws on batteries and solar energy for its power. System slated for deployment at the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Miramar in San Diego, California, in mid R&D STRATEGY Build a replica of the microgrid system in the ESIF and test it in both islanded and grid-connected modes, including the transition between modes. Evaluate the efficacy of the microgrid controller in managing photovoltaic power output and battery charging and discharging under various solar penetration and power quality scenarios. Demonstrate the actual performance of the system prior to installation in the field. 200kW load, 2 x 100kW solar inverters, 750 kw battery charger/discharger, 450 kw simulated battery. IMPACT Resulted in refinement of the battery DC power quality, optimization of the use of solar power, and enhancements to the microgrid controller. The demonstration proved the ability for a microgrid with battery energy storage and conventional PV inverters to run entirely on solar power while retaining the power quality needed to satisfy critical facility loads.

13 Mid-Sized Systems: MCAS Miramar Outside San Diego, CA Primarily flight training and operations Track record of successful EE and RE projects 1.5 MW of solar PV plus solar parking lot and street lights 3.2 MW landfill gas PPA Microgrid/energy storage project underway for Public Works building Peak loads are summer afternoons 14 MW peak, 7 MW avg, 5 MW min Critical loads are Flight-Line and supporting facilities 6 MW peak, 3.5 MW avg, 2.5 MW min 13

14 NREL + Wyle Energy Systems Integration TECHNOLOGY ADDRESSED DoD Army forward operating base power management using the Consolidated utility base energy (CUBE) system R&D STRATEGY Develop and test prototype integrated mobile power system that optimized fuel use by incorporating PV, wind, and storage. The system is capable of smoothly transitioning between operation as a stand-alone unit and connected to a utility grid. IMPACT Significantly reduce fuel use and extend mission critical operations up to 48 hours ultimately saving soldiers lives.

15 MCAS Miramar Miramar received funding to perform a microgrid assessment in 2011 Microgrid Design Criteria Power critical loads (approximately 100 buildings) during a commercial grid outage resulting from natural disaster, terrorist attack, or human error Operate for at least two weeks Redundant fuel sources important to enhance reliability Incorporate as much renewable energy as feasible Provide revenue by using microgrid assets for demand response, peak shaving, and other uses Phased build-out approach to include entire base in the microgrid NREL worked with Miramar to complete a conceptual microgrid design (December 2011) 15

16 MCAS Miramar Miramar experienced an eight hour utility power outage in September 2011 (due to human error at utility) Critical facilities lost power (backup generators failed to start, UPS batteries ran out, etc.) Training missions were canceled, planes and helicopters were grounded Most personnel (both military and civilian) were sent home Justification for the project became apparent Miramar submitted a DD1391 funding request in 2012 Authority to Design received in August

17 MCAS Miramar New Hangars and PV Systems Since Conceptual Design Resulted in New Critical Facilities Peak of 7.3 MW, Minimum 2.4 MW Need to Monitor and Control Solar PV Systems in Island Mode (Low Load Conditions) LFG Generation Not Reliable (Sudden Shutdowns Possible) 17

18 MCAS Miramar Execute Demand Response with SDGE (Flex Alerts) Advanced Metering Infrastructure May Provide Additional Benefits to Microgrid Real-time monitoring at transformer level Analytics, trends, and reports for buildings Identify errors, faults, or spikes in consumption Area Wide Energy Management System (DDC) Corrective action on building equipment operation (mechanical deficiencies reported to maintenance) Better load management RFP expected to be released early 2015 (Two Phases) High Profile Demonstration Project for the Marine Corps and DoD 18

19 SDG&E Borrego Springs Microgrid Project Small Community West of San Diego 26 MW PV Farm PV backfeeds into 69 kv system (single SDG&E transmission line to the area) 69 kv system also supplies 12 kv Borrego Substation - peak load 16 MW 19

20 Solar NREL and San Diego Gas & Electric Energy Systems Integration Task 2: Comms & Control Develop remote PHIL connection between ESIF and SDG&E Establish virtual connection between SDG&E ITF and NREL ESIF for future research needs. Task 3: Integrated Systems Systems integration high penetration of PV and storage integration Storage placement and profile generation QSTS analysis of DER PHIL testing of selected storage use cases Cost benefit analysis Storage performance testing plan Total Funding: $600K (50/50 cost share) To-date spend: $ 88K

21 SDG&E Borrego Springs Diesel generators at substation approx. 5 MW capacity Energy storage 500 Kw, 1500 Kwh ABB/SAFT w/parker inverters 3 strategically-placed community energy storage units used to firm intermittent rooftop solar generation SDG&E goal is to be able to island the entire community 21

22 Large Scale Microgrids FDA White Oak Maryland Federal Research Center 3M Sq. Ft. 55 MW System, two CHP central utility plants (power, chilled water, hot water) Turbine generators, steam turbines, diesel, PV Black start capability to island mode operation Coordinated load restoration process 94 instances of islanding (manual and automatic) since 2011 Synchronized transfer from island to utility parallel operation On a yearly basis more power is supplied to Pepco than Pepco supplies to the White Oak Campus 22

23 For More Information Martha Symko-Davies Director of Partnerships, Energy Systems Integration National Renewable Energy Laboratory Mail Stop RSF 050, Denver West Parkway Golden, CO USA (phone) ( ) 23